<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horn, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leong, Z.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Block, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diamond, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evans, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillips, B.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BATs and APEs: Designing an interactive tabletop game for natural history museums</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'12)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Press</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6 - 10 May, 2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, Texas</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schneider, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strait, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muller, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elfenbein, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shaer, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylo-Genie: Engaging Students in Collaborative 'Tree- Thinking' through Tabletop Techniques</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'12).</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Press</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6 - 10 May, 2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, Texas</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alan Dunne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Son Do-Lenh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gearóid Ó' Laighin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chia Shen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo Bonato</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Children with Cerebral Palsy using Accelerometer Feedback on a Multitouch Display&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder caused by disturbances to the developing brain. Physical and occupational therapy, if started at a young age, can help minimizing complications such as joint contractures, and can improve limb range of motion and coordination. While current forms of therapy for children with cerebral palsy are effective in minimizing symptoms, many children find them boring or repetitive. We have designed a system for use in upper-extremity rehabilitation sessions, making use of a multitouch display. The system allows children to be engaged in interactive gaming scenarios, while intensively performing desired exercises. It supports games which require completion of specific stretching or coordination exercises using one or both hands, as well as games which use physical, or “tangible” input mechanisms. To encourage correct posture during therapeutic exercises, we use a wireless kinematic sensor, worn on the patient's trunk, as a feedback channel for the games.  The system went through several phases of design, incorporating input from observations of therapy and clinical sessions, as well as feedback from medical professionals. This paper describes the hardware platform, presents the design objectives derived from our iterative design phases and meetings with clinical personnel, discusses our current game designs and identifies areas of future work.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horn, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frogs and Toads Memory: A Voronoi Twist on the Classic Children's Game</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sixth Annual International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams in Science and Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/23/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.youtube.com/SDRHarvardSEAS?feature=mhum#p/f/5/hQv21eGBWm0</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copenhagen, Denmark</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we present a novel twist on the classic children’s game, Memory. Here we combine the use of a weighted, centroidal Voronoi diagram and a multitouch tabletop surface to create a board game in which tiles (represented with Voronoi regions) dynamically morph as the game play evolves. This provides a challenge in which players must not only remember the locations of the various tiles, but also track their movements over time.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horn, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tobiasz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visualizing Biodiversity with Voronoi Treemaps</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sixth Annual International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams in Science and Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/23/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.youtube.com/SDRHarvardSEAS#p/f/1/XAvtNJxSFpU</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Copenhagen, Denmark</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Introduced in 2005, the Voronoi treemap algorithm is an information visualization technique for displaying hierarchical data. Voronoi treemaps use weighted, centroidal Voronoi diagrams to create a nested tessellation of convex polygons. However, despite appealing qualities, few real world examples of Voronoi treemaps exist. In this paper, we present a multi-touch tabletop application called Involv that uses the Voronoi treemap algorithm to create an interactive visualization for the Encyclopedia of Life. Involv is the result of a yearlong iterative development process and includes over 1.2 million named species organized in a nine-level hierarchy. Working in the domain of life sciences, we have encountered the need to display supplemental hierarchical data to augment information in the treemap. Thus we propose an extension of the Voronoi treemap algorithm that employs force-directed graph drawing techniques both to guide the construction of the treemap and to overlay a supplemental hierarchy.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viel, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bajaj, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lue, R.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CThru: Exploration in a Video-Centered Information Space for Educational Purposes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM CHI</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present CThru, a self-guided video-based educational environment in a large multi-display setting. We employ a video-centered approach, creating and combining multimedia contents of different formats with a story-telling education video. With the support of new display form factors in the environment, viewing a sequential educational video thread is replaced by the immersive learning experience of hands-on exploration and manipulation in a multi-dimensional information space. We demonstrate CThru with an animation clip in cellular biology, supplementing visible objects in the video with rich domain-specific multimedia information and interactive 3D models. We describe CThru's design rationale and implementation. We also discuss a pilot study and what it revealed with respect to CThru's interface and the usage pattern of the tabletop and the associated large wall display.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borkin, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The WeSpace: The Design, Development and Deployment of a Walk-Up and Share Multi-Surface Visual Collaboration System</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM CHI</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present WeSpace – a collaborative work space that integrates a large data wall with a multi-user multi-touch table. WeSpace has been developed for a population of scientists who frequently meet in small groups for data exploration and visualization. It provides a low overhead walk-up and share environment for users with their own personal applications and laptops. We present our year-long effort from initial ethnographic studies, to iterations of design, development and user testing, to the current experiences of these scientists carrying out their collaborative research in the WeSpace. We shed light on the utility, the value of the multi-touch table, the manifestation, usage patterns and the changes in their workflow that WeSpace has brought about.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ringel Morris, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hancock, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collaborative Tabletop Research and Evaluation: Interface and Interactions on Direct-Touch Horizontal Surfaces</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive Artifacts and Furniture Supporting Collaborative Work and Learning</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springer.com/education+%26+language/learning+%26+instruction/book/978-0-387-77233-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, USA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111-128</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brandl, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haller, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combining and Measuring the Benefits of Bimanual Pen and Direct-Touch Interaction of Interfaces</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many research projects have demonstrated the benefits of bimanual interaction for a variety of tasks. When choosing bimanual input, system designers must select the input device that each hand will control. In this paper, we argue for the use of pen and touch two-handed input, and describe an experiment in which users were faster and committed fewer errors using pen and touch input in comparison to using either touch and touch or pen and pen input while performing a representative bimanual task. We present design principles and an application in which we applied our design rationale toward the creation of a learnable set of bimanual, pen and touch input commands.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Borkin, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kauggmann, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;LivOlay: Interactive Ad-Hoc Registered Overlapping of Applications for Collaborative Visual Exploration&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of CHI 2008</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Florence, Italy</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The interoperability of disparate data types and sources has been a long standing problem and a hindering factor for the efficacy and efficiency in visual exploration applications. In this paper, we present a solution, called LivOlay, which enables the rapid visual overlay of live data rendered in different applications. Our tool addresses datasets in which visual registration of the information is necessary in order to allow for thorough understanding and visual analysis. We also discuss initial evaluation and user feedback of LivOlay.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“System Design for the Extension of Personal Devices to a Table-Centered Multi-User, Multi-Surface Environment in the WeSpace”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of IEEE Tabletops and Interactive Surfaces</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amsterdam, the Netherlands</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The WeSpace is a long-term project dedicated to the creation of environments supporting walk-up and share collaboration among small groups. The focus of our system design has been to provide 1) groups with mechanisms to easily share their own data and 2)necessary native visual applications suitable on large display environments. Our current prototype system includes both a large high-resolution data wall and an interactive table. These are utilized to provide a focal point for collaborative interaction with data and applications. In this paper, we describe in detail the designs behind the current prototype system. In particular, we present 1) the infrastructure which allows users to connect and visually share their laptop content on-thefly, and supports the extension of native visualization applications, and 2) the table-centric design employed in customized WeSpace applications to support crosssurface interactions. We will also describe elements of our user-centered iterative design process, in particular the results from a late-stages session which saw our astrophysicist participants successfully use the WeSpace to collaborate on their own real research problems.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Direct-Touch vs. Mouse Input for Tabletop Displays”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We investigate the differences – in terms of both quantitative performance and subjective preference – between direct-touch and mouse input for unimanual and bimanual tasks on tabletop displays. The results of two experiments show that for bimanual tasks performed on tabletops, users benefit from direct-touch input. However, our results also indicate that mouse input may be moreappropriate for a single user working on tabletop tasks requiring only single-point interaction.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenberg, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“How Pairs Interact Over a Multimodal Digital Table”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-located collaborators often work over physical tabletops using combinations of expressive hand gestures and verbal utterances. This paper provides the first observations of how pairs of people communicated and interacted in a multimodal digital table environment built atop existing single user applications. We contribute to the understanding of these environments in two ways. First, we saw that speech and gesture commands served double duty as both commands to the computer, and as implicit communication to others. Second, in spite of limitations imposed by the underlying single-user application, people were able to work together simultaneously, and they performed interleaving acts: the graceful mixing of inter-person speech and gesture actions as commands to the system. This work contributes to the intricate understanding of multi-user multimodal digital table interaction.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baudisch, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barnwell, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“LucidTouch: A See-Through Mobile Device”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Newport, RI</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Touch is a compelling input modality for interactive devices; however, touch input on the small screen of a mobile device is problematic because a user’s fingers occlude the graphical elements he wishes to work with. In this paper, we present LucidTouch, a mobile device that addresses this limitation by allowing the user to control the application by touching the back of the device. The key to making this usable is what we call pseudo-transparency: by overlaying an image of the user’s hands onto the screen, we create the illusion of the mobile device itself being semitransparent. This pseudo-transparency allows users to accurately acquire targets while not occluding the screen with their fingers and hand. LucidTouch also supports multi-touch input, allowing users to operate the device simultaneously with all 10 fingers. We present initial study results that indicate that many users found touching on the back to be preferable to touching on the front, due to reduced occlusion, higher precision, and the ability to make multi-finger input.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Perception of Elementary Graphical Elements in Tabletop and Multi-Surface Environments”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Jose, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information shown on a tabletop display can appear distorted when viewed by a seated user. Even worse, the impact of this distortion is different depending on the location of the information on the display. In this paper, we examine how this distortion affects the perception of the basic graphical elements of information visualization shown on displays at various angles. We first examine perception of these elements on a single display, and then compare this to perception across displays, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of various elements for use in a tabletop and multi-display environment. We found that the perception of some graphical elements is more robust to distortion than others. We then develop recommendations for building data visualizations for these environments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Gesture Registration, Relaxation, and Reuse for Multi-Point Direct-Touch Surfaces”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TableTop)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=33359&amp;arnumber=1579211&amp;count=28&amp;index=27</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adelaide, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freehand gestural interaction with direct-touch computation surfaces has been the focus of significant research activity recently. While many interesting gestural interaction techniques have been proposed, their design has been mostly ad-hoc and has not been presented within a constructive design framework. In this paper, we develop and articulate a set of design principles for constructing – in a systematic and extensible manner – multi-hand gestures on touch surfaces that can sense multiple points and shapes, and can also accommodate conventional point-based input. To illustrate the generality of these design principles, a set of bimanual continuous gestures that embody these principles are developed and explored within a prototype tabletop publishing application. We carried out a user evaluation to assess the usability of these gestures and use the results and observations to suggest future design guidelines.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“MultiSpace: Enabling Electronic Document Micro-mobility in Table-Centric, Multi-Device Environments”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TableTop)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=33359&amp;arnumber=1579187&amp;count=28&amp;index=3</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adelaide, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Although electronic media has changed how people interact with documents, today’s electronic documents and the environments in which they are used are still impoverished relative to traditional paper documents when used by groups of people and across multiple computing devices. Vertical interfaces (e.g., walls and monitors) afford a less democratic style of interaction than generally observed when people are working around a table. In this paper, we introduce MultiSpace, a research effort which explores the role of the table as a central hub to support ad hoc collaboration in a multi-device environment. The table-centric approach offers new interaction techniques to provide egalitarian access and shared transport of data, supporting mobility and micromobility [11] of electronic content between tables and other devices. Our observations show how people use these techniques, and how tabletop technology can support and augment collaborative tasks.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hancock, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carpendale, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Rotation and Translation Mechanisms for Tabletop Interaction”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TableTop)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?reload=true&amp;isnumber=33359&amp;arnumber=1579196&amp;count=28&amp;index=12</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adelaide, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A digital tabletop, such as the one shown in Figure 1, offers several advantages over other groupware form factors for collaborative applications. However, users of a tabletop system do not share a common perspective for the display of information: what is presented right-side-up to one participant is upsidedown for another. In this paper, we survey five different rotation and translation techniques for objects displayed on a direct-touch digital tabletop display. We analyze their suitability for interactive tabletops in light of their respective input and output degrees of freedom, as well as the precision and completeness provided by each. We describe various tradeoffs that arise when considering which, when and where each of these techniques might be most useful.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Adapting a Single-Display, Single-User Geospatial Application for a Multi-Device, Multi-User Environment”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Conference on User Interface Software and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreux, Switzerland</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we discuss our adaptation of a single-display, single-user commercial application for use in a multi-device, multi-user environment. We wrap Google Earth, a popular geospatial application, in a manner that allows for synchronized coordinated views among multiple instances running on different machines in the same co-located environment. The environment includes a touch-sensitive tabletop display, three vertical wall displays, and a TabletPC. A set of interaction techniques that allow a group to manage and exploit this collection of devices is presented.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Effects of Display Position and Control Space Orientation on User Preference and Performance”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of CHI 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreal, Quebec, Canada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In many environments, it is often the case that input is made to displays that are positioned non-traditionally relative to one or more users. This typically requires users to perform interaction tasks under transformed input-display spatial mappings, and the literature is unclear as to how such transformations affect performance. We present two experiments that explore the impact of display space position and input control space orientation on user’s subjective preference and objective performance in a docking task. Our results provide guidelines as to optimal display placement and control orientation in collaborative computing environments with one or more shared displays.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greenberg, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Enabling Interaction with Single User Applications through Speech and Gestures on a Multi-User Tabletop”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) International Working Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venice, Italy</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-located collaborators often work over physical tabletops with rich geospatial information. Previous research shows that people use gestures and speech as they interact with artefacts on the table and communicate with one another. With the advent of large multi-touch surfaces, developers are now applying this knowledge to create appropriate technical innovations in digital table design. Yet they are limited by the difficulty of building a truly useful collaborative application from the ground up. In this paper, we circumvent this difficulty by: (a) building a multimodal speech and gesture engine around the Diamond Touch multi-user surface, and (b) wrapping existing, widely-used off-the-shelf single-user interactive spatial applications with a multimodal interface created from this engine. Through case studies of two quite different geospatial systems – Google Earth and Warcraft III – we show the new functionalities, feasibility and limitations of leveraging such single-user applications within a multi user, multimodal tabletop. This research informs the design of future multimodal tabletop applications that can exploit single-user software conveniently available in the market. We also contribute (1) a set of technical and behavioural affordances of multimodal interaction on a tabletop, and (2) lessons learnt from the limitations of single user applications.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ringel Morris, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Experiences With and Observations of Direct-Touch Tables”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (TableTop)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=33359&amp;arnumber=1579197&amp;count=28&amp;index=13</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adelaide, Australia</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Co-located collaborators often work over physical tabletops with rich geospatial information. Previous research shows that people use gestures and speech as they interact with artefacts on the table and communicate with one another. With the advent of large multi-touch surfaces, developers are now applying this knowledge to create appropriate technical innovations in digital table design. Yet they are limited by the difficulty of building a truly useful collaborative application from the ground up. In this paper, we circumvent this difficulty by: (a) building a multimodal speech and gesture engine around the Diamond Touch multi-user surface, and (b) wrapping existing, widely-used off-the-shelf single-user interactive spatial applications with a multimodal interface created from this engine. Through case studies of two quite different geospatial systems – Google Earth and Warcraft III – we show the new functionalities, feasibility and limitations of leveraging such single-user applications within a multi user, multimodal tabletop. This research informs the design of future multimodal tabletop applications that can exploit single-user software conveniently available in the market. We also contribute (1) a set of technical and behavioural affordances of multimodal interaction on a tabletop, and (2) lessons learnt from the limitations of single user applications.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Exploring the Effects of Group Size and Display Configuration on Visual Search”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Banff, Alberta, Canada</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual search is the subject of countless psychology studies in which people search for target items within a scene. The bulk of this literature focuses on the individual with the goal of understanding the human perceptual system. In life, visual search is performed not only by individuals, but also by groups – a team of doctors may study an x-ray and a team of analysts may study a satellite photograph. In this paper, we examine the issues one should consider when searching as a group. We present the details of an experiment designed to investigate the impact of group size on visual search performance, and how different display configurations affected that performance. We asked individuals, pairs, and groups of four people to participate in a baggage screening task in which these teams searched simulated x-rays for prohibited items. Teams conducted these searches on single monitors, a row of four monitors, and on a single horizontal display. Our findings suggest that groups commit far fewer errors in visual search tasks, although they may perform slower than individuals under certain conditions. The interaction between group size and display configuration turned out to be an important factor as well.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, M.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hancock, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tse, E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Informing the Design of Direct-Touch Tabletops”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Special Issue</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Table-Centric Interactive Spaces for Real-Time Collaboration: Solutions, Evaluation, and Application Scenarios”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CollabTech 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsukuba, Japan</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tables have historically played a key role in many real-time collaborative environments, often referred to as “Operation Centres”. Today, these environments have been transformed by computational technology into spaces with large vertical displays surrounded by numerous desktop computers. Despite significant research activity in the area of tabletop computing, very little is known about how to best integrate a digital tabletop into these multi-surface environments. In this paper, we identify the unique characteristics of this problem space, and present the evaluation of a system proposed to demonstrate how an interactive tabletop can be used in a real-time operations centre to facilitate collaborative situation-assessment and decision-making.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wigdor, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leigh, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shipman, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barnwell, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balakrishnan, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Under the Table Interaction”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Conference on User Interface Software and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreux, Switzerland</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We explore the design space of a two-sided interactive touch table, designed to receive touch input from both the top and bottom surfaces of the table. By combining two registered touch surfaces, we are able to offer a new dimension of input for co-located collaborative groupware. This design accomplishes the goal of increasing the relative size of the input area of a touch table while maintaining its direct-touch input paradigm. We describe the interaction properties of this two-sided touch table, report the results of a controlled experiment examining the precision of user touches to the underside of the table, and a series of application scenarios we developed for use on inverted and two-sided tables. Finally, we present a list of design recommendations based on our experiences and observations with inverted and two-sided tables.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hancock, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“CoR2Ds: Context-Rooted Rotatable Draggables for Tabletop Interaction”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-7 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHI</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portland, OR</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a new popup widget, called CoR2Ds (Context-Rooted Rotatable Draggables), designed for multi-user direct-touch tabletop environments. CoR2Ds are interactive callout popup objects that are visually connected (rooted) at the originating displayed object by a semi-transparent colored swath. CoR2Ds can be used to bring out meanus, display drilled-down or off-screen ancillary data such as metadata and attributes, as well as instantiate tools. CoR2Ds can be freely moved, rotated, and re-oriented on a tabletop display surface by fingers, hands, pointing devices (mice) or marking devices (such as a stylus or light pen). CoR2Ds address five issues for interaction techniques on interactive tabletop display surfaces: occlusion, reach, context on a cluttered display, readability, and concurrent/coordianted multi-user interaction. In this paper, we present the design, interaction and implementation of CoR2Ds. We also discuss a set of current usage scenarios.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buxton, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Glimpse: A Novel Input Model for Multi-Level Devices”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-7 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portland, OR</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We describe a technique that supports the previewing of navigation, exploration, and editing operations by providing convenient Undo for unsuccessful and/or undesirable actions on multilevel input devices such as touch screens and pen-based computers. By adding a Glimpse state to traditional three-state pressure sensitive input devices, users are able to preview the effects of their editing without committing to them. From this Glimpse state, users can undo their action as easily as they can commit to it, making Glimpse most appropriate for systems in which the user is likely to try out many variations of an edit before finding the right one. Exploration is encouraged as the cumbersome returning to a menu or keyboard to issue an Undo command is eliminated. Glimpse has the added benefits that the negative effects of inconsistencies in the Undo feature within an application are reduced.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Modal Spaces: Spatial Multiplexing to Mediate Direct-Touch Input on Large Displays”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2-7 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portland, OR</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a new interaction technique for large direct-touch displays called Modal Spaces.  Modal interfaces require the user to keep track of the state of the system. The Modal Spaces technique adds screen location aas an additional parameter of the interaction. Each modal region on the display supports a particular set of input actions and the visual background indicates the spaces´ use. This workbech approach exploits the larger form factor of display. Our spatial multiplexing of the display supports a document-centric paradigm (as opposed to application-centric), enabling input gesture reuse, while complementing and enhancing the current existing practices of modal interfaces. We present a proof-of-concept system and discuss porential applications, design issues, and future research directions.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“DocuBits and Containers: Providing e-Document Micro-Mobility in a Walk-up Interactive Tabletop Environment”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2005: IFIP TC13 International Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rome, Italy</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">998-1001</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A key challenge in supporting face-to-face collaborative work is e-document micro-mobility: supporting movement of digital content amongst shared display surfaces and personal devices at arbitrary levels of document granularity. Micro-mobility is a dexterity that physical paper artifacts afford - the ability to be handled with any position and placement, to be dismantled, cut and torn apart, marked up, reassembled and sorted. To support micro-mobility for electronic content and group work, we propose DocuBits and Containers. DocuBits offer the metaphor of a paper-cutter and a scanner for electronic documents. A portion of screen ´bits´from any application or any parts of visible display can be cut, grabbed, send and launched onto a different display surface or device with minimal interaction - merely three mouse/stylus click-select. Once arrived on the target display surface, DocuBits can be arbitrarily positioned, re-oriented, marked up, and pulled into other documents, or again send to other display surfaces. A Container is a composite draft of DocuBits and other documents, usually composed as the outcome of a collaborative meeting.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“DTLens: Multi-User Tabletop Spatial Data Exploration”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1095055&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Press, New York, NY</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seattle, WA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119-122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supporting groups of individuals exploring large maps and design diagrams on interactive tabletops is still an open research problem. Today’s geospatial, mechanical engineering and CAD design applications are mostly single-user, keyboard and mouse-based desktop applications. In this paper, we present the design of and experience with DTLens, a new zoom-in-context, multiuser, two-handed, multi-lens interaction technique that enables group exploration of spatial data with multiple individual lenses on the same direct-touch interactive tabletop. DTLens provides a set of consistent interactions on lens operations, thus minimizes tool switching by users during spatial data exploration.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hancock, M.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Exploring Non-Speech Auditory Feedback at an Interactive Multi-User Tabletop”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on Graphics Interface</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM International Conference Proceedings Series, Volume 112</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria, British Columbia</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present two experiments on the use of non-speech audio at an interactive multi-touch, multiuser tabletop display. We first investigate the use of two categories of reactive auditory feedback: affirmative sounds that confirm user actions and negative sounds that indicate errors. Our results show that affirmative auditory feedback may improve one’s awareness of group activity at the expense of one’s awareness of his or her own activity. Negative auditory feedback may also improve group awareness, but simultaneously increase the perception of errors for both the group and the individual. In our second experiment, we compare two methods of associating sounds to invididuals in a co-located environment. Specifically, we compare localized sound, where each user has his or her own speaker, to coded sound, where users share one speaker, but the waveform of the sounds are vaired so that a different sound is played for each user. Results of this experiement reinforce the presence of tension between group awareness and individual focus found in the first experiment. User feedback suggests that users are more easily able to identify who caused a sound when either localized or coded sound is used, but that they are also more able to focus on their individual work. Our experiments show that, in general, auditory feedback can be used in co-located collaborative applications to support either individual work or group awareness, but not both simultaneously, depending on how it is presented.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esenther, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, M.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shipman, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“iDwidgets: Parameterizing Widgets by User Identity”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2005: IFIP TC13 International Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rome, Italy</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1124-1128</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We introduce the concept of identity-differentiating widgets(iDwidgets), widgets parameterized by the identity of their user. Although multi-user applications have become more common, most support only traditional “single-user” widgets. By adding user-identity information we allow interactions with today’s widgets to be dynamically customized on a per-user basis in a group usage setting. The concept has inspired the design of new widgets as well. In this paper we describe example iDwidgets and define a conceptual framework based on what is being customized in the widget.  iDwidgets can support novel interaction techniques in collaborative settings.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Under My Finger: Human Factors in Pushing and Rotating Documents Across the Table”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2005: IFIP TC13 International Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rome, Italy</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">994-997</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When passing a document to someone across a table, the person passing the document often rotates it to face the receiver. In this paper, we present the results of a user evaluation of three Push-and-Rotate schemes that offer different underlying control semantics for how an electronic document can automatically rotate as it is pushed across an interactive tabletop surface. The effects of document size are also discussed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tian, Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moghaddam, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, T.S.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">U. Srinivasan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Nepal</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visualization, Estimation and User-Modeling for Interactive Browsing of Personal Photo Libraries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing Multimedia Semantics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4760</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IRM Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hershey, PA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">193-222</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, M.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CSCW 2004 Conflict Resolution in Paper and Digital Worlds: Two Surveys of User Expectations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-10 Nov.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1031648&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago, IL</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We discuss the findings of two surveys, which presented respondents with a hypothetical situation regarding a conflict over either a paper or a digital document and solicited their free-form responses regarding possible outcomes of the situation. The results suggest conditions under which mechanisms to coordinate the outcome of such conflicts might be useful to include in groupware, as well as offering possibilities for what these mechanisms might be.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations of a Shared Tabletop User Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-10 Nov.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1031648&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE&amp;CFID=73988136&amp;CFTOKEN=37649975</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago, IL</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We discuss the findings of two surveys, which presented respondents with a hypothetical situation regarding a conflict over either a paper or a digital document and solicited their free-form responses regarding possible outcomes of the situation. The results suggest conditions under which mechanisms to coordinate the outcome of such conflicts might be useful to include in groupware, as well as offering possibilities for what these mechanisms might be.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ringel, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Release, Relocate, Reorient, Resize: Fluid Techniques for Document Sharing on Multi-User Interactive Tables&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-29 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=986085&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE&amp;CFID=73988136&amp;CFTOKEN=37649975</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna, Austria</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Group work frequently involves transitions between periods of active collaboration and periods of individual activity. We aim to support this typical work practice by introducing four tabletop direct-manipulation interaction techniques that can be used to transition the status of an electronic document from private to group-accessible. After presenting our four techniques – release, relocate, reorient, and resize – we discuss the results of an empirical study that compares and evaluates these mechanisms for sharing documents in a co-located tabletop environment.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ma, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao, H-R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“A New Multi-Path Selection Scheme for Video Streaming on Overlay Networks”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-24 Jun.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paris, France</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents a new multi-path selection scheme for video streaming on overlay networks. Our scheme uses an overlay network architecture that makes minimal assumptions about the knowledge of the underlying network. We first propose a new QoS metric link correlation and a path correlation model for multi-path selection problem. After discussing the tractability of minimal correlation multi-path selection problem, we present an efficient algorithm called correlation cost routing to select multi-path in overlay networks. The simulation results show that the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the transmitted multiple descriptions coding (MDC) video using our multi-path selection algorithm improves by up to 3.2 dB over maximally link-disjoint multi-path selection method. Furthermore our new algorithm is more efficient than previous methods since it shares the same complexity with Dijsktra algorithm.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volume 3, pp. 1330-1334
ISBN: 0-7803-8533-0 (Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICC.2004.1312728)</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, M.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Beyond Social Protocols: Multi-User Coordination Policies for Co-located Groupware”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of CSCW 2004</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1031648&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE&amp;CFID=73988136&amp;CFTOKEN=37649975</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago, IL</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">262-265</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The status quo for co-located groupware is to assume that ”social protocols” (standards of polite bhavior) are sufficient to coordinate the actions of a group of users; however, prior studies of groupware use as well as our own observations of groups using a shared tabletop display suggest potential for improving groupware interfaces by incorporating coordination policies - direct manipulation mechanisms for avoiding and resolving conflicts. We discuss our observations of group tabletop usage and present our coordination framework. We conclude with example usage scenarios and discuss future research suggested by this framework.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ringel, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“DiamondSpin: An Extensible Toolkit for Around-the-Table Interaction”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=985714&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Press, New York, NY</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vienna, Austria</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">167-174</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DiamondSpin is a toolkit for the efficient prototyping of and experimentation with multi-person, concurrent interfaces for interactive shared displays. In this paper, we identify the fundamental functionality that tabletop user interfaces should embody, then present the toolkit’s architecture and API. DiamondSpin provides a novel realtime polar to Cartesian transformation engine that has enabled new, around-the-table interaction metaphors to be implemented. DiamondSpin allows arbitrary document positioning and orientation on a tabletop surface. Polygonal tabletop layouts such as rectangular, octagonal, and circular tabletops can easily be constructed. DiamondSpin also supports multiple work areas within the same digital tabletop. Multi-user operations are offered through multithreaded input event streams, multiple active objects, and multiple concurrent menus. We also discuss insights on tabletop interaction issues we have observed from a set of applications built with DiamondSpin. </style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, M.R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Exploring the Effects of Group Size and Table Size on Interactions with Tabletop Shared-Display Groupware”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of CSCW 2004</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1031654&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Press, New York, NY</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago, IL</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">284-293</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive tabletops have been previously proposed and studied in the domain of co-located group applications. However, little fundamental research has been done to explore the issue of size. In this paper we identify a number of size considerations for tabletop design, and present an experiment to explore some of these issues, in particular the effects of group size and table size on the speed at which the task was performed, the distribution of work among group members, issues of shared resources, and user preference for table size. Our findings shed light on (1) how work strategies are affected by group size, (2) how social interaction varies with respect to table size, and (3) how the speed of task performance is influenced by group size but not by table size. In addition, our experiments revealed that for larger groups, designers might need to add additional vertical displays for shared information. This finding opens the door for extending singledisplay groupware to shared-display groupware settings that involve multiple, shared displays.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moghaddam, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tian, Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, T.S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Visualization and User-Modeling for Browsing Personal Photo Libraries&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Computer Vision</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109-130</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present a user-centric system for visualization and layout for content-based image retrieval. Image features (visual and/or semantic) are used to display retrievals as thumbnails in a 2-D spatial layout or “configuration” which conveys all pair-wise mutual similarities. A graphical optimization technique is used to provide maximally uncluttered and informative layouts. Moreover, a novel subspace feature weighting technique can be used to modify 2-D layouts in a variety of context-dependent ways. An efficient computational technique for subspace weighting and re-estimation leads to a simple user-modeling framework whereby the system can learn to display query results based on layout examples (or relevance feedback) as provided by the user. The resulting retrieval, browsing and visualization engine can adapt to the users’s (time-varying) notions of content, context and preferences in presentation style and interactive navigation. Monte Carlo simulations with machine-generated layouts as well as pilot user studies have demonstrated the ability of this framework to model or “mimic” users, by automatically generating layouts according to their preferences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1/3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao, H-R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gu, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlik, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dynamic Resource Control for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Wireless Channel</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW'03)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19-22 May.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/ICDCSW.2003.1203656</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Providence, RI</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is a challenging task to provide Quality of Service (QoS) control for a shared high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) wireless channel. In this paper, we first propose a new dynamic resource control framework integrated with adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) to support class-based multimedia applications over HSDPA wireless channels. Then we present a new scheduling algorithm, Delay-sensitive Dynamic Fair Queueing (DSDFQ), to meet delay requirements of multimedia applications as well as maintain high network efficiency. The proposed approach can easily adapt to load fluctuations of different traffic classes and varying wireless channel conditions caused by user mobility, fading and shadowing. Performance evaluation shows the advantage of our proposed approach.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao, H-R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun, M-T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;FGS Enhancement Layer Truncation with Minimized Intra-Frame Quality Variation&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper proposes an enhancement layer truncation scheme for the Fine-Granularity-Scalability (FGS) video. Our target is to minimize the quality variation of different parts within each frame when the last transmitted enhancement layer is truncated according to the available network bandwidth. This paper proposes an enhancement layer truncation scheme for the Fine-Granularity-Scalability (FGS) video. Our target is to minimize the quality variation of different parts within each frame when the last transmitted enhancement layer is truncated according to the available network bandwidth.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;Personal Digital Historian: Story Sharing Around The Table&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM Interactions</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=637856&amp;coll=Portal&amp;dl=GUIDE</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-22</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Everitt, K.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryall, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&quot;UbiTable: Impromptu Face-to-Face Collaboration on Horizontal Interactive Surfaces&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">UbiComp 2003: The Fifth International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ubicomp.org/ubicomp2003/program.html?show=paper_technote_abstract&amp;id=124</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seattle, WA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-288</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the mobility enabled by the plethora of technological tools such as laptops, PDA and cell phones, horizontal flat surfaces are still extensively used and much preferred for on-the-move face-to-face collaboration. Unfortunately, when digital documents need to be shared during collaboration, people are still mostly constrained to display surfaces that have been designed for single users, such as laptops and PDAs. Technologically there is a lack of computational support for shared digital document access, browsing, visualization and manipulation on horizontal surfaces. We believe support for such serendipitous meetings will play a critical role in future ubiquitous computing spaces. Our UbiTable project examines the design space of tabletops used as scrap displays. Scrap displays support kiosk-style walk-up interaction for impromptu face-to-face collaboration. Our design offers the affordances of a physical table. It provides the flexibility by allowing users to layout shared documents with desired orientation and position; at the same time it augments traditional paper-based interactions by providing a flexible gradient or shades of sharing semantics. UbiTable addresses visual accessibility vs. electronic accessibility of documents, an issue which is critical to ubiquitous environments.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forlines, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frost, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharing and Building Digital Group Histories</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16-20 Nov.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Orleans, LA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organizations, families, institutions evolve a shared culture and history. In this work, we describe a system to facilitate conversation and storytelling about this collective past. Users explore digital archives of shared materials such as photographs, video, and text documents on a tabletop interface. Both the software and the interface encourage natural conversation and reflection. This work is an application of our ongoing research on systems for multiple, co-present users to explore digital collections. In this paper, we present a case study of our own group history along with the software extensions developed for this scenario. These extensions include methods for easily branching off from and returning to previous threads of the exploration, incorporating background contexts that support a variety of view points and flexible story sharing, and supporting the active and passive discovery of relevant information.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fohler, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Providing Real-Times Services for COTS Components</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building Reliable Component-Based Software Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.artechhouse.com/Building-Reliable-Component-Based-Software-Systems/b/741.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artech House Publishers</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boston | London</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">281-298</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernier, F.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Visualization Techniques for Circular Tabletop Interfaces”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of AVI'2002</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trento, Italy</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257-263</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents visualization and layout schemes for a multi-person conversational setting.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moghaddam, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beardsley, P.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bardsley, R.S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Personal Digital Historian: User Interface Design”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHI '01 Design Expo, Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31 Mar - 5 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACM</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seattle, WA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desktop computers are not designed for multi-person face-to-face conversation in a social setting.  We describe the design of a novel user interface for multi-user interactive informal storytelling.  Our design is guided by principles of experience sharing, the disappearing computer, visual navigation, and implicit query formulation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moghaddam, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tian, Q.N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lesh, N.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, T.S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visualization and Layout for Personal Photo Libraries</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-20 Sept.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brescia, Italy</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we present visualization and layout algorithms that can enhance informal storytelling using personal digital data such as photos in a face-to-face social setting.  In order to build a more intuitive browser for retrieval, navigation and story-telling, we introduce a novel optimized layout technique for large image sets which respects (context sensitive) mutual similarities as visualized on a shared 2-D display (a table-top). The experimental results show a more perceptually intuitive and informative visualization of traditional CBIR-based retrievals, providing not only a better understanding of the query context but also aiding the user in forming new queries. A framework for user-modeling is also introduced and tested. This allows the system to adapt to the user's preferences and relevance feedback.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shin, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">“Adaptive-Weighted Packet Scheduling for Premium Service”</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-4 Jun.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helsinki, Finland</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents a new scheduling scheme to support premium service in the Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture. It is based on weighted packet scheduling policies such as weighted round robin or fair queuing. The key feature of the new scheduling scheme is to change the scheduling weights of Behavior Aggregates adaptively. By adaptively adjusting the weights according to the dynamics of the average queue size of premium service, the proposed scheme can achieve low loss rate, low delay and delay jitter for the premium service. Moreover, it requires neither rigid admission control nor accurate traffic conditioning to support premium service in the DiffServ architecture. This adaptive packet scheduling is shown to absorb the transient burstiness of the Expedited Forwarding (EF) aggregate — which is caused by the traffic distortion inside the network —without incurring packet loss or increasing the queuing delay.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chung, S-T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CReMeS: A CORBA Compliant Reflective Memory Based Real-Time Communication Service</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2000)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present CReMeS, a CORBA-compliant design and implementation of a new real-time communication service. It provides for efficient, predictable, and scalable communication between information producers and consumers. The CReMeS architecture is based on MidART’s Real-Time Channel-based Reflective Memory (RT-CRM) abstraction. This architecture supports the separation of QoS specification between producer and consumer of data and employs a userlevel scheduling scheme for communicating real-time tasks. These help us achieve end-to-end predictability and allows our service to scale. The CReMeS architecture provides a CORBA interface to applications and demands no changes to the ORB layer and the language mapping layer. Thus, it can run on non real-time Off-The-Shelf ORBs and enables applications on these ORBs to have scalable and end-to-end predictable asynchronous communication facility. In addition, an application designer can select whether to use an out-of-band channel or the ORB GIOP/IIOP for data communication. This permits a trade-off between performance, predictability and reliability. Experimental results demonstrate that our architecture can achieve better performance and predictability than a real-time implementation of the CORBA Event Service when the out-of-band channel is employed for data communication; it delivers better predictability with comparable performance when the ORB GIOP/IIOP is used. </style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RT-CRM: Real-Time Channel-Based Reflective Memory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Transactions on Computers</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1202-1214</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we propose and present Real-Time Channel-based Reflective Memory (RT-CRM) – a new programming model and middleware communication service for constructing distributed real-time applications on commercially available open systems. RT-CRM provides remote realtime data reflection abstraction using a simple writer-push model. This writer-push approach enables us to easily decouple the QoS characteristics of the writers from that of the readers. This decoupling is crucial in supporting different kinds of remote data transfer and access needs that one often finds in distributed real-time systems. We will describe the design of RT-CRM, along with a set of easy-to-use API to access the RT-CRM service. We have implemented RT-CRM as part of a larger real-time middleware project, MidART.We address many of the important implementation issues including buffer management and QoS support. We demonstrate the feasibility of RT-CRM through a discussion of our application programming support and performance data.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">User Level Scheduling of Communicating Real-Time Tasks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unique challenges are present when one tries to build distributed real-time applications using standard o-the-shelf systems which are in common use but are not necessarily designed specifically for real-time systems. In particular, to realize end-to-end predictability when, say, a process on one node sends data to a process on another node, several issues must be addressed: (1) mapping application real-time requirements into requirements imposed on the system schedulable entities (tasks), (2) ensuring predictable execution of the tasks in the face of possible priority inversions, limited OS level real-time scheduling support, and limited number of priorities, and (3) integrating real-time and non-real-time tasks in the same platform. In this paper, we propose solutions to these challenges. In particular, we present user-level scheduling schemes for communicating tasks. These solutions are practical and are based on simple primitives that can be found in most of today's commonly used operating systems. To validate our design and to examine the feasibility of user-level scheduling in actual systems, we have implemented our solutions in MidART running on PCs with Windows NT operating system over UDP/IP and Fast Ethernet LANs. This paper contributes to further our understanding of how to build real-time systems using commercially available o-the-shelf components.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ackermann, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bromley, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeMaso, D.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibson, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez-Heydrich, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marks, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Umaschi, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experience Journals: Using Computers to Share Personal Stories about Illness and Medical Intervention</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of MedInfo '98: 9th World Congress on Medical Informatics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seoul, Korea</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1325-1329</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medical advances make it increasingly possible for children with previously fatal illness to live and thrive. However, a significant number still experience repeated operations, hospitalizations, and invasive procedures, or need special care at home. Many do so with little or no intervention to help them and their families cope with the emotional stresses involved. One significant source of emotional and cognitive support is the community of patients and families who have experienced similar medical procedures. However, in spite of a general willingness to share experiences, communication among patients and families is usually limited. To facilitate this process, we are investigating the use of computer technology to record, organize, and display stories about the experiences of families with children who have been treated for cardiac and neurological illness at Children’s Hospital, Boston. We are asking children and their families to record text and multimedia vignettes describing some aspect of their illness, coping strategies, or care that might be useful to others. These contributions will be available for browsing at a secure World-Wide-Web site. However, economic realities preclude reliance on a professional site administrator to organize and monitor what we hope to be a rapidly growing Web site with a large, distributed authorship. The need to make the Web site fully accessible to users who have varying familiarity with computers and Web browsing imposes further constraints. We are therefore developing software to automate the process of managing and organizing an easily accessed Web site that contains an “Experience Journal.” We describe this software, the rationale for its development, and our plans for its use in the coming year.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Real-Time Communicating Tasks on COTS-Based Distributed Platforms: Task Models and End-to-End Scheduling</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrid, Spain</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper describes our current work on scheduling communicating real-time tasks in a distributed environment. Unique challenges are presented when one tries to build distributed realtime applications using standard off-the-shelf systems which are in common use but are not necessarily designed for real-time systems. In particular, one must deal with (1) mapping application real-time requirements into system schedulable entities, (2) end-to-end scheduling in the face of possible priority inversion, (3) limited real-time scheduling support and limited number of priorities, and (4) integrating real-time and non-real-time tasks in the same platform. Due to space limitations, this paper focuses on solving the first two challenges. The complete solution will be presented in a forthcoming paper. We have implemented these solutions in our network middleware MidART running on PCs with Windows NT operating system over Ethernet LANs.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sen, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shirgurkar, S.B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using Windows NT for Real-Time Applications: Experimental Observations and Recommendations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Denver, Colorado</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Windows NT was not designed as a real-time operating system, but market forces and the acceptance of NT in industrial applications have generated a need for achieving real-time functionality with NT. As its use for real-time applications proliferates, based on an experimental evaluation of NT, we quantitatively characterize the obstacles placed by NT. As a result of these observations, we provide a set of recommendations for users to consider while building real-time applications on NT. These are validated by the use of NT for a prototype application involving real-time control that includes multimedia information processing. The results of the above study should provide system designers with guidelines, as well as insight, into the design of an architecture based on NT for supporting applications with components having real-time constraints.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takegaki, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementation and Performance of MidART</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Middleware for Distributed Real-Time Systems and Services</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Francisco, CA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we describe our experience in the implementation of MidART – Middleware and network Architecture for distributed Real-Time systems. Our MidART project addresses the problem of middleware design to support high speed network based distributed real-time applications.  The uniqueness of MidART lies in the simplicity of services provided and the flexibility of data reflection models, compared with more general purpose but much more complicated middleware such as CORBA implementations. This simplicity leads to ease of understanding and ease of use by application builders, while its flexibility sufficiently serves the needs of the class of real-time applications MidART is designed for. </style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sen, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stankovic, J.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takegaki, M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sang Son, Kwei-Jay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azer Bestavros</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multimedia Capabilities in Distributed Real-Time Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Real-Time Database Systems: Issues and Applications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springer.com/computer/communication+networks/book/978-0-7923-9897-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, USA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105-122</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RT-CRM: Real-Time Channel-Based Reflective Memory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the Third IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montreal, Canada</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239-251</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we propose and present Real-Time Channel-based Reflective Memory (RT-CRM) – a useful programming model and middleware communication service for constructing distributed real-time industrial monitoring and control applications on commercially available open systems. RT-CRM provides remote real-time data reflection abstraction using a simple writer-push model. This writer-push approach enables us to easily decouple the QoS characteristics of the writers from that of the readers. This decoupling is crucial in supporting different kinds of remote data transfer and access needs that one often finds in distributed industrial systems. We will describe the design of RT-CRM, along with a set of easy-to-use API to access the RT-CRM service. We have implemented RT-CRM as part of a larger real-time middleware project, MidART. We address many of the important implementation issues including buffer management and QoS support. We demonstrate the feasiblity of RT-CRM through a discussion of our application programming support and preliminary performance data.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takegaki, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middleware for Distributed Industrial Real-Time Systems on ATM Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS '96)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, DC</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32-38</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper we address the problem of middleware design for constructing ATM LAN based distributed industrial plant monitoring and control systems. In particular, we present a real-time client-server programming model based on a uniform ATM network. This model is being realized in our middleware called MidART. The middleware provides a set of industrial application specic but network transparent programming abstractions and application programming interface (API) that support individual application QoS requirements. In order to achieve on-demand transmission of plant data, we have developed a concept called selective real-time channels to be supported by MidART. We present the design and protocols of selective real-time channels and describe how QoS requirements of applications are guaranteed.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goyal, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vin, H.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shenoy, P.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Reliable, Adaptive Network Protocol For Video Transport</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '96</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=493051</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Francisco, CA</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1080 - 1090</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present an adaptive network layer protocol for VBR video transport. It: (1) minimizes the buffer requirement in the network while guaranteeing that packets of VBR encoded video flows will not be lost, and (2) minimizes the end-to-end delay and jitter of frames. To achieve the former objective, we utilize a receiver-oriented adaptive credit-based flow control algorithm, and derive the necessary and sufficient number of buffers that should be reserved for ensuring its reliability. To minimize the end-to-end delay and jitter for VBR encoded video streams, we: (1) present bandwidth estimation techniques which exploit the structure of the video traffic, and (2) define a new fairness criteria for buffer allocation and then present a fair buffer/bandwidth allocation algorithm. We experimentally evaluate this protocol for a wide range of parameters and many network configurations, and demonstrate its adaptability. We also compare the performance of the protocol with numerous other schemes and demonstrate its suitability for video transport.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lauer, H.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Osborne, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howard, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Takegaki, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shimakawa, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mizunuma, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Digital Audio and Video in Industrial Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOSSDAV '95: The Fifth International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-22 Apr.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durham, New Hampshire</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This is a position paper discussing the requirements of networks in industrial environments, especially with respect to digital audio and video. Topics include resource allocation, issues surrounding switching, scheduling, and priorities, end system interface requirements, and traffic characteristics and their implications on flow control.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, D.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrus, J.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howard, J.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waters, R.C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building Multi-User Interactive Multimedia Environments at MERL</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE MultiMedia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-82</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building multi-user interactive multimedia environments at Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) is a highly interdisciplinary activity, which involves the efforts of more than a dozen members of the laboratory. This report describes this research at three levels. At the bottom, supporting everything, are high-speed networks. On top of networks, we have built a piece of middleware called Spline. Finally, Diamond Park is an experimental environment we are building using Spline.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>19</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stankovic, J.A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resource Reclaiming in Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1993</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=219754</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">382-397</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Most real-time scheduling algorithms schedule tasks with regard to their worst case computation times. Resources reclaiming refers to the problem of utilizing the resources left unused by a task when it executes in less than its worst case computation time, or when a task is deleted from the current schedule. Dynamic resource reclaiming algorithms that are effective, avoid any run time anomalies, and have bounded overhead costs that are independent of the number of tasks in the schedule are presented. Each task is assumed to have a worst case computation time, a deadline, and a set of resource requirements. The algorithms utilize the information given in a multiprocessor task schedule and perform online local optimization. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated through simulation studies.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molesky, L.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramamritham, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stankovic, J.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zlokapa, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Implementing a Predictable Real-Time Multiprocessor Kernel -- The Spring Kernel</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Seventh IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Operating Systems and Software</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10-11 May.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charlottesville, VA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molesky, L.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zlokapa, G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictable Synchronization Mechanisms for Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Journal of Real-Time Systems</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictability is of paramount concern for hard real-time systems. In one approach to predictability, every aspect of a real-time system and every primitive provided by the underlying operating system must be bounded and predictable in order to achieve overall predictability. In this paper, we describe several concurrency control synchronization mechanisms developed for a next generation multiprocessor real-time kernel, the Spring Kernel. The important features of these mechanisms include semaphore support for mutual exclusion with linear waiting and bounded resource usage, termed strong semaphores. Three, more efficient, strong semaphore solutions are proposed in this paper. Two of them are based on the main theorem of the paper, the Deferred Bus theorem. These two solutions can either be implemented in hardware or software. The third solution, a pure software solution, is an extension to the existing Burns' algorithm. A performance comparison and a complexity analysis in terms of time, space and bus traffic are presented.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurose, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shen, C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genesis: A Graphical Environment for the Modeling and Performance Analysis of Protocols in Multiple Access Networks</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceeedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC '86, Integrating the World Through Communications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22-25 Jun.</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IEEE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toronto, Canada</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">222-227</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>