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White, K., Haas, J., & Williams, D. R. (2012). Elucidating the Role of Place in Health Care Disparities: The Example of Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation. Health Services Research, 47(3 Pt 2), 1278-99.\par \par Williams, D. R., Kontos, E. Z., Viswanath, K., Haas, J. S., Lathan, C. S., MacConaill, L. E., Chen, J., et al. (2012). Integrating Multiple Social Statuses in Health Disparities Research: The Case of Lung Cancer. Health Services Research, 47(3 Pt 2), 1255-77.\par \par Tafawa, A., Viswanath, K., Kawachi, I., & Williams, D. R. (2012). Mass Media Exposure, Social Stratification and Tobacco Consumption Among Nigerian Adults. Cancer Causes Control, 23(Suppl 1), 45-55.\par \par Gupta, J., Kelly, J. T. D., Stein, D. J., & Williams, D. R. (2012). Men?s Exposure to Human Rights Violations and Relationships with Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in South Africa.. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(6), e2.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2012). Miles to go before we Sleep: Racial Inequities in Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 53(3), 279-295.\par \par Dallo, F. J., Schwartz, K., Ruterbusch, J., Booza, J., & Williams, D. R. (2012). Mortality Rates among Arab Americans in Michigan. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14(2), 236-41.\par \par McLaughlin, K. A., Gadermann, A. M., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L. H., Angermeyer, M. C., et al. (2012). Parent Psychopathology and Offspring Mental Disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(4), 290-9.\par \par Williams, D. R., Haile, R., Mohammed, S. A., Herman, A., Sonnega, J., Jackson, J. S., & Stein, D. J. (2012). Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in the U.S. and South Africa. Ethnicity and Health, 17(1-2), 111-33.\par \par Kim, S. S., & Williams, D. R. (2012). Perceived Discrimination and Self-Rated Health in South Korea: A Nationally Representative Survey. PLoS ONE, 7(1), e30501.\par \par van Pletzen, E., Stein, D., Seedat, S., Williams, D. R., & Myer, L. (2012). Recall of Early Non-Fatal Suicidality in a Nationally Representative Sample of South Africans. Ethnicity and Health, 17(1-2), 149-59.\par \par Sterthal, M. J., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Buck, A. C. (2012). Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Mental Health: Variations across Race and Ethnicity. Ethnicity and Health, 17(1-2), 171-85.\par \par Williams, D. R., John, D., Oyserman, D., Sonnega, J., Mohammed, S. A., & Jackson, J. S. (2012). Research on Discrimination and Health: An Exploratory Study of Unresolved Conceptual and Measurement Issues. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 975-8.\par \par Subramanyam, M. A., Diez-Roux, A. V., Hickson, D. A., Sapong, D. F., Sims, M., Jr., T. H. A., Williams, D. R., et al. (2012). Subjective Social Status and Psychosocial and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Social Science Medicine, 74(8), 1146-54.\par \par Leung, C. W., Williams, D. R., & Villamor, E. (2012). Very Low Food Security Predicts Obesity Predominantly in California Hispanic Men and Women. Public Health Nutrition, 2, 1-9.\par \par Sorsdahl, K., Stein, D., Williams, D. R., & Nock, M. (2011). Associations Between Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behavior in South Africa. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199(12), 928-33.\par \par Bruwer, B., Sorsdahl, K., Harrison, J., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2011). Barriers to Mental Health Care and Predictors of  Treatment Dropout in the South African Stress and Health Study. Psychiatric Services, 62(7), 774-81.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Marks, J. (2011). Community Development Efforts Offer a Major Opportunity to Advance Americans? Health. Health Affairs, 30(11), 2052-5.\par \par Reeve, B. B., Willis, G., Shariff-Marco, S. N., Breen, N., Williams, D. R., Gee, G. C., Alegria, M., et al. (2011). Comparing cognitive interviewing and psychometric methods to evaluate a racial/ethnic discrimination scale. Field Methods, 23(4), 397-419.\par \par Bromet, E., Andrade, L. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2011). Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Medicine, 9, 90.\par \par Rooks, R., Xu, Y., Holliman, B., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Discrimination and Mental Health among Black and White Adults in the YES Health study. Race and Social Problems, 3(3), 182-96.\par \par Malat, J., Timberlake, J. M., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The Effects of Obama?s Political Success on the Self-rated Health of Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites. Ethnicity and Disease, 21(3), 349-55.\par \par Moore, D. J., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Emotional Distress About Weight Gain and Attitude to Goal Achievement Failure as Predictors of Self-Regulatory Efficacy: Does Ethnicity Make a Difference. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(6), 895-904.\par \par Krieger, N., Waterman, P. D., Kosheleva, A., Chen, J. T., Carney, D. R., Smith, K. W., Bennett, G. G., et al. (2011). Exposing Racial Discrimination: Implicit & Explicit Measures-The My Body, My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black & White Community Health Center Members. PLoS One, 6(11), e27636.\par \par Gass, J. D., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2011). Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(14), 2764-89.\par \par Miller, W. D., Pollack, C. E., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Healthy Homes and Communities: Putting the Pieces Together. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(Suppl 1), S48-57.\par \par Sorsdahl, K., Slopen, N., Siefert, K., Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Household food insufficiency and mental health in South Africa. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(5), 426-31.\par \par Albert, M. A., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Invited commentary: Discrimination: an emerging target for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease?. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173(11), 1240-1243.\par \par Viruell-Fuentes, E. A., Morenoff, J. D., Williams, D. R., & House, J. S. (2011). Language of Interview, Self-Rated Health, and the Other Latino Health Puzzle. American Journal of Public Health, 101(7), 1306-1313.\par \par Khasakhala, L., Sorsdahl, K. R., Harder, V. S., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., & Ndetai, D. M. (2011). Lifetime Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behaviour in South Africa. African Journal of Psychiatry, 14(2), 134-139.\par \par Shariff-Marco, S., Breen, N., Landrine, H., Reeve, B. B., Krieger, N., Gee, G. C., Williams, D. R., et al. (2011). Measuring Everyday Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Health Surveys. Du Bois Review, 8(1), 159-177.\par \par Mujahid, M. S., Roux, D. A. V., Cooper, R. C., Shea, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Neighborhood Stressors and Race/Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). American Journal of Hypertension, 24(2), 187-93.\par \par Takeuchi, D. T., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Past Insights, Future Promises: Race and Health in the Twenty-First Century. Du Bois Review, 8(1), 1-3.\par \par Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. E. (2011). Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders.. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444-52.\par \par Myers, B., van Heerden, M. S., Grimsrud, A., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., & Stein, D. J. (2011). Prevalence and Correlates of Atypical Patterns of Drug Use Progression: Findings from the South African Stress and Health Study. African Journal of Psychiatry, 14(1), 38-44.\par \par Temmingh, H., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The Prevalence and Correlates of Hallucinations in a General Population Sample: Findings from the South African Stress and Health Study. African Journal of Psychiatry, 14(3), 211-7.\par \par Andersen, L. S., Grimsrud, A., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2011). The Psychometric Properties of the K10 and K6 Scales in Screening for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the South African Stress and Health Study.. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 20(4), 215-23.\par \par Sternthal, M., Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Racial Disparities in Health: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?. Du Bois Review, 8(1), 95-113.\par \par Woo, M., Austin, S. B., Williams, D. R., & Bennett, G. G. (2011). Reconceptualizing the Measurement of Multiracial Status for Health Research in the United States. Du Bois Review, 8(1), 25-36.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2011). Scientific Research on the Study of Religion/Spirituality and Mental Health:  Lessons, Positive Affirmations, and Disquieting Questions. In A Christian Worldview & Mental Health (p. 185-208). Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press.\par \par Slopen, N., Williams, D. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Gilman, S. E. (2011). Sex, Stressful Life Events, and Adult Onset Depression and Alcohol Dependence: Are Men and Women Equally Vulnerable. Social Science Medicine, 73(4), 615-22.\par \par Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 381-98.\par \par Lavizzo-Mourey, R., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Strong Medicine for a Healthier America: Introduction. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(Suppl 1), S1-3.\par \par Factor, R., Kawachi, I., & Williams, D. R. (2011). Understanding High-Risk Behavior among Non-Dominant Minorities: A Social Resistance Framework. Social Science & Medicine, 73(9), 1292-301.\par \par Slopen, N., Williams, D. R., Seedat, S., Moomal, H., Herman, A., & Stein, D. J. (2010). Adversities in childhood and adult psychopathology in the South Africa Stress and Health Study: Associations with first-onset DSM-IV disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 1847-54.\par \par Bruce, M. A., Beech, B. M., Crook, E. D., Sims, M., Wyatt, S. B., Flessner, M. F., Taylor, H. A., et al. (2010). Association of Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Kidney Disease among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 55(6), 1001-8.\par \par Levinson, D., Lakoma, M., Petukhova, M., Schoenbaum, M., Zaslavsky, A. M., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., et al. (2010). The associations of serious mental illness with earnings in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(2), 114-21.\par \par Williams, D. R., McClellan, M., & Rivlin, A. M. (2010). Beyond the Affordable Care Act: Achieving Real Improvements in America?s Health. Health Affairs, 29(8), 1481-8.\par \par Kessler, K. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Greif-Green, J., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., Aguilar-Gaxiola, A., et al. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(5), 378-85.\par \par Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., Borges, G., et al. (2010). Childhood Adversities as Risk Factors for Onset and Persistence of Suicidal Behaviour. PLoS ONE, 5(5), e10574.\par \par Bruffaerts, E., Demyttenaere, K., Borges, G., Haro, J. M., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Karam, E. G., et al. (2010). Childhood Adversities as Risk Factors for Onset and Persistence of Suicidal Behaviour. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(1), 20-7.\par \par Sternthal, M. J., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Campbell, A. (2010). Depression, Anxiety, and Religious Life: A Search for Mediators. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(3), 343-59.\par \par Gonzalez, H., Vega, W., Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H., Tarraf, W., & West, B. (2010). Depression Care in the United States: Too little for too few. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(1), 37-46.\par \par Tynes, B. M., Rose, C. A., & Williams, D. R. (2010). The Development and Validation of the Online Victimization Scale for Adolescents. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 4(2), 1-15.\par \par Suliman, S., Stein, D. J., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010). Disability and Treatment of Psychiatric and Physical Disorders in South Africa. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(1), 8-15.\par \par Slopen, N., Lewis, T. T., Gruenewald, T. L., Mujahid, M. S., Ryff, C. D., Albert, M. A., & Wiliams, D. R. (2010). Early Life Adversity and Inflammation in African Americans and Whites in the Midlife in the United States Survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(7), 694-701.\par \par Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R. (2010). Improving the Health of Young Men and Boys of Color. In E. C.  Jr. & de Velasco, R. J., Changing Places:  How Communities Will Improve the Health of Boys of Color (p. 311-57). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.\par \par Gass, J. D., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2010). Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among South African women. South African Medical Journal, 100(9), 582-585.\par \par Panapasa, S. V., Mau, M. K., Williams, D. R., & McNally, J. W. (2010). Mortality Patterns of Native Hawaiians Across Their Lifespan: 1990-2000. American Journal of Public Health, 100(11), 2304-10.\par \par Finlayson, T. L., Williams, D. R., Siefert, K., Jackson, J. S., & Nowjack-Raymer, R. (2010). Oral Health Disparities: Self-Rated Oral Health and Its Psychosocial Correlates in the National Survey of American Life. American Journal of Public Health.\par \par Betancourt, T. S., Agnew-Blais, J., Gilman, S. E., Williams, D. R., & Ellis, B. H. (2010). Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 17-26.\par \par Surkan, P. J., Mukerjee, J. S., Williams, D. R., Eustache, E., Louis, E., Jean-Paul, T., W., L., et al. (2010). Perceived discrimination and stigma towards children affected by HIV/AIDS and their HIV-positive caregivers in central Haiti. AIDS Care, 22(7), 803-15.\par \par Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. (2010). Poverty, Food Insecurity and the Risk for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444-52.\par \par Suliman, S., Seedat, S., Williams, D. R., & Stein, D. J. (2010). Predictors of Transitions across Stages of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in South Africa. Journal on Studies of Alcohol and Drugs, 71(5), 695-703.\par \par Williams, D. R., Marks, J., & Leavell, J. P. (2010). Race and Mental Health: Patterns and Challenges. In T. L.  Scheid & Brown, T. N., A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health (p. 268-290). New York: Cambridge University Press.\par \par Jackson, P. B., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., Herman, A., Williams, S. L., & Redmond, D. L. (2010). Race and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study. Journal of Health and Science Behavior, 51(4), 458-77.\par \par Jackson, P. B., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., Herman, A., Williams, S. L., & Redmond, D. L. (2010). Race and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study. Journal of Health and Science Behavior, 51(4), 458-77.\par \par Boykin, S. D., & Williams, D. R. (2010). Race, Ethnicity, and Health in a Global Context. In A.  Steptoe, Handbook of Behavioral Medicine: Methods and Applications (p. 321-339). New York: Springer.\par \par Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S. A., Leavell, J., & Collins, C. (2010). Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Complexities, Ongoing Challenges and Research Opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 69-101.\par \par Braveman, P., Cublin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., & Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: What can we learn from the patterns?. American Journal of Public Health.\par \par Stein, D. J., Ruscio, A. M., Lee, S., Petukhova, M., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H. S. G., Benjet, C., et al. (2010). Subtyping Social Anxiety Disorder in Developed and Developing Countries. Depression and Anxiety, 27(4), 390-403.\par \par Borges, G., Nock, M. K., Kessler, R. C., Abad, J. M. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., et al. (2010). Twelve Month Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(12), 1617-28.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Sternthal, M. (2010). Understanding Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contribution. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(Suppl), S15-27.\par \par Hunte, H., & Williams, D. R. (2009). The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population Based Multiracial/Ethnic Adult Sample. American Journal of Public Health, 99(7), 1285-1292.\par \par Earl, T. R., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Black Americans and Mental Health Status: Complexities and New Developments. In N.  Helen A., Brendesha M., T., & Shawn O., U., Handbook of African American Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. .\par \par Friedman, E. M., Williams, D. R., Singer, B. H., & Ryff, C. D. (2009). Chronic discrimination predicts higher circulating levels of E-selectin in a national sample: the MIDUS study. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 23, 684-692.\par \par Baker, R. B., H.A., W., Olakanmi, O., Savitt, T. L., Jacobs, E. A., Hoover, E., Wynia, M. K., et al. (2009). Creating a segregated medical profession: African American physicians and organized medicine, 1846-1910. Journal of the National Medical Association, 101(6), 501-12.\par \par M.K., N., I., H., N., S., R.C., K., M., A., A., B., G., B., et al. (2009). Cross-national analysis of the associations among mental disorders and suicidal behavior: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. PLoS Med, 6(8), e1000123.\par \par Seedat, S., Scott, K, M., Angermeyer, M. C., Berglund, P., Bromet, E. J., Brugha, T. S., Demyttenaere, K., et al. (2009). Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(7), 785-789.\par \par Krieger, N., Emmons, K. M., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Defining, Investigating and Addressing Cancer Inequities: Critical Issues. In H. K.  Koh, Toward the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (p. 3-29). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.\par \par Sims, M., Wyatt, S. B., Gutierrez, M. S., Taylor, H. S., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Development and psychometric testing of a multidimensional instrument of perceived discrimination among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Ethnicity & Disease, 19(1), 56-64.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health: Evidence and Needed Research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32, 20-47.\par \par Myer, L., Stein, D. J., Grimsrud, A. T., Herman, A., Seedat, S., Moomal, H., & Williams, D. R. (2009). DSM-IV-defined common mental disorders: Association with HIV testing, HIV-related fears, perceived risk and preventive behaviours among South African adults. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 396-402.\par \par Tomlinson, M., Grimsrud, A. T., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Myer, L. (2009). The epidemiology of major depression in South Africa: Results from the South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 368-373.\par \par Buck, A. C., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Sternthal, M. A. (2009). An Examination of Mediators in the Relationship between Religiosity, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension. Social Science and Medicine, 68(2), 314-22.\par \par Myer, L., Stein, D. J., Jackson, P. B., Herman, A. A., Seedat, S., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Impact of common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence on secondary school completion. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 354-356.\par \par Fincham, D., Grimsrud, A., Corrigall, J., Williams, D. R., Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., & Myer, L. (2009). Intermittent Explosive Disorder in South Africa: Prevalence, Correlates, and the Role of Traumatic Exposures. Psychopathology, 42(2), 92-8.\par \par Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Jackson, P. B., Heeringa, S. G., Williams, D. R., & Myer, L. (2009). Life stress and mental disorders in the South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 375-382.\par \par Lee, S., Tsang, A., Breslau, J., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., Bromet, E., et al. (2009). Mental disorders and failure of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 411-417.\par \par Myer, L., Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Moomal, H., & Williams, D. R. (2009). The mental health impact of AIDS-related mortality in South Africa: A national study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(4), 293-8.\par \par Seedat, S., Williams, D. R., Herman, A. A., Moomal, H., Williams, S. L., Jackson, P. B., Myer, L., et al. (2009). Mental health service use among South Africans for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 346-352.\par \par Shariff-Marco, S., Gee, G. C., Breen, N., Willis, G., Reeve, B. B., Grant, D., Ponce, N. A., et al. (2009). A Mixed-Methods Approach to Developing a Self-Reported Racial Ethnic Discrimination Measure for Use in Multiethnic Health Surveys. Ethnicity & Disease, 19(Autumn), 447-453.\par \par van Heerden, M. S., Grimsrud, A. T., Seedat, S., Myer, L., Williams, D. R., & Stein, D. J. (2009). Patterns of substance use in South Africa: Results from the South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 358-366.\par \par Moomal, H., Jackson, P. B., Stein, D. J., Herman, A., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Madela-Mntla, E., et al. (2009). Perceived discrimination and mental health disorders: The South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 383-389.\par \par Stein, D. J., Williams, S. L., Jackson, P. B., Seedat, S., Myer, L., Herman, A., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Perpetration of gross human rights violations in South Africa: Association with psychiatric disorders. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 390-395.\par \par Boardman, J. D., L., D., Jackson, J. S., J.B., M., Saint Onge, J. M., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Proximate industrial activity and psychological distress. Population and Environment, 30(1-2), 3-25.\par \par H.A., W., Baker, R. B., Olakanmi, O., Savitt, T. L., Jacobs, E. A., Hoover, E., Wynia, M. K., et al. (2009). Segregation, civil rights, and health disparities: the legacy of African American physicians and organized medicine, 1910-1968. Journal of the National Medical Association, 101(6), 513-27.\par \par Williams, D. R., Sternthal, M., & Wright, R. J. (2009). Social Determinants: Taking the Social Context of Asthma Seriously. Pediatrics, 123, S174-S184.\par \par Bruce, M. A., Beech, B. M., Sims, M., T.N., B., H.A., T., Williams, D. R., & Crook, E. (2009). Social Environment, Psychosocial Factors and Renal Disease among African Americans. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 57(4), 583-9.\par \par Bruce, M., Beech, B., Sims, M., Brown, T., Wyatt, S., Taylor, H., Williams, D. R., et al. (2009). Social Environmental Stressors, Psychological Factors, and Kidney Disease. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 57(4).\par \par Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). The South African Stress and Health (SASH) study: A scientific base for mental health policy. South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 337-344.\par \par Herman, A. A., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Heeringa, S., & Moomal, H. (2009). The South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). South African Medical Journal, 99(5), 339-344.\par \par Hart, J., & Williams, D. R. (2009). Toward Health Equity ? The Costs of U.S. Health Disparities. Altarum Institute Research Report 2009, 39-49.\par \par Sorsdahl, K., Stein, D., Grimsrud, A., Seedat, S., Flisher, A., Williams, D. R., & L., M. (2009). Traditional Healers in the Treatment of Common Mental Disorders in South Africa. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(6), 434-41.\par \par Gonzalez, H. M., Croghan, T. W., West, B. T., Tarraf, W., Williams, D. R., Underwood, W., Nesse, R., et al. (2008). Antidepressant use Among Blacks and Whites in the US. Psychiatric Services, 59, 1131-1138.\par \par Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson-Rose, S. A. (2008). The association of forgiveness and 12-month prevalence of major depressive episode: Gender differences in a probability sample of U.S. adults. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 11(5), 485-500.\par \par Nock, M. K., Guilherme, B., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., Bruffaerts, R., et al. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. British Journal of Psychiatry, 92, 98-105.\par \par Ormel, J., Petukhova, M., Chatterji, S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Bromet, E., et al. (2008). Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(5), 368-375.\par \par Suliman, S., D.J., S., Williams, D. R., & Seedat, S. (2008). DSM-IV Personality Disorders and their Axis 1 Correlates in the South African Population. Psychopathology, 41(6), 356-64.\par \par Stein, D., Seedat, S., Kaminer, D., Moomal, H., Herman, A., Sonnega, J., & Williams, D. R. (2008). The Impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Psychological Distress and Forgiveness in South Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 462-468.\par \par Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Herman, A., Moomal, H., Heeringa, S.G., H., Kessler, R. C., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Lifetime Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in South Africa. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 112-117.\par \par Miranda, J., McGuire, T., Williams, D. R., & Wang, P. (2008). Mental Health in the Context of Health Disparities. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(9), 1102-1108.\par \par Williams, D. R., Costa, M. V., Odunlami, A. O., & Mohammed, S. A. (2008). Moving Upstream: How Interventions that Address the Social Determinants of Health can Improve Health and Reduce Disparities. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(Supplement), S8-S17.\par \par Toussaint, L. L., & Williams, D. R. (2008). National Survey Results for Protestant, Catholic, and Nonreligious Experiences of Seeking Forgiveness and of Forgiveness of Self, of Others, and by God. Journal of Psychiatry and Christianity, 27(2), 120-130.\par \par Joe, S. S., Seedat, S., Herman, A., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Non-fatal Suicidal Behavior among South Africans: Results from the South Africa Stress and Health Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 454-461.\par \par Tynes, B., Giang, M. T., Williams, D. R., & Thompson, G. N. (2008). Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Adjustment among Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 565-569.\par \par Williams, D. R., Gonz\'e1lez, H. M., Williams, S., Mohammed, S. A., Moomal, H., & Stein, D. J. (2008). Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa: Findings from the South Africa Stress and Health Study. Social Science and Medicine, 67, 441-452.\par \par Gupta, J., Silverman, J., Hemenway, D., Acevedo-Garcia, D., Stein, D., & Williams, D. (2008). Physical Violence against intimate partners and related exposures to violence among South African men. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(6), 535-541.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2008). Poverty, Migration, and Health. In A. C.  Lin & Harris, D. R., The Colors of Poverty (p. 135-169). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.\par \par Joe, S., Stein, J. S., Seedat, S., Herman, A., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal suicidal behavior among South Africans. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 310-311.\par \par Williams, D. R., Allen, S., & Padian, N. (2008). Project Eban: A Gian Step Forward. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 49(Supplement 1), S1-S2.\par \par Haas, J. S., Earle, C. C., Orav, J. E., Brawarsky, P., Keohane, M., Neville, B. A., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Racial segregation and disparities in breast cancer care and mortality. Cancer,, 113(8), 2166-2172.\par \par Haas, J. S., Earle, C. C., Orav, J. E., Brawarsky, P., Neville, B. A., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Racial segregation and disparities in cancer stage for seniors. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(5), 699-705.\par \par Paradies, Y., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Racism and Health. In K.  Heggenhougen & Quah, S., Encyclopedia of Public Health (p. 474-483, vol. 5). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.\par \par D, K., A, G., L, M., DJ, S., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with different forms of interpersonal violence in South Africa. Social Science and Medicine, 67(10), 1589-95.\par \par Myer, L., Stein, D. J., Grimsrud, A., Seedat, S., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Social determinants of psychological distress in a nationally-representative sample of South African adults. Social Science and Medicine, 66, 1828-1840.\par \par Herman, A. A., Williams, D. R., J., S. D., Seedat, S., Heeringa, S. G., & Moomal, H. (2008). The South African Stress and Health Study (SASH): A Foundation for Improving Mental Health Care in South Africa. In R. C.  Kessler & Ustan, B. T., The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (p. 238-239). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.\par \par of Medicine, I. (2008). State of the USA Health Indicators: Letter Report. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC.\par \par Williams, D. R., Allen, S., & Padian, N. (2008). Supplement: ?NIMH Multisite HIV/STS Prevention Trial for African-American Couples.?. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 49(Supplement 1).\par \par Acevedo-Garcia, D., Ospuk, T., McArdle, N., & Williams, D. R. (2008). Toward a Policy Relevant Analysis of Geographic and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities. Health Affairs, 27(2), 321-333.\par \par Williams, D. R., Herman, A., Stein, D. J., Heeringa, S. G., Jackson, P. B., Moomal, H., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Twelve-month mental disorders in South Africa: prevalence, service use and demographic correlates in the population-based South African Stress and Health Study. Psychological Medicine, 38, 211-220.\par \par Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., Herman, A., Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, J., Heeringa, S., et al. (2008). Twelve-Month Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: South African National Probability Household Survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(11), 889-97.\par \par Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson-Rose, S. A. (2008). Why forgiveness may protect against depression: Hopelessness as an explanatory mechanism. Personality and Mental Health, 2, 89-103.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Earl, T. R. (2007). Commentary: Race and mental health?more questions than answers. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(4), 768-760.\par \par Takeuchi, D. T., Alegria, M., Jackson, J. S., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Immigration and Mental Health: Diverse Findings in Asian, Black, and Latino Populations. American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 11-12.\par \par Haas, J., Earle, C., Orav, Brawarsky, P., Neville, B., Acevedo-Garcia, D., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Lower Use of Hospice by Cancer Patients Who Live in Minority Versus White Areas. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22, 396-399.\par \par Woolford, S. J., Clark, S. J., Lumeng, J. C., Williams, D. R., & Davis, M. M. (2007). Maternal Perspectives on Growth and Nutrition Counseling Provided at Preschool Well-Child Visits. Maternal Perspectives on Growth and Nutrition Counseling Provided at Preschool Well-Child Visits, 99(2), 153-158.\par \par Williams, D. R., Haile, R., Gonzalez, H., Neighbors, H., Baser, R., & Jackson, J. S. (2007). The Mental Health of Black Caribbean Immigrants: Results from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 57-59.\par \par Siefert, K., Williams, D. R., Finalyson, T. L., Delva, J., & Ismail, A. I. (2007). Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income African American Mothers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(1), 113-123.\par \par Gonz\'e1lez, H. M., Whitfield, K., West, B., Williams, D. R., Lichtenberg, P., & Jackson, S. J. (2007). Modified-Symbol Digit Modalities Test for African Americans, Caribbean Black Americans and Non-Latino Whites: Nationally Representative Normative Data from the National Survey of American Life. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(5), 605-13.\par \par Williams, S. L., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., Seedat, S., Jackson, P. B., & Moomal, H. (2007). Multiple Traumatic Events and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(5), 845-855.\par \par Williams, D. R., Jackson, J., Gonz\'e1lez, H. M., Neighbors, H., Nesse, R., Abelson, J. M., & Sweetman, J. (2007). Prevalence and Distribution of Major Depressive Disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(3), 305-315.\par \par Neighbors, H. W., Caldwell, C., Williams, D. R., Nesse, R., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., Torres, M., et al. (2007). Race, Ethnicity, and the Use of Services for Mental Disorders: Results from the National Survey of American Life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(4), 485-494.\par \par Ahmed, A., Mohammed, S., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Racial discrimination & health: Pathways & evidence. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 126, 21-30.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2007). Racial Harassment/Discrimination. In G.  Fink, Encyclopedia of Stress, 2nd Edition, volume 3 (p. 321-326). Oxford: Academic Press.\par \par Richman, L. S., Kohn-Wood, L. P., & Williams, D. R. (2007). The Role of Discrimination and Racial Identity for Mental Health Service Utilization. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(8), 960-981.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Sternthal, M. (2007). Spirituality, Religion and Health: Evidence and Research Directions. Medical Journal of Australia, 186(10), 47-50.\par \par Morenoff, J. D., House, J. S., Hansen, B. B., Williams, D. R., Kaplan, G. A., & Hunte, H.E.,. (2007). Understanding social disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control: The role of neighborhood context. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 1853-1866.\par \par Oyserman, D., Uskul, A. K., Yoder, N., Nesse, R. M., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Unfair Treatment and Self-Regulatory Focus. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 43, 505-512.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Neighbors, H. W., Torres, M. M., Williams, D. R., & R., B. (2007). Use of Mental Health Services Subjective Satisfaction with Treatment among Black Caribbean Immigrants: Results from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). American Journal of Public Health, 97(1), 60-67.\par \par deFur, P. L., Evans, G. W., Cohen Hubal, E. A., Kyle, A. D., Morello-Frosch, R. A., & Williams, D. R. (2007). Vulnerability as a Function of Individual and Group Resources in Cumulative Risk Assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(5), 817-824.\par \par Delva, J., Tellez, M., Finlayson, T. L., Gretebeck, K., Siefert, K., Williams, D. R., & Ismail, A. I. (2006). Correlates of Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African American Women. Ethnicity & Disease, 16(Spring), 527-533.\par \par B., J. P., & Williams, D. R. (2006). Culture, Race/Ethnicity, and Depression. In C. L. M.  Keyes & Goodman, S. H., Women and Depression (p. 328-359). New York : Cambridge University Press.\par \par Schulz, A. J., Gravlee, C. C., Williams, D. R., Israel, B., Mentz, G., & Rowe, Z. (2006). Discrimination, Symptoms of Depression, and Self-rated General Health among African American Women in Detroit: Longitudinal Results from Eastside Village Health Worker Partnership. American Journal of Public Health, 96(7), 1265-1270.\par \par Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished Business. (2006). Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished Business.  (G. E.  Thomson, Mitchell, F., & Williams, M. B.). Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press.\par \par B., J. P., & Williams, D. R. (2006). The Intersection of Race, Gender, and SES: Health Paradoxes. In A.  Shulz & Mullings, L., Gender, Race, Class and Health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.\par \par James, S. A., Van Hoewk, J., Belli, R. F., Strogatz, D. S., Williams, D. R., & Raghunathan, T. E. (2006). Life-course Socioeconomic Position and Hypertension in African American Men: The Pitt County Study. American Journal of Public Health, 96(5), 812-817.\par \par Borrell, L. N., Kiefe, C. I., Williams, D. R., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2006). Self-Reported Health, Perceived Racial Discrimination, and Skin Color in African Americans in the CARDIA Study. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1415-27.\par \par Nazroo, J. Y., Williams, D. R., Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006). The Social Determination of Ethnic/Racial Inequalities in Health. In Social Determinants of Health, 2nd edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Neighbors, H. W. (2006). Social Perspectives on Mood Disorders. In D. J.  Stein, Kupfer, D. J., & Schatzberg, A. F., Textbook of Mood Disorders (p. 145-158). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.\par \par Breslau, J., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Kendler, K. S., Su, M., Williams, D. R., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Specifying Race-Ethnic Differences in Risk for Psychiatric Disorder in a U.S. National Sample. Psychological Medicine, 36, 57-68.\par \par Bonney, L. E., Lally, M., Williams, D. R., Stein, M., & Flanigan, T. (2006). An Urgent Call: Where to Begin Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. The Lancet: Infectious Diseases, 6(7), 389-90.\par \par Delva, J., Tellez, M., Finlayson, T. L., Gretebeck, K. A., Siefert, K., Williams, D. R., & Ismail, A. I. (2005). Cigarette Smoking among Low-Income African Americans: A Serious Public Health Problem. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(3), 218-220.\par \par Williams, D. R., & J., L. (2005). Cold Truths about Class, Race, and Health. In D. R.  Williams & J., L., Inequality Matters. New York, NY : The New Press.\par \par Heflin, C. M., Siefert, K., & Williams, D. R. (2005). Food Insufficiency and Mental Health: Findings from a Three Year Panel of Welfare Recipients. Social Science and Medicine, 61(9), 1971-1982.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2005). The Health of U.S. Racial and Ethnic Populations. Journal of Gerontology: Series B, 60B(Special Issue II), 53-62.\par \par Karlamangla, A. S., Singer, B. H., Williams, D. R., Schwartz, J. E., Matthews, K. A., Kiefe, C. I., & Seeman, T. E. (2005). Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Longitudinal Accumulation of Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 999-1015.\par \par C., H., A., D. - R., D.R., J., C., K., D., W., & Williams, D. R. (2005). Neighborhood Characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic factors, and depressive symptoms in young adults: the CARDIA Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59(4), 322-328.\par \par Williams, D. R., Mechanic, D., Rogut, L. B., Colby, D. C., & Knickman, J. R. (2005). Patterns and Causes of Disparities in Health. In Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Jackson, P. B. (2005). Social Sources of Racial Disparities in Health. Health Affairs, 24(2), 325-334.\par \par Payne, T. J., Wyatt, S. B., Mosley, T. H., Dubbert, P. M., Guiterrez-Mohammed, M. L., Calvin, R. L., Taylor Jr., H. A., et al. (2005). Sociocultural Methods in the Jackson Heart Study: Conceptual and Descriptive Overview. Ethnicity and Disease, 15(S6), 38-48.\par \par Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Mero, R. P., & Williams, D. R. (2005). Stress, Life Events and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Results from the Americans? Changing Lives Study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 46(3), 274-288.\par \par Musick, M. A., House, J. S., & Williams, D. R. (2004). Attendance at Religious Services and Mortality in a National Sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(2), 198-213.\par \par Matthews, K., Katholi, C., McCreath, H., Whooley, M., Williams, D., & Markovitz, J. (2004). Blood Pressure Reactivity to Psychological Stress Predicts Hypertension in the CARDIA Study. Circulation, 110(1), 74-78.\par \par Travassos, C., & Williams, D. R. (2004). The Concept and Measurement of Race and Their Relationship to Public Health: A Review Focused on Brazil and the United States. Reports in Public Health, 20(3), 660-678.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2004). Discrimination and Health. In N. B.  Anderson, Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior, Vol. 1 (p. 254-259). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\par \par Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs. (2004). Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs.  (M. V.  Ploeg & Perrin, E.). Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press.\par \par Seedat, S., Pienaar, W. P., Williams, D. R., & Stein, D. J. (2004). Ethics of Research on Survivors of Trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 6(4), 262-267.\par \par Siefert, K., Heflin, C. M., Corcoran, M. E., & Williams, D. R. (2004). Food Insufficiency and Physical and Mental Health in a Longitudinal Survey of Welfare Recipients. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(2), 171-186.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2004). Health and the Quality of Life Among African Americans. In The State of Black America 2004: The Complexity of Black Progress (p. 115-138). New York: The National Urban League.\par \par Fiscella, K., & Williams, D. R. (2004). Health Disparities Based on Socioeconomic Inequities: Implications for Urban Health Care. Academic Medicine, 79(12), 1139-1147.\par \par Wilson, C., & Williams, D. R. (2004). Mental Health of African Americans. In I. L.  Livingston, Praeger Handbook of Black American Health: Policies and Issues Behind Disparities in Health, vol.1 (p. 369-382). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Torres, M., Caldwell, C. H., Neighbors, H. W., Nesse, R. M., Taylor, R. J., Trierweiler, S. J., et al. (2004). The National Survey of American Life: A Study of Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Influences on Mental Disorders and Mental Health. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13(4), 196-207.\par \par Moore, P. J., Sickel, A. E., Adler, N. E., Malat, J., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2004). Psychosocial Factors in Medical and Psychological Treatment Avoidance: The Role of the Doctor-Patient Relationship. Journal of Health Psychology, 9(3), 421-33.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2004). Racism and Health. In K. E.  Whitfield, Closing the Gap: Improving the Health of Minority Elders in the New Millennium.. Washington, DC: The Gerontological Society of America.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2004). Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African-American Health. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(4), 977-1000.\par \par Rubio, M., & Williams, D. R. (2004). The Social Dimension of Race. In B. M.  Beech & Goodman, M., Race and Research: Perspectives on Minority Participation in Health Studies (p. 1-25). Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association.\par \par Williams, D. R., Herman, A., Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, J., Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Moomal, H., et al. (2004). The South Africa Stress and Health Study: Rationale and Design. Metabolic Brain Disease, 19, 135-147.\par \par Operario, D., Adler, N. E., & Williams, D. R. (2004). Subjective Social Status: Reliability and Predictive Utility for Global Health. Psychology and Health, 19(2), 237-246.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Williams, D. R., House, J. S., Juster, T. F., Kahn, R. L., Schuman,, Howard,, et al. (2004). Surveying the Black American Population. In A Telescope on Society: Survey Research and Social Science at the University of Michigan and Beyond. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\par \par Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda. (2004). Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda.  (R.  Bulatao & Anderson, N. B.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.\par \par Herring, P., Montgomery, S., Yancey, A., Williams, D. R., & Fraser, G. (2004). Understanding the Challenges in Recruiting Blacks to a Longitudinal Cohort Study: The Adventist Health Study. Ethnicity & Disease, 14, 423-430.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2003). The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities. American Journal of Public Health, 93(5), 724-731.\par \par Young, J. L., Griffith, E. E. H., & Williams, D. R. (2003). The integral role of pastoral counseling by African-American clergy in community mental health.. Psychiatric Services, 54, 688-692.\par \par Idler, E. L., Musick, M. A., Ellison, C. G., George, L. K., Krause, N., Ory, M. G., Pargament, K. I., et al. (2003). Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 General Social Survey. Research on Aging, 25(4), 327-35.\par \par Rosen, D., Spencer, M., Tolman, R., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. (2003). Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Dependence Among Unmarried Low-Income Mothers. Health and Social Work, 28(2), 157-165.\par \par Takeuchi, D. T., & Williams, D. R. (2003). Race, Ethnicity and Mental Health: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 233-236.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2003). Race, Health, and Health Care. St. Louis University Law Journal, 48(1), 13-35.\par \par Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings from Community Studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 200-208.\par \par Wyatt, S. B., Williams, D. R., Calvin, R., Henderson, F., Walker, E., & Winters, K. (2003). Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans: Evidence and Implications for the Jackson Heart Study.. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 325(6), 315-331.\par \par Van Olphen, J., Schulz, A., Israel, B., Chatters, L., Klem, L., Parker, E., & Williams, D. (2003). Religious Involvement, Social Support, and Health Among African-American Women on the East Side of Detroit. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18, 549-557.\par \par Takeuchi, D. T., & Williams, D. R. (2003). Special Issue: "Race, Ethnicity, and Mental Health in Society". Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3).\par \par Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. (2003). Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care.  (B. D.  Smedley, Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R.). Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.\par \par Guthrie, B. J., Young, A. M., Williams, D. R., Boyd, C. J., & Kintner, E. K. (2002). African American Girls? Smoking Habits and Day-to-Day Experience with Racial Discrimination.. Nursing Research, 51(3), 183-190.\par \par Shahabi, L., Powell, L. H., Musick, M. A., Pargament, K. I., Thoresen, C. E., Williams, D. R., Underwood, L., et al. (2002). Correlates of Self-Perceptions of Spirituality in American Adults. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 59-68.\par \par Stein, D. J., Williams, D. R., Stein, D. J., & Hollander, E. (2002). Cultural and Social Aspects of Anxiety Disorders. In Textbook of Anxiety Disorders (p. 463-474). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. .\par \par Williams, D. R., Smelser, N. J., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). Ethnicity, Race, and Health. In International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (p. 4831-4838). Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science Ltd.\par \par Daly, M. C., Duncan, G., McDonough, P., & Williams, D. R. (2002). Optimal Indicators of Socioeconomic Status for Health Research. American Journal of Public Health, 92(7), 1151-1157.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Williams, D. R., & Torres, M. (2002). Perceptions of Discrimination, Health and Mental Health: The Social Stress Process.\par \par Schulz, A. J., Williams, D. R., Israel, B. L., & Lempert, L. B. (2002). Racial and Spacial Relations as Fundamental Determinants of Health in Detroit. Milbank Quarterly, 80(4), 677-707.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2002). Racial/Ethnic Variations in Women's Health: the Social Embeddedness of Health. American Journal of Public Health, 92(4), 588-597.\par \par Whooley, M. A., Boyd, A. L., Gardin, J. M., & Williams, D. R. (2002). Religious Involvement and Cigarette Smoking in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 1604-1610.\par \par Caesar, L. G., & Williams, D. R. (2002). Socioculture and the Delivery of Health Care: Who Gets What and Why. The ASHA Leader, 7(6), 6-8.\par \par Moore, P. J., Adler, N. E., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2002). Socioeconomic Status & Health: The Role of Sleep. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 337-344.\par \par Kreiger, N., & Williams, D. R. (2001). Changing to the 2000 Standard Million: Are Declining Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Real Progress or statistical Illusion?. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1209-1213.\par \par Neighbors, H., & Williams, D. R. (2001). The Epidemiology of Mental Disorder: 1985-2000. In R. L.  Braithwaite & Taylor, S. E., Health Issues in the Black Community (p. 99-128). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.\par \par Siefert, K., Heflin, C. M., Corcoran, M., & Williams, D. R. (2001). Food Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women. Women and Health, 32, 159-177.\par \par Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson, S. A. (2001). Forgiveness and Health: Age Difference in a U.S. Probability Sample. Journal of Adult Development, 8(4), 249-257.\par \par Boardman, J. D., Finch, B. K., Ellison, C. G., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Neighborhood Disadvantage, Stress, and Drug Abuse Among Adults. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 42, 151-165.\par \par New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach. (2001). New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach.  (B. H.  Singer & Ryff, C. D.). Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2001). Race and Health: Trends and Policy Implications. In J. A.  Auerbach & Krimgold, B. K., Income, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: Exploring the Relationships (p. 67-85). Washington, D.C.: National Policy Association, Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Wilson, C. (2001). Race, Ethnicity, and Aging. In R. H.  Binstock & George, L. K., Handbook of Aging and Social Sciences, 5th Edition (p. 160-178). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.\par \par Brown, T. N., Wallace, Jr., J. M., & Williams, D. R. (2001). Race-Related Correlates of Young Adults? Subjective Well. Social Indicators, 53, 97-116.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (2001). Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health. Public Health Reports, 116(September/October), 404-416.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2001). Racial Variations in Adult Health Status: Patterns, Paradoxes and Prospects. In N.  Smelser, Wilson, W. J., & Mitchell, F., America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Volume II. (p. 371-410). Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences Press.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Neighbors, H. (2001). Racism, Discrimination & Hypertension: Evidence & Needed Research. Ethnicity & Disease, 11, 800-816.\par \par Ellison, C. G., Boardman, J. D., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Religious Involvement, Stress and Mental Health: Findings from the 1995 Detroit Area Study. Social Forces, 80(1), 215-249.\par \par Lantz, P. M., Lynch, J. W., House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Mero, R. P., Musick, M., & Williams, D. R. (2001). Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Change in a Longitudinal Study of U.S. Adults: The Role of Health Risk Behaviors. Social Science and Medicine, 53, 29-40.\par \par Brown, T. N., Williams, D. R., Jackson, J. S., Neighbors, H. W., Torres, M., Sellers, S. L., & Brown, K. T. (2000). Being Black and Feeling Blue: The Mental Health Consequences of Racial Discrimination. Race & Society, 2, 117-131.\par \par Stein, D. J., Herman, A., Kaminer, D., Rataemane, S., Seedat, S., Kessler, R. C., & Williams, D. R. (2000). Ethical Aspects of Research on Psychological Trauma. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2(1), 31-36.\par \par House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Williams, D. R., Mero, R. P., Lantz, P. M., Robert, S. A., & Chen, J. (2000). Excess Mortality Among Urban Residents: How Much for Whom and Why. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1989-1904.\par \par McDonough, P., Duncan, G. J., Williams, D. R., & House, J. S. (2000). The Impact of Income Dynamics on Mortality in the United States. In G. A.  Cornia & Paniccia, R., The Mortality Crisis In Transitional Economies (p. 392-419). New York: Oxford University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2000). Race and Health in Kansas: Data, Issues and Directions. In A. R.  Tarlov & Peter, R. S. F., The Society and Population Health Reader. Volume II: A State and Community Perspective (p. 236-258). New York : The New Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (2000). Race, Stress, and Mental Health: Findings from the Commonwealth Minority Health Survey. In C.  Hogue, Hargraves, M. A., & Collins, K. S., Minority Health in America: Findings and Policy Implication From the Commonwealth Fund Minority Health Survey (p. 209-243). Baltimore, MD: Johns-Hopkins University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2000). Race/Ethnicity and the 2000 Census: Recommendations for African American and Other Black Populations in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1728-1730.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Williams-Morris, R. (2000). Racism and Mental Health: The African American Experience. Ethnicity and Health, 5, 243-268.\par \par Siefert, K., Bowman, P., Heflin, C., Danziger, S., & Williams, D. (2000). Social and Environmental Predictors of Maternal Depression in Current and Recent Welfare Recipients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70(4), 510-522.\par \par Schulz, A., Israeli, B., Williams, D., Parker, E., Becker, A., & James, S. (2000). Social Inequalities, Stressors and Self Reported Health Status Among African American and White Women in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 1639-1653.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Rucker, T. D. (2000). Understanding and Addressing Racial Disparities in Health. Health Care Financing Review, 21, 75-90.\par \par House, J., & Williams, D. R. (2000). Understanding and Reducing Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health. In B. D.  Smedley & Syme, S. L., Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research (p. 81-124). Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.\par \par Schulz, A., Williams, D. R., Israel, B., Becker, A., Parker, E., James, S., & Jackson, J. (2000). Unfair Treatment, Neighborhood Effects, and Mental Health in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Unfair Treatment, Neighborhood Effects, and Mental Health in the Detroit Metropolitan Area, 41(Journal of Health and Social Behavior), 314-332.\par \par Sickel, A. E., Moore, P. J., Adler, N. E., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (1999). The Differential Effects of Sleep Quality and Quantity on the Relationship Between SES and Health. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 431-434.\par \par McDonough, P., Williams, D. R., House, J. S., & Duncan, G. J. (1999). Gender and the Socioeconomic Gradient in Mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 17-31.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1999). The Monitoring of Racial/Ethic Status in the USA: Data Quality Issues. Ethnicity and Health, 4(3), 121-137.\par \par Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K., & Williams, D. R. (1999). The Prevalence, Distribution, and Mental Health Correlates of Perceived Discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavio, 40(3), 208-230.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Harris-Reid, M. (1999). Race and Mental Health: Emerging Patterns and Promising Approaches. In A. V.  Horwitz & Scheid, T. L., A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems (p. 295-314). New York: Cambridge University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1999). Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 173-188.\par \par Williams, D. R., Spencer, M., & Jackson, J. S. (1999). Race Stress and Physical Health: The Role of Group Identity. In R. J.  Contrada & Ashmore, R. D., Self, Social Identity and Physical Health: Interdisciplinary Explorations (p. 71-100). New York: Oxford University Press.\par \par Ren, X. S., Amick, B., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health: The Interplay Between Discrimination and Socioeconomic Status. Ethnicity and Disease, 9(2), 151-165.\par \par Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a Stressor for African Americans: A Biopsychosocial Model. American Psychologist, 54, 805-816.\par \par Kaplan, G. A., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Rising Tides, Falling Fortunes. Annals of Epidemiology, 9(8), 461-463.\par \par Collins, C., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Segregation and Mortality: The Deadly Effects of Racism. Sociological Forum, 14(3), 495-523.\par \par Yu, Y., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health. In J.  Phelan & Aneshensel, C., Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health (p. 151-166). New York Plenum Publishers.\par \par Williams, D. R., Griffith, E. E. H., Young, J., Collins, C., & Dodson, J. (1999). Structure and Provision of Services in New Haven Black Churches. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 5(2), 118-133.\par \par Williams, D. R., Jackson, J. S., Brown, T. N., Forman, T., Torres, M., & Brown, K. (1999). Traditional and Contemporary Prejudice and Urban Whites? Support for Affirmative Action and Government Help. Social Problems, 46(4), 503-527.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1998). African American Health: The Role of the Social Environment. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 300-321.\par \par Neighbors, H. W., Musick, M. A., & Williams, D. R. (1998). The African American Minister as a Source of Help for Serious Personal Crises: Bridge or Barrier to Mental Health Care. Health Education and Behavior, 25(6), 759-777.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Williams, D. R., & Gomberg, E. S. (1998). Aging and Alcohol Use and Abuse Among African Americans: A Life-Course Perspective. In E. S. L.  Gomberg, Hegedus, A. M., & Zucker, R. A., Alcohol Problems and Aging, NIAAA Research Monograph 33. NIH Publication Number 98-4163. (p. 63-87). Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office.\par \par Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., & Jackson, J. S. (1998). Discrimination, Race, and Health. Proceedings of the Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics and Data User?s Conference. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.\par \par Wilson, L., & Williams, D. R. (1998). Issues in the Quality of Data on Minority Groups. In L.  Wilson & Williams, D. R., Studying Minority Adolescents: Conceptual, Methodological, and Theoretical Issues (p. 237-250). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.\par \par Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Lepskowski, J. M., Williams, D. R., Mero, R. P., & J., C. (1998). Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality: Results from a Nationally Representative Prospective Study of U.S. Adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(1), 1703-1708.\par \par McDonough, P., Duncan, G. J., Williams, D. R., & House, J. S. (1997). Income Dynamics and Adult Mortality in the U.S., 1972-1989. American Journal of Public Health, 87(9), 1476-1483.\par \par Krieger, N., Williams, D. R., & Moss, N. (1997). Measuring Social Class in U.S. Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 18, 341-378.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1997). Missed Opportunities in Monitoring Socioeconomic Status. Public Health Reports, 112, 492-494.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1997). Race and Health: Basic Questions, Emerging Directions. Annals of Epidemiology, 7(5), 322-333.\par \par Forman, T. A., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (1997). Race, Place, and Discrimination. In C.  Gardner, Perspectives on Social Problems (p. 9: 231-261). JAI Press.\par \par Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socioeconomic Status, Stress, and Discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335-351.\par \par Wallace, Jr., J. M., & Williams, D. R. (1997). Religion and Adolescent Health-Compromising Behavior. In J.  Schulenberg, Maggs, J. L., & Hurrelmann, K., Health Risks and Developmental Transitions During Adolescence (p. 444-468). Cambridge University Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1996). Ethnicity and Disease. Ethnicity and Disease, 6(1,2), 1-6.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1996). The Health of the African American Population. In S.  Pedraza & Rumbaut, R. G., Origins and Destinies: Immigration, Race and Ethnicity in America (p. 404-416). Wadsworth.\par \par House, J. S., & Williams, D. R. (1996). Psychosocial Pathways Linking SES and CVD (p. 119-124). National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1996). Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status: Measurement and Methodological Issues. International Journal of Health Services, 26(3), 483-505.\par \par Jackson, J. S., Brown, T. N., Williams, D. R., Torres, M., Sellers, S. L., & Brown, K. (1996). Racism and the Physical and Mental Health Status of African Americans: A Thirteen-Year National Panel Study. Ethnicity and Disease, 6(1,2), 132-147.\par \par Le, N., & Williams, D. R. (1996). Social Factors and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. In J.  Subedi & Gallagher, E., Culture, Society, and Disease: International Perspectives of Illness Behavior (p. 244-261). Prentice-Hall.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Rucker, T. (1996). Socioeconomic Status and the Health of Racial Minority Populations. In T.  Mann & Kato, P., Handbook of Diversity Issues in Health Psychology (p. 407-423). New York: Plenum Press.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1996). Special issue on ?Racism and Health?. Ethnicity & Disease, 6(1,2).\par \par Williams, D. R. (1995). African American Mental Health: Persisting Questions and Paradoxical Findings.  (R. J.  Taylor)African American Research Perspectives: An Occasional Report of the Program for Research on Black Americans, 2(1), 8-16.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Dickerson, N. (1995). Conclusion. In D.  Adams, Women of Color: A Cultural Diversity Health Perspective (p. 239-247). Sage.\par \par Collins, C., & Williams, D. R. (1995). Examining the Black-White Adult Mortality Disparity: The Role of Residential Segregation. In Proceedings of the 1995 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics.\par \par Johnson, K. W., Anderson, N. B., Bastida, E., Kramer, B. J., Williams, D. R., & Wong, M. (1995). Macrosocial and Environmental Influences on Minority Health. Health Psychology, 14, 601-612.\par \par Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach. (1995). Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach. In J.  Normand, Vlahov, D., & Moses, L., Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach. Washington, D.C. : The National Academies Press.\par \par King, G., & Williams, D. R. (1995). Race and Health: A Multidimensional Approach to African American Health. In B. C.  Amick, Levin, S., Walsh, D. C., & Tarlov, A. R., Society and Health (p. 93-130). Oxford: Oxford University Press.\par \par Kessler, R. C., House, J. S., Anspach, R., & Williams, D. R. (1995). Social Psychology and Health. In Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology (p. 548-570). Allyn and Bacon.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (1995). U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 349-386.\par \par Census Undercount and the Quality of Health Data for Racial and Ethnic Populations. (1994). Census Undercount and the Quality of Health Data for Racial and Ethnic Populations. Ethnicity and Disease, 4(1), 89-1000.\par \par Chang, P., Williams, D. R., Griffith, E., & Young, J. L. (1994). Church-Agency Relationships in the Black Community. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23(2), 91-105.\par \par Williams, D. R., Lavizzo-Mourey, R., & Warren, R. C. (1994). The Concept of Race and Health Status in America. Public Health Reports, 109(1), 26-41.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1994). The Concept of Race in Health Services Research, 1966-1990. Health Services Research, 29(3), 261-274.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1994). The Measurement of Religion in Epidemiologic Studies: Problems and Prospects. In J. S.  Levin, Religious Factors in Aging and Health: Theoretical Foundations and Methodological Frontiers (p. 125-148). Sage.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Fenton, B. (1994). The Mental Health of African Americans: Findings, Questions and Directions. In I. L.  Livingston, Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies and Prospects (p. 253-268). Greenwood Publications.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1994). Review of Suicide in the African-American Community by K.E. Early. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(2), 201.\par \par Wagener, D. K., & Williams, D. R. (1993). Equity in Environmental Health: Data Collection and Interpretation Issues. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 9(5), 775-795.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1993). Review of Health Issues in the Black Community by R.L. Braithwaite and S. E. Tayler (eds.). Contemporary Sociology, 22(5), 746-747.\par \par Williams, D. R., Wilson, L., & Chung, A. (1993). Socioeconomic Status, Psychosocial Factors and Health in Urban Guyana. Sociological Focus, 25(4), 279-294.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1992). Black-White Differences in Blood Pressure: The Role of Social Factors. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 126-141.\par \par Wilson, L., Williams, D. R., & Wilkins, K. (1992). Family Structure and Mental Health in Urban Guyana. Central Issues in Anthropology, 10, 117-126.\par \par Williams, D. R., Takeuchi, D., & Adair, R. (1992). Marital Status and Psychiatric Disorders Among Blacks and Whites. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 140-157.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Lepkowski, J. (1992). Poverty and Health: A National Study of the Determinants of Excess Mortality. In Proceedings of the 1991 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1992). Social Structure and the Health Behaviors of Blacks. In K.  Schaie, House, J., & Blazer, D., Aging, Health Behaviors and Health Status (p. 59-64). Erlbaum.\par \par Williams, D. R., Takeuchi, D., & Adair, R. (1992). Socioeconomic Status and Psychiatric Disorder Among Black and Whites. Social Forces, 71, 179-194.\par \par Takeuchi, D., Williams, D. R., & R.K., A. (1991). Economic Stress in the Family and Children?s Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 1031-1041.\par \par Williams, D. R., Larson, D., Buckler, R., Heckmann, R., & Pyle, C. (1991). Religion and Psychological Distress in a Community Sample. Social Science and Medicine, 32, 1257-1262.\par \par Williams, D. R., & House, J. S. (1991). Stress, Social Support, Control and Coping: A Social Epidemiologic. In B.  Badura & Kickbusch, I., Health Promotion Research: Towards a New Social Epidemiology (p. 147-172). Copenhagen: World Health Organization.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1990). Social Structure and the Health Status of Black Males. Challenge: A Journal of Research on Black Men, 1, 25-46.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1990). Socioeconomic Differentials in Health: A Review and Redirection. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 81-99.\par \par Williams, D. R., & Bryant, S. (1989). Race Differences in Hypertension: Identifying the Determinants. In Proceedings of the 1989 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1987). Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality: The Role of Psychosocial Factors. In Proceedings of the 1987 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics.\par \par House, J. S., Williams, D. R., & Kessler, R. C. (1986). Unemployment, Social Support and Health. In S.  Isacsson & Janzon, L., Social Support -- Health and Disease (p. 93-111). Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.\par \par Williams, D. R., & House, J. (1985). Job Stress and Blue Collar Work. In C. L.  Cooper & Smith, M., Job Stress and Blue Collar Work (p. 207-224). London: John Wiley and Sons.\par \par Williams, D. R. (1982). Weight Management Program Promises and Delivers. Michigan Hospitals, 18(15-17).\par \par }