<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Stavins</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert Stowe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Richard Sweeney</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The SO2  Allowance Trading  System and the Clean Air Act  Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innovation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">National Tax Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://ntj.tax.org/wwtax/ntjrec.nsf/175d710dffc186a385256a31007cb40f/bfba6607a4e7ccb685257a1e004e21d9?OpenDocument</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvard Kennedy Schoo, Harvard Environmental Economics Program</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">419-52</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reilly John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Platsev Sergey</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen Henry</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canada’s Bitumen Industry Under CO2 Constraints</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Report Series of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512006507</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MIT</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">540-550</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We investigate the effects of implementing CO2 emissions reduction policies on Canada’s oil sands industry, the largest of its kind in the world. The production of petroleum products from oils sands involves extraction of bitumen from the oil sands, upgrading it to a synthetic crude oil by adding lighter hydrocarbons, and then use of more conventional petroleum refining processes to create products such as gasoline and diesel. The relatively heavy crude generally requires the use of cracking and other advanced refinery operations to generate a product slate with substantial fractions of the higher value petroleum products such as diesel and gasoline. Each part of the process involves significant amounts of energy, and that contributes to a high level of CO2 emissions. We apply the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy, augmented to include detail on the oil sands production processes, including the possibility of carbon capture and storage (CCS). We find: (1) without climate policy annual Canadian bitumen production increases over 6-fold from 2005 to 2050; (2) with CO2 emissions caps implemented in developed countries, Canadian bitumen production drops by nearly 65% from the reference 6-fold increase and bitumen upgrading capacity moves to the developing countries; (3) with CO2 emissions caps implemented worldwide, the Canadian bitumen production becomes essentially non-viable even with CCS technology, at least through our 2050 horizon. The main reason for the demise of the oil sands industry with global CO2 policy is that the demand for oil worldwide drops substantially. CCS takes care of emissions from the oil sands production, upgrading, and refining processes, at a cost, but there is so little demand for petroleum products which still emit CO2 when used that it can be met with conventional oil resources that entail less CO2 emissions in the production process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steffen Jenner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolf Frankenberger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathias Gabel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">What Drives States to Support Renewable Energy?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Energy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.iaee.org/en/publications/ejarticle.aspx?id=2474</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anadon, Laura Diaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Bunn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melissa Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles Jones</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruud Kempener</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Audrey Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathaniel Logar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkatesh Narayanamurti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transforming U.S. Energy Innovation</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21528/transforming_us_energy_innovation.html?breadcrumb=%2Fexperts%2F1441%2Flaura_diaz_anadon%3Fback_url%3D%252Fpublication%252F21527%252Ftransforming_us_energy_innovation%253Fbreadcrumb%253D%25252Fproject%2</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pugh, Graham</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarke, Leon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marlay, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kyle, Page</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wise, Marshall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chon, Haewon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy R&amp;D Portfolio Analysis Based on Climate Change Mitigation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Economics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988310001957</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snowmass, CO</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">634-643</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The diverse nature and uncertain potential of the energy technologies that are or may be available to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions pose a challenge to policymakers trying to invest public funds in an optimal R&amp;amp;D portfolio. This paper discusses two analytical approaches to this challenge used to inform funding decisions related to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) applied energy R&amp;amp;D portfolio. The two approaches are distinguished by the constraints under which they were conducted: the need to provide an end-to-end portfolio analysis as input to internal DOE budgeting processes, but with limited time and subject to institutional constraints regarding important issues such as expert judgment. Because of these constraints, neither approach should be viewed as an attempt to push forward the state of the art in portfolio analysis in the abstract. Instead, they are an attempt to use more stylized, heuristic methods that can provide first-order insights in the DOE institutional context. Both approaches make use of advanced technology scenarios implemented in an integrated assessment modeling framework and then apply expert judgment regarding the likelihood of achieving associated R&amp;amp;D and commercialization goals. The approaches differ in the granularity of the scenarios used and in the definition of the benefits of technological advance: in one approach the benefits are defined as the cumulative emission reduction attributable to a particular technology; in the other approach benefits are defined as the cumulative cost reduction. In both approaches a return on investment (ROI) criterion is established based on benefits divided by federal R&amp;amp;D investment. The ROI is then used to build a first-order approximation of an optimal applied energy R&amp;amp;D investment portfolio. Although these methodologies have been used to inform an actual budget request, the results reflect only one input among many used in budget formulation. The results are therefore not representative of an official U.S. government or DOE funding recommendation but should instead be considered illustrative of the way in which methodologies such as these could be applied.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anadon, Laura Diaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melissa Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Audrey Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Expert elicitation of cost, performance, and RD&amp;D budgets for coal power with CCS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Procedia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610211003663</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2685-2692</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anadon, Laura Diaz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Bunn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melissa Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelly Sims Gallagher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles Jones</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruud Kempener</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Audrey Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkatesh Narayanamurti</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOE FY 2011 Budget Request for Energy Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment: Analysis and Recommendations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Report for Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20075/doe_fy_2011_budget_request_for_energy_research_development_demonstration_and_deployment.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This analysis, written by a team of researchers at the Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center, provides an overview the Department of Energy's fiscal year 2011 energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment (ERD3) budget proposals, and lays out actionable recommendations to strengthen the effort.  Overall, the report concludes that the 7 percent requested increase in applied energy research, development, and demonstration funds, while welcome in a time of budget stringency, remains well short of the sustained investment likely to be needed to meet the energy demands of the 21st century.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report, part of an ongoing project funded by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, provides an in-depth assessment of which energy technologies would see their budgets cut or boosted under the Obama administration's budget proposals.  The authors suggest that Congress should consider increasing the proposed budgets in some areas, such as demonstration of carbon storage technology in a range of geologies, and international ERD3 cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The authors offer strong support for ARPA-E, the Energy Department's new effort focused on funding high-risk, potentially game-changing energy technologies that no one else would fund.  Given the time required to turn such new ideas into successes, the report argues, Congress should give ARPA-E five to ten years of strong, consistent funding to give it a chance to prove its worth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report also explores other ERD3 institutions, including the establishment of &quot;Energy Innovation Hubs&quot; and the &quot;Energy Frontier Research Centers.&quot;  The authors argue that the nation needs a new approach to managing the national laboratories that strengthens their mission focus and builds a better balance between lab management and Energy Department headquarters — and it calls for the creation of a new institution to credibly manage large-scale technology demonstration projects.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Given the global nature of the climate challenge, the report emphasizes the importance of international cooperation to develop the energy technologies needed to respond, argues that the United States does not yet have an integrated, coherent strategy for such cooperation.  Similarly, the report argues that the Energy Department's cooperation with the private sector is largely ad-hoc and not yet driven by a strategic view of which kinds of grants and partnerships work best under what circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, the report assesses proposed programs to support deployment of new energy technologies.  The authors argue that on balance, the administration's proposed loan guarantee programs — including $36 billion in new proposed authority to provide guarantees for deployment of nuclear power plants — deserve support, though the risks are substantial.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The database upon which this analysis is based may be downloaded in Excel format at: &lt;a href=&quot;http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20013/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20013/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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