<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO AIR TRANSPORT: MARKET, TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL CO-EVOLUTION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=431</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Air transportation has been a common theme in economic geography literature in relation&lt;br&gt; to the analysis of airline routes and flows, the study of international supply chains, location&lt;br&gt; analysis, the impact of airport noise on residential property values and environmental&lt;br&gt; issues (e.g., WILTOX et al. 2007; BURGHOUWT, 2007; LEINBACH and BOWEN,&lt;br&gt; 2004; SEGUÍ and MARTÍNEZ, 2004; GRAHAM, 1995; ESPEY and LOPEZ, 2000;&lt;br&gt; GÁMIR and RAMOS, 2002; TOMKINS et al., 1998; STUTZ, 1986; KARASKA and&lt;br&gt; BRAMHALL, 1960). Meanwhile, economic geography has moved away from traditional&lt;br&gt; economic analysis and has become a more interdisciplinary speciality adopting insights&lt;br&gt; from social, cultural and political sciences (BOSCHMA and FRENKEN, 2006). A&lt;br&gt; relatively recent development in economic geography is the evolutionary approach, which&lt;br&gt; combines different kinds of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, all based on an&lt;br&gt; evolutionary approach (BOSCHMA and FRENKEN, 2007), which borrows the Darwinian&lt;br&gt; concepts of selection, retention (heredity) and variety in order to apply them to social&lt;br&gt; sciences. This approach overcomes static theories and focuses on innovation and&lt;br&gt; technology as elements of self-transformation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duch, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barcelona Urban Evolution from 1860</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/Barcelona_urban_evolution/CRE</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 17, 2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/Barcelona_urban_evolution/CRG</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In using this map, cite it as: Pallares-Barbera, M., Duch, J. (2012) Barcelona Urban Evolution since 1860. Harvard University Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences Center for Geographical Analysis. &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:montserrat.pallares@uab.cat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;montserrat.pallares@uab.cat&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duch, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Planning and service provision in the Cerdà Barcelona Expansion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/Barcelona_Cerda_1860/CRD</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 17, 2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/Barcelona_Cerda_1860/CRD</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Cerdà and Barcelona: The need for a new city and service provision &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The objective of this project is to study Cerdà’s Plan of Urban Expansion of Barcelona from 1860; specifically, how and why it was conceived in a unique way in which the provision of services to the population was an important part of it. Ildefonso Cerdà based his expansion proposal on an in-depth socio-statistic study of old Barcelona’s population conditions. High mortality rates of the working class population, and poor health and education conditions pushed Cerdà to design a new type of urban planning, which he defined as “urbanism”, In the proposal of the new city he planned the location of services, such as marketplaces, schools and hospitals. In the first part of this paper we introduce the urban and political preconditions of Barcelona and the statistics on which Cerdà based his contribution. In the second part, we use location theory and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze the pattern of location and population served by markets and hospitals. In addition, using topographic maps from 1926 and 1975 we study the development of the Expansion up to when it was fully developed. The evolution of the city differed from Cerdà’s proposal, partly due to unexpected increases in population density, built environment and larger building occupation size. Nevertheless, Cerdà’s lay-out of streets and avenues has prevailed. &lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot-Jutgla, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artists, Cultural Gentrification and Public Policy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbani Izziv Urban Challenge</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urbani-izziv.uirs.si/en/Specialissues/2012.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S104 - S114</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Since the 1980s, artists have been studied as agents of urban gentrification. Well established theories and case studies have provided numerous evidences of the role of artists as initiators of the gentrification process in working-class neighborhoods. From a productive-side perspective, placing an emphasis on the rent-gap and land development, as well as consumption-side perspective, analyzing the features of individuals, art production and artists have been identified as a source of initial gentrification. Complementary theorizations have studied the second wave of displacement produced by the massive arrival of private capital, which often has affected the artists themselves. The present paper adds to the body of literature than identifies the public sector as another key agent of gentrification. The paper analyzes the role of Barcelona’s public sector in the process of implementing this redevelopment program, and its interaction with artists in the neighborhood. In specific terms, it discusses the case of the Hangar Collective, located in Can Ricart, an old factory building which had been the home of small firms and artist groups. This center was at the heart of the urban struggle to maintain the status of firms and artists in the neighborhood, and to preserve the architectonic structure of the old factory complex. By 2010, once displaced small firms and groups of low-budget artists, only the artist’s association with Hangar, supported by public funds, remained in Can Ricart.&lt;br /&gt;
Keywords: public policy, gentrification, artist, new economy, Barcelona&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Le Heron, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fromhold-Eisebith, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Globalising Economic Spaces, Uneven Development and Regional Challenges: Introduction to the Special Issue</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbani Izziv Urban Challenge</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urbani-izziv.uirs.si/en/Specialissues/2012.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S2 - S10</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The phenomenon of spatially uneven development has always captured the interest of economic geographers, forming one of the foundation stones of the discipline and a major research focus in analyses of both advanced or emerging economies (Hayter and Patchell, 2011; Sheppard et al., 2009). The economic exploitation of localized resources to improve the quality of people’s lives inevitably leads to widening of interregional economic disparities, engendering dynamics, which, over time, change little and are rarely reversed. Interregional disparities simply transform, assume different guises and, at times, shift between places. They never really vanish. And convergence is rare, as investigations of interregional disparities in Europe have shown (Badingera et al., 2004; Martin, 2001) and the USA (Caselli and Coleman, 2001). However, measuring the dynamics of interregional divergence and convergence is both demanding and problematic (Puga, 1999; Rey and Janikas, 2005). Consequently, the dynamics of spatially uneven development remain a major research question with significant and enduring policy relevance.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot Jutgla, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Productive gentrification, deindustrialization and industrial relocation (Gentrificació productiva, desindustrialització i relocalització industrial)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">URL: http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/TSCG/article/view/63642</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27-53</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Abstract: Productive gentrification, deindustrialization and industrial relocation&lt;br /&gt;
The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical discussion on the definition and identification of the process of productive gentrification. From the discussions of the concept of gentrification, broadly conceptualized and studied in processes taking place in residential areas of central cities, the contribution of this paper focuses on redefining the concept in the production sphere, taking businesses as units of analysis and institutions as agents of change. To illustrate this, the article examines the impact of the 22 @ Barcelona project initiated in 2000 in the neighborhood of Poblenou, Barcelona. The analysis focuses on the study of Can Ricart, analyzing the process of expulsion of the industries of an old textile industrial complex, which by the time of the approved urban renewal plan, it contained 34 small and medium enterprises from various sectors.&lt;br /&gt;
Keywords: productive gentrification, urban renewal, 22@Barcelona, urban policy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamásy, Ch.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relational Dimensions of Regional Growth: Introduction to the Special Issue</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbani Izziv Urban Challenge</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urbani-izziv.uirs.si/en/Specialissues/2012.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S2 - S6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The study of the distribution of economic activities across space has always been the essence of economic geography, regional economics, and related disciplines. Empirical analyses have provided significant evidence, for example, that especially urbanized regions are very successful in developing innovation and employment (e.g., Wedemeier 2009). A prerequisite for the generation of economic growth is, however, the capability of economic agents to be creative and to develop new ideas. A relational perspective places the analytical focus on the complex nexus of economic relations between actors and structures. It has been argued that changes in the relations between actors and structures foster dynamic transformations in the spatial organization of economic activities (Boggs and Rantisi 2003). Hence, relational economic growth is concerned with the ways in which socio-spatial relations of actors are interlaced with structures and processes of economic change at various geographical scales (Yeung, 2005). Bathelt and Glückler (2003) argued that the relational perspective has three fundamental components: (a) economic actors operate within frameworks of social and institutional relations; (b) economic processes are path-dependent, with future actions constrained to some extent by past decisions; and (c) economic processes can also shaped by agents’ free will, unconstrained by existing development paths. According to Jones (2009, p. 487) recent years “have witnessed a burgeoning of work on 'thinking space relationally'”, even though there seem exists some silence on factors that, for example, constrain, structure, and connect space (see also Sunley 2008).&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duch, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CERDÀ AND BARCELONA. OPTIMAL LOCATION OF SERVICES AND URBAN PLANNING</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Association of American Geographers Meeting</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 12</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AAG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seattle</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In this paper we analyze a case study, Cerdà’s Urban Expansion of Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;
(1860). We reexamine Cerdà’s positioning of marketplaces and hospitals using location&lt;br /&gt;
theory as well as GIS for data capturing and analysis. In addition, using topographic&lt;br /&gt;
map-series we study the developments of the Expansion up to now. We study the&lt;br /&gt;
allocation of services in the urban grid as a way of distributing wellbeing among&lt;br /&gt;
individuals. The actual evolution of the city through history differed from Cerdà’s&lt;br /&gt;
proposal, partly due to unexpected increases in population density, built environment&lt;br /&gt;
and larger building occupation size. Nevertheless, Cerdà’s lay-out of streets and&lt;br /&gt;
avenues has prevailed. Moreover, later plans of urban expansion and restructuration of&lt;br /&gt;
the city have been in line with Cerdà’s ideas. Urban planning is an important factor in&lt;br /&gt;
the determination of quality of life and wellbeing. This paper is concerned with a design&lt;br /&gt;
of urban environment that seeks better spatial efficiency and social wellbeing.&lt;br /&gt;
Keywords. Urban planning, location theory, optimization, wellbeing, GIS, Spatial&lt;br /&gt;
Decisions Support System.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duch, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerdà and Barcelona: The need for a new city and service provision</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbani izziv Urban Challenge</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://urbani-izziv.uirs.si/en/Urbaniizziv/tabid/95/Default.aspx</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volume 22, no. 2 </style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">122-136</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of this paper is to study Cerdà’s Plan of Urban Expansion of Barcelona from 1860; specifically, how and why it was conceived in a unique way in which the provision of services to the population was an important part of it. Ildefonso Cerdà based his expansion proposal on an in-depth socio-statistic study of old Barcelona’s population conditions. High mortality rates of the working class population, and poor health and education conditions pushed Cerdà to design a new type of urban planning, which he defined as “urbanism”, In the proposal of the new city he planned the location of services, such as marketplaces, schools and hospitals. In the first part of this paper we introduce the urban and political preconditions of Barcelona and the statistics on which Cerdà based his contribution. In the second part, we use location theory and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze the pattern of location and population served by markets and hospitals. In addition, using topographic maps from 1926 and 1975 we study the development of the Expansion up to when it was fully developed. The evolution of the city differed from Cerdà’s proposal, partly due to unexpected increases in population density, built environment and larger building occupation size. Nevertheless, Cerdà’s lay-out of streets and avenues has prevailed. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Keywords: urban planning, location theory, optimization, wellbeing, GIS, spatial decisions support system&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2011</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paül, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Incorporating annoyance in airport environmental policy: noise, societal response and community participation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Transport Geography </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692310000141</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">275–284</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Airport capacity continues to be one of the air transport issues that creates the most concern. The major environmental constraint for airports is the noise generated by aircraft. Annoyed communities living around airports have become a limiting factor for airport capacity and operability. This paper brings together the existing literature in the fields of airport environmental capacity, non-acoustic factors of noise annoyance, NIMBYism and environmental conflicts. We also analyze the socio-environmental conflict between Barcelona airport and the community of Gavà Mar. This case shows that the lack of trust between parties, the impossibility of predicting noise exposure, the absence of opportunities for civil society to speak and the difficulty of accessing relevant information foster annoyance and mobilization in the communities that live around the airport. In addition, it is shown that, in such a situation, communities’ reactions can evolve to a post-NIMBY stage in which proactive attitudes replace reactive ones.&lt;br /&gt;
Keywords&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;    Airport capacity;&lt;br /&gt;
    NIMBY syndrome;&lt;br /&gt;
    Non-acoustic factors of noise annoyance;&lt;br /&gt;
    Airport policy;&lt;br /&gt;
    Barcelona airport&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Productive gentrification in Barcelona: The effects of the new economy (Gentrificación productiva en Barcelona: efectos del nuevo espacio económico)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IV JORNADAS DE GEOGRAFÍA ECONÓMICA</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2 July</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grupo de Geografía Económica de la AGE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">León, Spain</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In the year 2000 it started in Barcelona´s Poblenou neighborhood a strategy of implementation of urban regeneration and economic development under the leadership of the public sector. The implementation of the 22@Barcelona project involves a transformation toward specialization in knowledge-intensive tertiary activity. As a result of new urban planning guidelines, the project has led to a productive process of displacement of traditional activities located in the new technological district. This paper presents a theoretical approach for the identification of the process of “productive gentrification&quot;, a concept that helps to interpret the relationships and effects on the productive base of the new economic space. The phenomenon of gentrification has been broadly defined and studied at residential level, especially within the Anglo-Saxon literature. The contribution of this paper focuses on redefining the concept in the field of production, taking business as units of analysis. To this end, we analyze the impact that the 22@Barcelona has generated focusing on the case of the industrial complex of Can Ricart. The urban reform plan implemented under the 22@Barcelona focuses on defining and promoting productive activities for new economy, which has resulted in the relocation of businesses to new metropolitan areas or its closing down. In this sense, the interpretation of the relationship between economic activities and connections of the new urban space can be understood from the productive gentrification concept, which is formulated and discussed in the article. Key words: productive gentrification, urban redevelopment, 22@Barcelona, public policy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot Jutgla, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The fuzziness of knowledge intensive production: the new economic space of Poblenou (Barcelona)  (L’ambigüitat de la producció intensiva en coneixement: el nou espai econòmic del Poblenou)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">389-408</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">At the beginning of the 21st century the economic activity of the Poblenou (Barcelona) has been transformed and it has been producing deep changes that affect the urban morphology and the behavior of economical and social agents of the neighborhood. This transformation takes place within a political structural frame, which involves an urban reform plan to convert this axis of the city into a new competitive technological and digital cluster. To study and evaluate the urban and economic transformation process of the area, this paper is divided into two parts. First, from a literature review approach, the paper analyzes the concept of knowledge economy and the implications that this productive model has on cities. Second, the paper focuses on the study of the development of the economic space of Poblenou and the implantation of the 22@Barcelona plan in period 2000-2006. Then, the definition and classification of economic knowledge activities is discussed. The analysis demonstrates that the definition of knowledge economy is fuzzy. The concept of knowledge as added value in the production is not easy to measure due to its intangible character; however, knowledge is included in the production process through new technologies and in other economic sectors.  Key words: new economy, knowledge economy, urban regeneration, 22@Barcelona.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montserrat Pallares-Barbera</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">How to change in difficult times? Advantages and disadvantages in the competitive Barcelona and symbolic economy (Com canviar quan els canvis són difícils? Avantatges i desavantatges de la Barcelona competitiva des de l’economia simbòlica)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000173%5C00000088.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">69</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">229-245</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Despite of historical economic changes, cities have always been the efficient&lt;br /&gt;
pinpoint of production systems. In this article I postulate that at the first&lt;br /&gt;
decade of the twenty-first century, the symbolic economy seems the equivalent&lt;br /&gt;
to what in previous periods were the Fordism or the Flexible Production System.&lt;br /&gt;
The objective is to analyze how the symbolic economy is formed, how&lt;br /&gt;
the cultural good is commodified and who demands it. In Barcelona, buildings&lt;br /&gt;
as the MACBA, designed by Richard Meier, or the AGBAR tower, by Jean&lt;br /&gt;
Nouvel, are public and private investments, respectively, which constitute two&lt;br /&gt;
of the global city symbols. The MACBA was specifically designed to be a&lt;br /&gt;
cultural institution. Otherwise, the AGBAR tower is an office premise. In this&lt;br /&gt;
article I argue that many of the symbolic elements were not built as such, but&lt;br /&gt;
they are part of the symbolic economy of a city.&lt;br /&gt;
Key words: Commodification, symbolic economy, economic geography.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Image creation, visibility and tourism. Growth strategies for the future (Creación de imagen, visibilidad y turismo como estrategias de crecimiento económico de la ciudad)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finisterra</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XLV</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">153-172</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Image creation, visibility and tourism. Growth strategies for the future? The aim of this paper is to analyse how Barcelona’s economic growth since the 1990s has been based on the production of advanced services, in which image creation and tourism have played a key role. In this context, we emphasise the role played by macro-events, such as the 1992 Olympic Games, which have brought about important changes to Barcelona’s economic model, and we highlight the importance of public-private partnerships and strategic planning. Additionally, we analyse the economic impact of tourism upon the city in the period 1990-2010, and we conclude with some reflections on the implications upon public space entailed by this growth strategy. Key words: Barcelona, tourism, economic development, public space, marketing.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot Jutgla, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Martín, A.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feria Toribio, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">García García, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojeda Rivera, J. A.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EL 22@BARCELONA O EL LIDERAZGO DEL ESPACIO URBANO. LA ECONOMÍA DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN LA BARCELONA DEL SIGLO XXI</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Localización: Territorios, sociedades y políticas </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150537</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universidad Pablo de Olavide ISBN 978-84-933457-8-5</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilla, Spain</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">525-536</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;En este artículo se distinguen y caracterizan las diferentes tipologías de actividades, estructuras urbanas y sociales que han convivido durante estos dos últimos siglos en el barrio del Poblenou de Barcelona. En este sentido la estructura del artículo incide especialmente en las morfologías resultantes de la nueva economía industrial. En concreto se analiza el proyecto 22@Barcelona (22@Bcn) como elemento que ha definido el espacio urbano de la nueva economía del Poblenou de principios del siglo veintiuno.&lt;br /&gt;
En segundo lugar se analiza el territorio con los agentes sociales y económicos, y las organizaciones capaces de adaptarse al nuevo escenario. La economía creativa que se podría definir como aquella dónde el mayor énfasis está en la imaginación humana, la innovación y la creatividad, repone en el reconocimiento de que la tecnología es la herramienta que ha permitido el cambio entre la economía industrial y la del conocimiento. Así, se podría decir que la relación entre creación y tecnología se cruzan y constituyen los determinantes competitivos de las nuevas empresas.&lt;br /&gt;
Finalmente, en tercer lugar se introducen algunos de los principales conflictos de la nueva transformación de la ciudad de Barcelona. Por un lado las distintas velocidades del 22@Bcn dan cómo resultado la reconversión del distrito industrial en tecnológico y, al mismo tiempo, las críticas de los vecinos que aprecian diferencias entre el avance del eje de negocios y el progreso de su entorno social.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Blanch, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nation boundaries and the twin city model (La frontera y el modelo de regiones gemelas)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Territorios, sociedades y políticas</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universidad Pablo de Olavide</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilla, Spain</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">511-524</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150533&quot;&gt;http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150533&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naturbanization and Local Development in the mountain areas of the Catalan Pyrenees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naturbanization. New identities and processes for rural-natural areas</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9780203881149.ch4</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor &amp; Francis Group, Publishers</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiden, Netherlands: 265 </style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> 75-92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9780203881149.ch4&quot;&gt;http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9780203881149.ch4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ABSTRACT: A process of urbanization has developed around the alpine ski resorts and the Natural Protected Areas (NPA). There are also processes of abandonment of settlement populations and mountain cultures by the disappearance of traditional economic activities. This entails a contradiction: the natural features of a territory can facilitate naturbanization, but it can also deteriorate the natural and socioeconomic environment of the territory. Local development, in the mountainous areas of Europe, can be explained by the existence of comparative advantages with regard to urban areas. In the Catalan Pyrenees, the theory of comparative advantage and the use of the territorial embeddedness theory enable us to demonstrate that, in the future, this short term analysis will have to be replaced by longer term analyses that also take into account environmental, social and cultural externalities.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public sector intervention in embodying new economy in inner urban areas: the Barcelona experience</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban Studies </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1137-1155</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burghouwt, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Spanish aviation network: the competitive position of Madrid and the Mediterranean axis, 2000-2008</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Papers from the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&amp;collection=ENV&amp;recid=12575822&amp;q=&amp;uid=790731714&amp;setcookie=yes</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Association of American Geographers </style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Francisco</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Since the liberalization of the European air transport market large airlines have built hub-and-spoke networks. However, since 2001 a number of European hubs have been torn down by their home based carriers. For example, British Airways at London Gatwick and Air France at Clermont-Ferrand. One of the last examples of network rationalization is the end of hub operations at Barcelona airport by Iberia. Instead, Iberia has been implementing a single hub operation in Madrid-Barajas.The first goal of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the Spanish airline network for the period 2000-2008. With this paper the authors fill a gap in the current scientific literature about the changing the connectivity levels and the competitive position of the Spanish airports and airline networks. Special attention will be given to the recent changes in the role of Madrid and Barcelona. We use the so-called NETSCAN model to quantify connectivity levels of airports and airline networks. Netscan measures the number of direct and indirect (transfer) connections and weighs these connections for their quality in terms of transfer and detour times.The second goal of this paper is to evaluate the competitive position in the air transport market of the Madrid mega-city region and the airport system of the Mediterranean axis (airports of Girona, Barcelona, Reus, Valencia and Alicante). First findings of this ongoing research show that in the Mediterranean axis while direct connectivity to Europe improves thanks to low-cost carriers, direct and indirect connectivity in the intercontinental market decreases dramatically.   Descriptors: Airports | Evolution Models |</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla Pujol, A.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albet Mas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baylina Ferré, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caballé Rivera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estalella Boadella, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia Ramon, M.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garriga Puigdengolas, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prats Ferret, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geografia regional</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universitat Oberta de Catalunya</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barcelona</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rise of the Spanish multinationals. European business in the global economy. Mauro F. Guillén</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Volume 83</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Worcester, MA, 02138</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Geography, 83: 453-454</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leonard, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">et al</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clúster creatius en entorns urbans: 22@Bcn i Shoreditch East London</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGAUR. Generalitat de Catalunya</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barcelona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-34</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Overcoming airport capacity environmental tensions at Barcelona's airport and future airport development strategies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Airneth Annual Conference Airneth/G.A.R.S research workshop “Optimal Use of Scarce Airport Capacity”</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 April 2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.airneth.nl/index.php/cat_view/33-activities/9-13-4-2007-airnethgars-research-workshop-papers-and-presentations.html</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www.airneth.com</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Hague</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">www.airneth.com</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The current European airport framework presents socio-environmental and territorial conflicts that are difficult to resolve. There is a need for the development of airport infrastructure; but such development can damage the environment and the interests of nearby inhabitants. The technical features of airport infrastructures are not the only elements relevant to increasing air-traffic volume. Enlarging airport capacity will also depend, in the short term, on management of the environmental impact on surrounding areas. This paper deals with the decision-making process involved in airport-planning based on the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) model in Catalonia’s airports. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the particular socio-environmental conflict that has taken place in the Municipalities of Gavà and Castelldefels since of the new third runway and the new South Terminal (still under construction) came into operation at Barcelona Airport. Objection to the acoustic pollution caused by aircraft landing and taking off on the third runway forced the airport authority to limit the capacity of the airport. This conflict has been partially resolved through certain work within the airport platform and through important changes to the Traffic Management Advisor. This conflict re-opened the debate concerning the suitability of a planned fourth runway, to be located over the sea, which would not only provide greater airport capacity but would also avoid noise disruption. While this option seems preferable to the political and entrepreneurial groups, others believe it would be more reasonable to solve the issue of airport capacity by extending the two secondary airports in Catalonia. Keywords: Socio-environmental conflicts, airport capacity, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Barcelona Airport, Catalan Airport System, airport development.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">et al</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE RURAL WORLD IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A COMPROMISE BETWEEN RURAL CULTURE, COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURES, NEW TECHNOLOGY AND LOCAL INITIATIVE. Summary</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/31</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abertis Foundation</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barcelona</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suau-Sanchez, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Airport planning and environmental strategies in Catalonia (Planificación aeroportuaria y estrategias ambientales en Catalunya)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://age.ieg.csic.es/boletin/45/05-planificacion.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">395-401, 99-121</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recent social movements have alerted public opinion and political administrations to the safety of the areas surrounding airports and the negative externalities produced by airport developments. From the economic geography perspective this is not a new issue, but due to the increasing importance of enlargements in airport capacity this has become a hot topic for policy makers and academics. Responsible airport development planning would avoid social conflicts and negative externalities in surrounding territories. Traditionally, the planning of airport developments has only focused on elements inside the airport; such as supply and demand forecasts and other aeronautical, engineering and economic variables. But the current airport framework presents new situations that cannot be solved by traditional methods since new and external variables are intrinsic to the decision-making process (Graham and Guyer, 1999). This paper deals with these new variables; in the sense of discussing how the trade-off between enlarging infrastructure and minimizing externalities are important elements in the decision making process regarding difficult-to-resolve incompatible land uses.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dot, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Martín, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The leadership of urban spaces: The 22@BCN Project (El 22@Barcelona o el liderazgo del espacio urbano. La economía del conocimiento en la Barcelona del siglo XXI)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XX Congreso AGE La geografía en la frontera de los conocimientos</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sevilla Spain</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-12</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150537&quot;&gt;http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3150537&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llurdés, J.C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of new technology in teaching geography in the EHEA. The subjects of Social and Economic Geography, Cartography and Photointerpretation, and GIS</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://digithum.uoc.edu/ojs/index.php/digithum/article/view/526</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://digithum.uoc.edu/ojs/index.php/digithum/article/view/526</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Over the last five years, the Autonomous University of Barcelona's Geography Department studies have undergone a series of structural changes. Adaptation to an online system has led to a structural change in the way in which knowledge is disseminated and materials produced, and the application of the so-called Bologna Process (adaptation to the European Higher Education Area, EHEA) has brought with it the need to change certain habits in the way knowledge is disseminated, a new credit transfer system (ECTS) and skills-based training. The Department has taken part in a pilot test project initiated by the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). In this period of change, we are simultaneously offering three teaching systems: the traditional system, in line with the study plan from 2002; the Bologna Process system, started in 2005-2006, and the online system, which was started in the academic year 2001-2002 and which does not form part of the Bologna Process. Two or three years from now, there will be two systems, face-to-face and online, both of which are to be adapted to the Bologna Process. This article looks to show what these changes have meant, in terms of the experience in subjects we teach (Cartography and Photo-interpretation, Social and Economic Geography and Geographic Information Systems), which provides the basis for a discussion of the pros and cons of adaptation of Geogr@phy On-line and to the Bologna Process. &lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;RECOMMENDED CITATION:&lt;br /&gt;
BADIA, A.; PALLARES-BARBERA, M.; LLURDÉS, J.C. (2006). The use of new technology in teaching geography in the EHEA. The subjects of Social and Economic Geography, Cartography and Photointerpretation, and GIS. Digithum [online article]. Iss. 8. UOC.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ISSN 1575-2275&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Blanch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE TWIN CITY MODEL IN THE PYRENEES TERRITORY: ANDORRA AND ALT URGELL BORDER REGION</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6 September</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EURS. Governance, territoriality and network policies or Diverse economies in Europe</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comwell Hotel, Roskilde, Denmark</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Citation:&lt;br /&gt;
Tulla, A. F.; Pallares-Blanch, M.; Pallares-Barbera, M.; Vera, A. (2006). THE TWIN CITY MODEL IN THE PYRENEES TERRITORY: ANDORRA AND ALT URGELL BORDER REGION. Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference. Governance, territoriality and network policies on Diverse economies in Europe. 21-24 September; Comwell Hotel, Roskilde, Denmark.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The new Europe of 25 countries still has different boundary spots inside like Switzerland with special agreements. One of these cases is the Principat d’Andorra in the Pyrenees, between France and Spain. Since the 1960’s decade this mountainous country of 465 sq. km has grown from 6,000 to more than 70,000 inhabitants in 2005 taking advantage of commercial and financial opportunities in relation to French and Spanish states but also to the European Union laws.&lt;br /&gt;
At the beginning of the 21rst century different policies from the government of Andorra have tried to diversify economic activities, to bring under control urban growth and developing territorial links with Alt Urgell a Catalan county of 22,000 inhabitants close to the southern boundary. There are human, goods, services and capital movements in both directions and public and private transport is very important. Because of that is possible to say that a twin city system is in process to be implemented. Our research group has completed a study which has elaborated primary data results on different type of relations in this city system.&lt;br /&gt;
The first wave of migration into Andorra was from Catalonia after the Spanish Civil War and from Alt Urgell and surroundings (1960-80) promoting important links between families. Many of them now have Andorran nationality. After the 1980 was there an important Spanish and Portuguese migration with an actual population of Andorrans 38%, Catalans 22%, Spaniards 17%, Portuguese 10%, French 6% and others 7%. The official language is Catalan and the currency is the euro. The number of visitors in Andorra was more than 13 million people in 2005 with important winter resorts. The Government of Andorra, recently, has taken the important decision to strengthen relations with the European Union, adapting several laws, even with a risk of reducing financial and commercial advantages.&lt;br /&gt;
In this paper we explain a model of reciprocal networks to be set up between economies and citizens of both, Andorra and Alt Urgell, territories. Mainly, there are flows in both directions, in relation to labour force mobility, goods and services purchase and direct economic investment. There are also plans to increase efficient transport networks and to make agreements related to environmental management. Andorra has more population and economic and financial initiatives whereas Alt Urgell has more urban and agrarian land available but also cultural and specific retail trade to give satisfaction to the whole population of twin city system. On top of that, the special governance of Andorra gives an important role to Alt Urgell. The Bishop of Urgell is at the same time the co-Princep of Andorra, together with the French President, and the seat of both religious and political positions are in the Seu d’Urgell.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Creating urban knowledge-activity hubs in Barcelona (Spain): A history of success?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102th Annual Meeting of Association of American Geographers</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AAG</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chicago IL</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New economy in traditional industrial urban spaces. The 22@Barcelona (LA NUEVA ECONOMÍA Y LOS ESPACIOS INDUSTRIALES TRADICIONALES: EL CASO DEL 22@ BARCELONA)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">II Jornadas de Geografía Económica. Industria y Ciudad: Geografía de una relación renovada</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-11</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Las tecnologías de la innovación y la comunicación han cambiado la estructura productiva de los negocios al mismo tiempo que la morfología urbana. La nueva economía ha configurado un nuevo modelo de localización industrial, generando en las ciudades un espacio propicio para el desarrollo y creación de empresas innovadoras. En el interior de los nuevos espacios urbanos industriales es posible acoger redes de empresas basadas en las nuevas tecnologías, como universidades o centros de innovación y desarrollo dando lugar a un claro ejemplo de nueva economía basada en la economía del conocimiento. El Barrio Barcelonés del Poblenou ha sido testimonio de dichas transformaciones, pasando de un espacio industrial tradicional a un nuevo espacio destinado al nuevo sistema económico. La finalidad de este artículo es presentar éstos cambios a través del proyecto del 22@ Barcelona.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia Perpinyà, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial distribution of ignitions in Mediterranean periurban and rural areas: The case of Catalonia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Wildland Fire</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-196</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Blanch, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The twin city model in the Pyrenees territory: Andorra and Alt Urgell border regions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Governance, territoriality and network policies or Diverse economies in Europe</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roskilde, Denmark</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-13</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Optimum location in the Cerdà's Plan. The p-median model in the L1 orthogonal network of Barcelona's Expansion (La percepció d’optimalitat en el Pla Cerdà. El model p-median en el disseny ortogonal L1 de l’eixample de Barcelona)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2574955</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">60</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-253</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Many of the present days ‘modern cities were transformed from their medieval past based on blueprints laid out by visionary city planners. These city planners resorted to methods of calculation prevailing in their day and age. This was probably combined with instinct and intuition that identified the talented city planner from the rest. Ildefonso Cerdà was one of such planner and the advent of the city structure of modern Barcelona must be attributed to his plan. Although Barcelona today is not entirely as Cerdà had visualized it, it is important to note that it is the result of changes imposed subsequently on the original Cerdà Plan. In order to chart out a course for future city planning in Barcelona it is essential to understand the original plan in the context of the objectives and analytical tools currently in vogue. Several programming techniques have been developed to resolve problems posed by various constraints to desirable objectives. Hence, various programming models have been applied to the problem of suitable locating facilities, like schools, subject to criteria that define the user’s convenience. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the p-Median Model can be used to test the optimality of the distribution of schools in Barcelona as proposed by Cerdà. The purpose here is to show different methodologies for making such comparisons. A meaningful optimality check would ordinarily require using the whole plan. However, a small sample of nodes has been considered for the limited purpose of showing the application of techniques. Key words: optimality, urban planning, urban facilities, p-median model.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casellas, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social capital as an analytical structure for studying gender and space (Capital social como estructura de análisis. Validaciones en perspectivas de género y territorio)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuadernos de Geografía</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.uv.es/cuadernosgeo/CG78_177_190.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">78</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">177 - 190</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This article examines the analytical categories of the concept of social capital from a gender perspective. How social capital is produced and distributed, and who are its beneficiaries are the subject of an ongoing debate amongst different disciplines. In geography, social capital can be described as a basic tool for interpretation, especially when studying the jobs of women in rural mountainous areas. This article analyses the contributions by four of the most important theoreticians of the concept: Pierre Bourdieu, James Coleman, Robert Putnam and Nan Lin, with the purpose of undertaking a re-interpretation of social capital that helps to open up a debate on how to identify and analyse the contributions made by women in the realm of social capital. KEY WORDS: Social capital, women’s jobs, rural areas, network analysis.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serra, P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Areas Taxonomy using GIS and Socioeconomic variables factor analysis (Taxonomías de áreas en el Pirineo Catalán: Aproximación metodológica al análisis de variables socioterritoriales)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GeoFocus</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11 February 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1168573</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209-245</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This article proposes a methodology based on geographical information systems and factor-analysis to carry out taxonomies for mountain areas in the Catalan Pyrenees. Initially, socio-economic and spatial variables have been used in the classification of the areas. Subsequently, the discrimination of homogeneous areas becomes important in order to undertake posterior studies about their development and to facilitate the creation of specific public policies adjusted to their main competitive advantages. The confrontation of such extreme and rival neighbouring uses in small Pyrenean regions -such as natural parks and productive activities- with externalities arising and affecting each others’ activities, requires governmental instruments to intervene in order to achieve a more efficient allocation of resources in the face of externalities, to decrease production where there is external cost and to increase it where there are external benefits. Necessarily, these policies would have to be related to urban planning and to take into account economic and social aspects. Keywords: local development, GIS, multivariate analysis, rural mountainous areas, natural protected areas.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovation, and networks in the study of the territory (Innovación, redes y flujos en el estudio del territorio)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159-180</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While space might shrink, the flows of goods in space gets constantly wider. Great inventions in history have marked the reorganization of space as well as some activities, some spatial relations and the value of territory. Space has been adapting to these needs offering new opportunities and challenges. Geography has become the leading science to analyze and mediate in these processes. The space of markets, the relations between the digital world and the real world, “geolocalization” of services and new economic activities have moved geography to a new level within social sciences. This round table starts from the following standpoint: How do the extreme speed of flows affects the meaning and perception that in different social and cultural settings people have? Keywords: innovation, flows, networks.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Location determinants of Barcelona's hinterland at the beguinning of the twenty one century (Estructura productiva i potencials de localització de l’àrea d’influència de Barcelona al tomb dels segle XXI)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Revista de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.revistadegeografia.com/revista3/PALLARES.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63-92</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial loyalty and territorial embeddedness in the multi-sector clustering of the Berguedà region in Catalonia (Spain)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geoforum</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">635-649</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The development of clusters of local growth is supported by different processes. Endogenous economic development produced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is based on family firms in which local market characteristics influence the sectorial diversification that emerges within certain regions. In the Berguedà region (Catalonia, Spain), the formation of a successful network of SMEs in three main sectors (food, textile and machinery) in the 1990s demonstrated the importance of grass-roots prerequisites, including industrial tradition, social networks and a sense of spatial loyalty, one of the main concepts studied in this paper. The aim of this paper is to study how institutions, local economic networks and collective social agents generate a propitious economic space that constitutes favourable embedding in Berguedà. However, the key element in this industrial system is the loyalty that entrepreneurs and workers feel towards their industrial region. These two processes, territorial embeddedness and spatial loyalty, appear to be two of the major forces behind the economic dynamism of the region and have led to the formation of a new cluster of firms. Author Keywords: Spatial loyalty; Local development; Territorial embeddedness; Multi-sector clustering; Identity </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic geography and industrial location (Geografia econòmica i localització industrial)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.raco.cat/index.php/DocumentsAnalisi/article/view/31790/31625</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">42</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171-182</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In human geography, the theory of localisation and, specifically, that of industrial localisation has been one of the most broadly covered issues over time, and is closely related to other disciplines. This article outlines the various contributions made in industrial localisation, from Weberian analysis up to the network economy, without forgoing a consideration of mass-production or Just-in-Time systems. Methodologically, the analysis of industrial localisation is framed within the structure of globalisation/regionalisation in which the economic activity of the 20th and 21st Centuries takes place. It also focuses on the impact on the productive system caused by innovation in areas such as technology, communication, infrastructures and business organisation, and how this has been reflected in industrial space. Key words: localisation theory, economic geography, industrial localisation.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Firm network and Internet in the mountain rural areas of Catalonia (Spain) (La adopción de Internet en la red de empresas y la percepción de la nueva economía en comarcas semi-remotas de tradición industrial de Catalunya)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=765888</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129-147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The decreasing impact of distance in the exchange of information has changed the way in which business are done. Mountain areas close to metropolitan spaces have received new firms and the old business network adjusted to these new technologies in their everyday operations. Competitive advantages have reshaped regions and they generated new locational model. The objective of this article is to study the process of business location in Catalonia's mountain areas (Spain) taking into account Internet and new technologies. Keywords: ICT, rural areas, industrial location, economic geography.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">La adopción de Internet en la red de empresas y la percepción de la nueva economía en comarcas semi-remotas de tradición industrial en Catalunya</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129-147</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Local development, socioeconomic and natural externalities in mountain areas</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional Geography and its applications</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Institute of Geonics</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brno (Txeck Republic)</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> 178-185</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Social Capital and women's work in the Pyrennees (Capital social i treball de les dones als Pirineus. El cas de l’Alt Urgell)</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=187201</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalonia Women's Institute (Institut Català de les Dones)</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barcelona</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soriano, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The transformation of agrarian space in mountain areas of Catalonia (La transformació del model agrari en àrees de muntanya)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Espais</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Espais/article/viewArticle/91760/0</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82-97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spring</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minguillón Alfonso, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lloret, T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards a web based system for teaching quantitative geography models</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTE 2002) ICTE_Badajoz_2002</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July, 2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTE 2002), Badajoz, Spain, 20-23 Nov 2002.</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1035-1039</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulla A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia Perpinyà, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serra Ruiz, P.,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera Martín, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Area taxonomy in the Pyrenees (Taxonomía de áreas en el Pirineo catalán: aproximación metodológica al análisis de variables socio-territoriales)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MÉTODOS CUANTITATIVOS, SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y TELEDETECCIÓN. CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA EN UN MUNDO GLOBALIZADO</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGE Grupo Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valladolid, Spain</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://age.ieg.csic.es/metodos/congresos/valladolid02.html</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enterprise embeddedness and Industrial Innovation in Spain: An Overview</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Embedded enterprise and social capital: international perspectives</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Embedded-Enterprise-and-Social-Captial/Michael-Taylor/e/9780754615170#TABS</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ashgate</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aldershot UK</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ashgate: 113-126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The concept of “embeddedness” refers to the social construction of inter-firm relationships and the enmeshing of economic relationships within broader social structures and relationships in particular places. Previous research has suggested “embedding” is the best way to generate local growth and social capital and has focused on SMEs in Europe and North America, although the existing model is being more widely adopted now. This volume is the first to examine the complex processes of “embedding” in this wider context. Bringing together a broad range of case studies from the developed and developing world which address the nature of embeddedness from various perspectives, it not only questions the universality of the current model and the policy initiatives it has spawned but also provides a much wider understanding of “embeddedness”. It does so by discussing the social dimensions more fully and&lt;br /&gt;
by throwing light on the spatial and temporal ambiguity of the concept and its inadequate treatment of power. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contents&lt;br /&gt;
Approaching embeddedness, Michael Taylor and Simon Leonard; Embeddedness and innovation, Ron Boschma, Jan Lambooy and Veronique Schutjens; Rethinking institutions and embeddedness in a third world context, Giles Mohan; Supply chains, embeddedness and the restructuring of Argentina’s tanning industry, Kjersti Wølneberg; Going places? Reflections on embedding and disembedding in agriculture and horticulture under neoliberalism: the example of Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand, David Hayward, Christina Stringer and Richard Le Heron; Weakening ties: the embeddedness of small UK electronics firms, Sara Openshaw and Michael Taylor;&lt;br /&gt;
Enterprise embeddedness and industrial innovation in Spain: an overview, Montserrat Pallares-Barbera; Local embeddedness in global financial services: Australian evidence in ‘the end of geography’, Pierre Agnes; Local embeddedness and service firms: evidence from Southern England, Paul Search&lt;br /&gt;
and Michael Taylor; Embedded project-production in magazine publishing: a case of self-exploitation?, Carol Ekinsmyth; Local embeddedness, ‘institutional thickness’ and the state regulation of local labour markets, Simon Leonard; Diasporic embeddedness and Asian women entrepreneurs in the UK, Irene Hardill, Parvati Raghuram and Adam Strange; Over- and Under-embeddedness: failures in developing mixed embeddedness among Israeli entrepreneurs, Michael Sofer and Izhak Schnell; Enterprise, embeddedness and exclusion: business relationships in a small island developing economy, Michael Taylor; The local embeddedness of firms in Turkish industrial districts: the changing roles of networks in local development, Ayda Eraydin; Understanding embeddedness, Michael Taylor and Simon Leonard.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia i Perpinyà, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fires in peripherical urban areas and fires in rural areas. A case study of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and the county of Bages (Incendis periurbans front a incendis rurals. Els casos de l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona i la comarca del Bages)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.raco.cat/index.php/DocumentsAnalisi/search/results?query=montserrat+pallar%C3%A8s+barber%C3%A0&amp;searchField=1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17-42</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest fires require specific response depending on the physical features of the terrain and its social use. This paper shows two areas which, have completely different ignitor characteristics despite their spatial proximity. These are the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, which is completely urban, and the county of Bages, much more rural. These differences have been observed from the collection and analysis of the data of the fires that took place in these two areas between 1987 and 1998. The data show a different distribution of fire outbreaks in more dense urban areas and in more spread out rural areas, where fires are more difficult to detect. This fact explains why a larger area was burnt in Bages during the lapse of time studied. It is important, thus, that the policies to be applied are customized with specific and differentiate characteristics for every case. Key words: forest fires, ignition, propagation, Geographical Information Systems, continuity of vegetation mass.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic spaces and industrial innovative milieus in the region of Berguedà (Spain) (Espais econòmics i milieus innovatius industrials a la comarca del Berguedà)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=226230</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">38</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-53</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The main objective of this paper is to study comparative advantages of the Berguedà region (Catalonia) for the industrial network of small and medium enterprises, based on three elements: territory, economic and social. Results are placed on the basis of the performance of three main actors: small and medium enterprises, institutions and territory. Three endogenous development models are used to analyse competitive strategies of economic development in the region: industrial district, innovative milieu and industrial embeddedness. Key words: Berguedà, industrial district, innovative milieu, industrial embeddedness, endogenous development model.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piñol, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Análisis de Cuadrados para Analizar la Concentración de Igniciones en Áreas Urbanas y Rurales. Los casos del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y la Comarca del Bages</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tecnologías Geográficas para el Desarrollo Sostenible</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universidad de Alcalá, Spain: 367-380</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcalá de Henares, Madrid</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar estadísticamente que la distribución de incendios responde a patrones de comportamiento regular, aleatorio o agrupado dependiendo de la tipología del territorio y de sus funciones. La metodología de base consiste en la aplicación del análisis de cuadrados (AC), en el marco de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). La distinta distribución espacial que se observa en zonas urbanas, con incendios más concentrados, y en zonas rurales, con incendios más dispersos, es el resultado de comportamientos ignitorios distintos y por lo tanto, las acciones y políticas que se tengan que aplicar, han de resolver situaciones con características específicas y diferenciadas en cada caso. Para definir estos modelos se ha considerado dos ámbitos de la geografía catalana muy distintos en cuanto al uso del territorio y por lo tanto, al comportamiento de los incendios, el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona, zona completamente urbanizada (AMB) y la comarca del Bages, zona con una estructura mucho más rural. Palabras clave: SIG, análisis de cuadrados, igniciones en áreas urbanas, igniciones en áreas rurales.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vera, A.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alonso, J. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Méndez, R.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial embeddedness and innovative milieu in the Berguedà County (Spain). (Incrustación industrial y medio innovador en la comarca del Berguedà)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Innovación, pequeña empresa y desarrollo local en España</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Civitas</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madrid</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-210</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;CITATION:&lt;br /&gt;
PALLARES-BARBERA, M. &amp;amp; VERA MARTÍN, A. (2000). &quot;Incrustación industrial y medio innovador en la comarca del Berguedà&quot;. Alonso, J.L. Méndez, R. (coord.). Innovación, Pequeña Empresa y Desarrollo Local en España. Civitas: Madrid: 195-210. ISBN 84-470-1505-X.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changing production systems and spatial reaction:  The automobile industry in Spain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Economic Geography</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1998</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">344-359</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flexible production system, Just-In-Time and spatial adjustments in the automobile industry in Spain (Sistemas de producción Flexible y Just-In-Time en la industria del automóvil en España)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1318563</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-71</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During the 1990s the main auto industries in Spain introduced the Just-In-Time system of production. This paper studies the spatial readjustments due too thr production system restructuration.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International economic integration. Industry and region. Interrelationship and dependence on new production systems (Indústria i territori. Interrelació i dependència en els nous sistemes productius)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000073/00000002.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XI</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-89</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The aim of this article is to provide a framework for understanding industrial geography in globalization. The economic conditions in which activities and in particular productive activity are following international economic integration. In particular, this article focuses on issues relating to the dynamic relationship between center-periphery and the life cycle of the industry, as well as the transition of production systems. An indirect aim of this paper is to offer an approach to industrial geography as complex phenomena for understanding in undergraduate courses in economic geography.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallares-Barbera, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nissan Motor Ibérica in Spain and Japanese production systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Japan and the European periphery</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1996</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macmillan</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basingstoke/London</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">180-191</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The book describes Japanese economic links with peripheral regions in Europe. Focusing particularly on manufacturing investment, the impact of Japanese firms is assessed against a background of increasing European economic integration. The uneven distribution of Japan's economic presence in Europe is emphasized, as is the importance of core economic regions for future investment activity. The growing importance of core regions is then linked to emerging patterns in the growth of science-based industries, as well as efforts by national and regional agencies to attract inward investment. &lt;/p&gt;
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