<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrank, W. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liberman, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fischer, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avorn, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kilabuk, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesselheim, A. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brennan, T. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choudhry, N. K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The consequences of requesting &quot;dispense as written&quot;</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Med</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435421</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><edition><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011/03/26</style></edition><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">124</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-17</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1555-7162 (Electronic)0002-9343 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: All US states have adopted generic substitution laws to reduce medication costs. However, physicians may override these regulations by prescribing branded drugs and requesting that they are dispensed as written. Patients also can make these requests. Little is known about the frequency and correlates of dispense as written requests or their association with medication filling. METHODS: We identified beneficiaries of a large pharmacy benefits manager who submitted a prescription claim from any pharmacy in January 2009. We categorized claims as a physician-assigned dispense as written, patient-assigned dispense as written, or no dispense as written. We described rates of these requests and used generalized estimating equations to evaluate physician, patient, treatment, and pharmacy characteristics associated with dispense as written requests. We also used generalized estimating equations to assess the relationship between dispense as written designation and rates prescriptions are not filled by patients. RESULTS: Our sample included 5.6 million prescriptions for more than 2 million patients. More than 2.7% were designated as dispense as written by physicians, and 2.0% were designated as dispense as written by patients. Substantial variation in dispense as written requests were seen by medication class, patient and physician age, and geographic region. The odds of requesting dispense as written was 78.5% greater for specialists than generalists (P&lt;;.001). When chronic prescriptions were initiated, physician dispense as written (odds ratio 1.50, P&lt;;.001) and patient dispense as written (odds ratio 1.60, P&lt;;.001) were associated with greater odds that patients did not fill the prescription. CONCLUSION: Dispense as written requests were common and associated with decreased rates of prescription filling. Options to reduce rates of dispense as written requests may reduce costs and improve medication adherence.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21435421</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shrank, William HLiberman, Joshua NFischer, Michael AAvorn, JerryKilabuk, ElaineChang, AndrewKesselheim, Aaron SBrennan, Troyen AChoudhry, Niteesh KUnited StatesThe American journal of medicineAm J Med. 2011 Apr;124(4):309-17.</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Center for American Political Studies, Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, Mass.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>