McKone E, Martini P, Nakayama K. Isolating holistic processing in faces (and perhaps objects). In: Peterson MA, Rhodes G Perception of faces, objects, and scenes: Analytic and holistic processes. Advances in visual cognition. London: Oxford University Press; 2003. p. 92-117.
We report the isolation and physiological characterization of novel, psychrophilic, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) from low-temperature weathering habitats in the vicinity of the Juan de Fuca deep-sea hydrothermal area. The FeOB were cultured from the surfaces of weathered rock and metalliferous sediments. They are capable of growth on a variety of natural and synthetic solid rock and mineral substrates, such as pyrite (FeS2), basalt glass ([~]10 wt% FeO), and siderite (FeCO3), as their sole energy source, as well as numerous aqueous Fe substrates. Growth temperature characteristics correspond to the in situ environmental conditions of sample origin; the FeOB grow optimally at 3 to 10{degrees}C and at generation times ranging from 57 to 74 h. They are obligate chemolithoautotrophs and grow optimally under microaerobic conditions in the presence of an oxygen gradient or anaerobically in the presence of nitrate. None of the strains are capable of using any organic or alternate inorganic substrates tested. The bacteria are phylogenetically diverse and have no close Fe-oxidizing or autotrophic relatives represented in pure culture. One group of isolates are {gamma}-Proteobacteria most closely related to the heterotrophic bacterium Marinobacter aquaeolei (87 to 94% sequence similarity). A second group of isolates are {alpha}-Proteobacteria most closely related to the deep-sea heterotrophic bacterium Hyphomonas jannaschiana (81 to 89% sequence similarity). This study provides further evidence for the evolutionarily widespread capacity for Fe oxidation among bacteria and suggests that FeOB may play an unrecognized geomicrobiological role in rock weathering in the deep sea.
Lieberson S. Jewish Names and the Names of Jews. In: Demsky A These Are the Names: Studies in Jewish Onomastics, Vol. 4. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press; 2003. p. 155-166.
We present measurements of parameters of the three-dimensional powerspectrum of galaxy clustering from 222 square degrees of early imagingdata in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The projected galaxydistribution on the sky is expanded over a set of Karhunen-Loève(KL) eigenfunctions, which optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in ouranalysis. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to estimate parametersthat set the shape and amplitude of the three-dimensional power spectrumof galaxies in the SDSS magnitude-limited sample withr*<21. Our best estimates are Γ=0.188+/-0.04 andσ8L=0.915+/-0.06 (statistical errors only), for a flatuniverse with a cosmological constant. We demonstrate that ourmeasurements contain signal from scales at or beyond the peak of thethree-dimensional power spectrum. We discuss how the results scale withsystematic uncertainties, like the radial selection function. We findthat the central values satisfy the analytically estimated scalingrelation. We have also explored the effects of evolutionary corrections,various truncations of the KL basis, seeing, sample size, and limitingmagnitude. We find that the impact of most of these uncertainties staywithin the 2 σ uncertainties of our fiducial result.
This chapter outlines the theory (first explicitly defended by Pinker and Bloom 1990), that the human language faculty is a complex biological adaptation that evolved by natural selection for communication in a knowledge- using, socially interdependent lifestyle. This claim might seem to be any- one’s first guess about the evolutionary status of language, and the default prediction from a Darwinian perspective on human psychological abilities. But the theory has proved to be controversial, as shown by the commentaries in Pinker and Bloom (1990) and the numerous debates on language evolution since then (Fitch 2002; Hurford et al. 1998). In the chapter I will discuss the design of the language faculty, the theory that language is an adaptation, alternatives to the theory, an examination of what language might an adaptation for, and how the theory is being tested by new kinds of analyses and evidence.
The influence of pressure on laser-induced incandescence (LII) is investigated systematically in premixed, laminar, sooting ethylene /air flames at 1-15 bar with wavelength-, laser fluence-, and time-resolved detection. In the investigated pressure range the LII signal decay rate is proportional to pressure. This observation is consistent with the prediction of heat-transfer models in the free-molecular regime. Pressure does not systematically affect the relationship between LII signal and laser fluence. With appropriate detection timing the pressure influence on LII signal "s proportionality to soot volume fraction obtained by extinction measurements is only minor compared with the variation observed in different flames at fixed pressures. The implications for particle sizing and soot volume fraction measurements using LII techniques at elevated pressures are discussed.
The influence of pressure on laser-induced incandescence (LII) is investigated systematically in premixed, laminar, sooting ethylene /air flames at 1-15 bar with wavelength-, laser fluence-, and time-resolved detection. In the investigated pressure range the LII signal decay rate is proportional to pressure. This observation is consistent with the prediction of heat-transfer models in the free-molecular regime. Pressure does not systematically affect the relationship between LII signal and laser fluence. With appropriate detection timing the pressure influence on LII signal "s proportionality to soot volume fraction obtained by extinction measurements is only minor compared with the variation observed in different flames at fixed pressures. The implications for particle sizing and soot volume fraction measurements using LII techniques at elevated pressures are discussed.
The influence of pressure on laser-induced incandescence (LII) is investigated systematically in premixed, laminar, sooting ethylene/air flames at 1-15 bar with wavelength-, laser fluence-, and time-resolved detection. In the investigated pressure range the LII signal decay rate is proportional to pressure. This observation is consistent with the prediction of heat-transfer models in the free-mol. regime. Pressure does not systematically affect the relation between LII signal and laser fluence. With appropriate detection timing the pressure influence on LII signal’s proportionality to soot vol. fraction obtained by extinction measurements is only minor compared with the variation obsd. in different flames at fixed pressures. The implications for particle sizing and soot vol. fraction measurements using LII techniques at elevated pressures are discussed.
The influence of pressure on laser-induced incandescence (LII) is investigated systematically in premixed, laminar, sooting ethylene/air flames at 1-15 bar with wavelength-, laser fluence-, and time-resolved detection. In the investigated pressure range the LII signal decay rate is proportional to pressure. This observation is consistent with the prediction of heat-transfer models in the free-mol. regime. Pressure does not systematically affect the relation between LII signal and laser fluence. With appropriate detection timing the pressure influence on LII signal’s proportionality to soot vol. fraction obtained by extinction measurements is only minor compared with the variation obsd. in different flames at fixed pressures. The implications for particle sizing and soot vol. fraction measurements using LII techniques at elevated pressures are discussed.
