%0 Journal Article %D Working Paper %T Fewer Words, Please. (In Prep). %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Rogers, Todd %G eng %0 Journal Article %D Working Paper %T Highlighting Directs (and Crowds Out) Visual Attention. (Draft). %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Rogers, Todd %G eng %0 Journal Article %J American Journal of Health Promotion %D 2022 %T A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit %A Mitesh S. Patel %A Katherine L. Milkman %A Linnea Gandhi %A Heather N. Graci %A Gromet, Dena %A Hung Ho %A Joseph S. Kay %A Timothy W. Lee %A Rothschild, Jake %A Modupe Akinola %A John Beshears %A Rogers, Todd %B American Journal of Health Promotion %G eng %U https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/08901171221131021 %0 Journal Article %J PLOS One %D 2022 %T Signals of value drive engagement with multi-round information interventions. %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Rogers, Todd %X For information interventions to be effective, recipients must first engage with them. We show that engagement with repeated digital information interventions is shaped by subtle and strategically controllable signals of the information’s value. In particular, recipients’ expectations are shaped by signals from the “envelope” that surrounds a message in an information intervention. The envelope conveys clues about the message but does not reveal the message itself. When people expect the message to be valuable, delivering it in a consistent and recognizable envelope over time increases engagement relative to varying the envelope. Conversely, when people expect the message to be of little value, delivering it in a consistent and recognizable envelope decreases engagement relative to varying the envelope. We show this with two field experiments involving massive open online courses and one online survey experiment (all pre-registered, N = 439,150). %B PLOS One %V 17 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276072 %N 10 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %D 2021 %T A megastudy of text-based nudges encouraging patients to get vaccinated at an upcoming doctor's appointment %A Katherine Milkman %A Patel, Mitesh %A Linnea Gandhi %A Graci, Heather %A Gromet, Dena %A Hung Ho %A Kay, Joseph %A Lee, Timothy %A Modupe Akinola %A John Beshears %A Bogard, Jonathan %A Alison Buttenheim %A Christopher Chabris %A Chapman, Gretchen %A James Choi %A Hengchen Dai %A Fox, Craig %A Amir Goren %A Hilchey, Matthew %A Jillian Hmurovic %A John, Leslie %A Dean Karlan %A Melanie Kim %A David Laibson %A Cait Lamberton %A Brigitte Madrian %A Michelle Meyer %A Maria Modanu %A Jimin Nam %A Rogers, Todd %A Renante Rondina %A Silvia Saccardo %A Shermohammed, Maheen %A Dilip Soman %A Jehan Sparks %A Caleb Warren %A Megan Weber %A Ron Berman %A Evans, Chalanda %A Snider, Christopher %A Eli Tsukayama %A Christophe Van den Bulte %A Kevin Volpp %A Duckworth, Angela %X Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment (N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via text message and designed to boost adoption of the influenza vaccine. Our findings suggest that text messages sent prior to a primary care visit can boost vaccination rates by an average of 5%. Overall, interventions performed better when they were 1) framed as reminders to get flu shots that were already reserved for the patient and 2) congruent with the sort of communications patients expected to receive from their healthcare provider (i.e., not surprising, casual, or interactive). The best-performing intervention in our study reminded patients twice to get their flu shot at their upcoming doctor’s appointment and indicated it was reserved for them. This successful script could be used as a template for campaigns to encourage the adoption of life-saving vaccines, including against COVID-19. %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %V 118 %G eng %U https://web.archive.org/web/20210615060117id_/https:/www.pnas.org/content/pnas/118/20/e2101165118.full.pdf %N 20 %0 Journal Article %J Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis %D 2021 %T Parent Engagement Interventions Are Not Costless: Opportunity Cost and Crowd Out of Parental Investment %A Carly Robinson %A Chande, Raj %A Simon Burgess %A Rogers, Todd %X Many educational interventions encourage parents to engage in their child’s education as if parental time and attention is limitless. Sadly, though, it is not. Successfully encouraging certain parental investments may crowd out other productive behaviors. A randomized field experiment (N = 2,212) assessed the impact of an intervention in which parents of middle and high school students received multiple text messages per week encouraging them to ask their children specific questions tied to their science curriculum. The intervention increased parent–child at-home conversations about science but did not detectably impact science test scores. However, the intervention decreased parent engagement in other, potentially productive, parent behaviors. These findings illustrate that parent engagement interventions are not costless: There are opportunity costs to shifting parental effort. %B Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2021 %T Poison Parasite Defense: Turning Frequently Encountered Duplicitous Mass Communications into Self-Negating Memory Retrieval Cues. %A Robert Cialdini %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Linda J. Demaine %A Daniel W. Barrett %A Brad J. Sagarin %A Rogers, Todd %B Psychological Science %G eng %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Using Behavioral Insights to Improve School Administrative Communications:The Case of Truancy Notifications %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Carly Robinson %A Hedy Chang %A Rogers, Todd %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Science %D 2020 %T Campaigns influence election outcomes less than you think %A Nickerson, David W. %A Rogers, Todd %B Science %V 369 %P 1181-1182 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %D 2020 %T Returnable reciprocity: Returnable gifts are more effective than unreturnable gifts at promoting virtuous behaviors %A Julian J. Zlatev %A Rogers, Todd %X

Increasing virtuous behaviors, such as initiating healthy habits, is an important goal for policymakers and social scientists. To promote compliance with requests to perform virtuous behaviors, we study “returnable reci­ procity.” Whereas traditional reciprocity involves giving people unreturnable unsolicited gifts to encourage compliance, returnable reciprocity involves offering opportunities to return the unsolicited gifts if they choose not to comply. Four studies (and two additional supplemental studies) show that returnable reciprocity (compared to traditional reciprocity) leads to higher enrollment in a hypothetical workplace wellness program (Study 1), as well as greater compliance in an incentive-compatible large-scale field experiment (Study 2) and conceptual lab replications (Studies 3 & S1). Returnable reciprocity may be more effective than traditional reciprocity because it induces increased feelings of guilt for non-compliance (Study 3). Though making an un­ solicited gift returnable can be inexpensive, it appears to impose psychological costs that negatively affect the tactic’s overall impact on social welfare (Studies 4 & S2).

%B Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %V 161 %P 74-84 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %D 2020 %T Simplification and defaults affect adoption and impact of technology, but decision makers do not realize it. %A Peter Bergman %A Jessica Lasky-Fink %A Rogers, Todd %B Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Management Science %D 2019 %T Procedural Justice and the Risks of Consumer Voting %A Kim, T. %A John, L. K. %A Rogers, T. %A M.I. Norton %B Management Science %V 65 %P 5234-5251 %G eng %N 11 %0 Journal Article %J Cognition %D 2019 %T Selective exposure partly relies on faulty affective forecasts %A Charles A. Dorison %A Julia A. Minson %A Rogers, Todd %B Cognition %V 188 %P 98-107 %G eng %N July 2019 %0 Journal Article %J Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %D 2019 %T The Demotivating Effect (and Unintended Message) of Awards. %A Carly D. Robinson %A Jana Gallus %A Monica G. Lee %A Rogers, Todd %B Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Harvard Education Press %D 2019 %T Absent from School: Understanding and Addressing Student Absenteeism %A M. Gottfried %A E. Hutt %B Harvard Education Press %G eng %N February 2019 %0 Journal Article %J Nature Human Behavior %D 2018 %T Reducing Student Absences at Scale by Targeting Parents' Misbeliefs %A Rogers, Todd %A Avi Feller %B Nature Human Behavior %G eng %U https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0328-1 %0 Journal Article %J Annual Review of Psychology %D 2018 %T Social Mobilization %A Rogers, Todd %A Noah J. Goldstein %A Craig R. Fox %B Annual Review of Psychology %V 2018 %P 357-81 %G eng %N 69 %0 Journal Article %J American Educational Research Journal %D 2018 %T Reducing Student Absenteeism in the Early Grades by Targeting Parental Beliefs %A Carly D. Robinson %A Monica G. Lee %A Eric Dearing %A Rogers, Todd %B American Educational Research Journal %V 26 %P 353-383 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Frontiers In Psychology %D 2018 %T Some Middle School Students Want Behavior Commitment Devices (but Take-Up Does Not Affect Their Behavior) %A Carly D. Robinson %A Gonzalo A. Pons %A Angela L. Duckworth %A Rogers, Todd %B Frontiers In Psychology %V February 2018 %G eng %N Vol 9, Article 206 %0 Journal Article %J Nature Human Behaviour %D 2017 %T On the misplaced politics of behavioural policy interventions %A David Tannenbaum %A Craig R. Fox %A Rogers, Todd %B Nature Human Behaviour %V 1 %P 1-7 %G eng %N 10 July 2017 %0 Journal Article %J Research in Organizational Behavior %D 2017 %T Innovation with field experiments: Studying organizational behaviors in actual organizations %A Oliver P. Hauser %A Linos, Elizabeth %A Rogers, Todd %B Research in Organizational Behavior %V 37 %P 185-198 %G eng %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191308517300072 %N 2017 %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2017 %T The Belief in a Favorable Future %A Rogers, T. %A D. A. Moore %A M.I. Norton %B Psychological Science %V 28 %P 1290-1301 %G eng %N 9 %0 Journal Article %J Electoral Studies %D 2017 %T Social pressure and voting: A field experiment conducted in a high-salience election %A Rogers, Todd %A Donald P. Green %A John Ternovski %A Carolina Ferrerosa Young %B Electoral Studies %V 46 %P 87-100 %G eng %N 2017 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Educational Psychology %D 2016 %T Creating birds of similar feathers: Leveraging similarity to improve teacher-student relationships and academic achievement %A Gehlbach, H. %A Brinkworth, M.E. %A King, A. M. %A Hsu, L. M. %A McIntyre, J. %A Rogers, T. %B Journal of Educational Psychology %V 108 %P 342-352 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Science %D 2016 %T Unacquainted callers can predict which citizens will vote over and above citizens' stated self-predictions %A Rogers, Todd %A Leanne Brinke %A Dana Carney %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Science %V 113 %P 6449-6453 %G eng %N 23 %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2016 %T Reminders Through Association %A Rogers, Todd %A Katherine L. Milkman %B Psychological Science %V 27 %P 973-986 %G eng %N 7 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Science %D 2016 %T Potential follow-up increases private contributions to public good %A Rogers, Todd %A John Ternovski %A Erez Yoeli %B Proceedings of the National Academy of Science %V 113 %P 5218-5220 %8 25 April, 2016 %G eng %N 19 %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2016 %T Discouraged by Peer Excellence: Exposure to Exemplary Peer Performance Causes Quitting %A Rogers, Todd %A Avi Feller %B Psychological Science %V 27 %P 365-374 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Personality and Social Psychology %D 2016 %T Artful Paltering: The Risks and Rewards of Using Truthful Statements to Mislead Others %A Rogers, Todd %A Richard Zeckhauser %A Francesca Gino %A Schweitzer, Maurice %A Norton, Mike %B Journal of Personality and Social Psychology %V 112 %P 456-473 %8 2016 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Political Behavior %D 2016 %T Unresponsive and Unpersuaded: The Unintended Consequences of a Voter Persuasion Effort %A Michael A. Bailey %A Daniel J. Hopkins %A Rogers, Todd %B Political Behavior %8 2016 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making %D 2016 %T Changing Behavior Beyond the Here and Now %A Rogers, Todd %A Frey, Erin %B Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making %7 First Edition %P 726-748 %8 2015 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Behavioral Science & Policy %D 2015 %T Beyond good intentions: Prompting people to make plans improves follow-through on important tasks %A Rogers, Todd %A Katherine L. Milkman %A Leslie K. John %A Michael I. Norton %B Behavioral Science & Policy %V 1(2) %G eng %U https://behavioralpolicy.org/articles/beyond-good-intentions-prompting-people-to-make-plans-improves-follow-through-on-important-tasks/ %N December 2015 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Experimental Political Science %D 2015 %T Losing Hurts: The Happiness Impact of Partisan Electoral Loss %A Lamar Pierce %A Rogers, Todd %A Jason A. Snyder %B Journal of Experimental Political Science %V FirstView Article %P 1-16 %8 2015 %G eng %N 12 October 2015 %0 Journal Article %J Economics of Education Review %D 2015 %T The underutilized potential of teacher-to-parent communication: Evidence from a field experiment %A Matthew A. Kraft %A Rogers, Todd %B Economics of Education Review %V 47 %P 49-63 %8 2015 %G eng %N 2015 %0 Journal Article %J Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences %D 2014 %T Persistence: How Treatment Effects Persist After Interventions Stop %A Frey, Erin %A Rogers, Todd %B Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences %G eng %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Commitment Devices to Improve Unhealthy Behaviors--Reply %A Rogers, Todd %A Katherine L. Milkman %A Kevin G. Volpp %B Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA) %V 312 %P 1591-1593 %G eng %N 15 %0 Journal Article %J Political Behavior %D 2014 %T Are Ballot Initiative Outcomes Influenced by the Campaigns of Independent Groups? A Precinct-Randomized Field Experiment %A Rogers, T. %A Middleton, J. %B Political Behavior %P 1-27 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Economic Perspectives %D 2014 %T Political Campaigns and Big Data %A Nickerson, David %A Rogers, Todd %B Journal of Economic Perspectives %V 28 %P 51-74 %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J American Economic Review %D 2014 %T The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Behavioral Interventions: Experimental Evidence from Energy Conservation %A Hunt Allcott %A Rogers, Todd %B American Economic Review %G eng %0 Journal Article %J JAMA %D 2014 %T Commitment Devices: Using Initiatives to Change Behavior %A Rogers, Todd %A Katherine L. Milkman %A Kevin G. Volpp %B JAMA %V 311 %P 2065-2066 %G eng %N 20 %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2013 %T Political Extremism is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding %A Fernbach, P.M. %A Rogers, T. %A Fox, C.R. %A Sloman, S.A. %B Psychological Science %V 24 %P 939-946 %G eng %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J American Politics Research %D 2013 %T

Vote Self-Prediction Hardly Predicts Who Will Vote, And Is (Misleadingly) Unbiased

%A Rogers, Todd %A Masa Aida %B American Politics Research %V 42 %P 503-528 %G eng %N 3 %0 Book Section %B Behavioral Foundations of Policy %D 2012 %T Rethinking Why People Vote: Voting as Dynamic Social Expression %A Rogers, T. %A Gerber, A.S. %A Fox, C.R. %B Behavioral Foundations of Policy %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied %D 2011 %T The Artful Dodger: Answering the Wrong Question the Right Way %A Rogers, T. %A M.I. Norton %B Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied %V 17 %P 139-147 %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J American Politics Research %D 2011 %T

Text Messages as Mobilization Tools: The Conditional Effect of Habitual Voting and Election Salience

%A Neil Malhotra %A Melissa Michelson %A Rogers, Todd %A Ali Valenzuela %B American Politics Research %V 39 %P 664-681 %G eng %N 4 %0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %D 2011 %T

Motivating voter turnout by invoking the self

%A Bryan, C. %A Walton, G. %A Rogers, T. %A C Dweck %X

 

%B Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences %V 108 %P 12653-12656 %G eng %N 31 %0 Journal Article %J Management Science %D 2010 %T Highbrow Films Gather Dust: Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Online DVD Rentals %A Milkman, K.L. %A Rogers, T. %A MH Bazerman %B Management Science %V 55 %P 1047-1059 %G eng %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J Marketing Letters %D 2010 %T I'll have the ice cream soon and the vegetables later: A study of online grocery purchases and order lead time %A Milkman, K.L. %A Rogers, T. %A MH Bazerman %B Marketing Letters %V 21 %P 17-35 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Psychological Science %D 2010 %T

Do You Have a Voting Plan?: Implementation Intentions, Voter Turnout, and Organic Plan Making

%A Nickerson, D.W. %A Rogers, T. %B Psychological Science %V 21 %P 194-199 %G eng %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J Crossing the Divide: Intergroup Leadership in a World of Difference, Harvard Business School Press %D 2009 %T Boundaries Need Not Be Barriers: Leading and Creating Collaboration in Decentralized Organizations %A Heather M. Caruso %A Rogers, Todd %A Max Bazerman %B Crossing the Divide: Intergroup Leadership in a World of Difference, Harvard Business School Press %V T. Pittinsky Edition %G eng %0 Book Section %B The Change We Need: What Britain Can Learn from Obama's Victory %D 2009 %T

Data-Driven Politics

%A Ghitza, Y. %A Rogers, T. %E Anstead, N. %E Straw, W. %B The Change We Need: What Britain Can Learn from Obama's Victory %I London: Fabian Society %G eng %0 Journal Article %J The Journal of Politics %D 2009 %T

Descriptive Social Norms and Motivation to Vote: Everybody's Voting and so Should You

%A Gerber, A.S. %A Rogers, T. %B The Journal of Politics %V 71 %P 178-191 %G eng %N 1 %0 Book Section %B Oxford Companion to Affective Sciences %D 2009 %T

The Emergence of Affect in Negotiations Research

%A Rogers, T. %A MH Bazerman %B Oxford Companion to Affective Sciences %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes %D 2008 %T

Future lock-in: Future implementation increases selection of ‘should’ choices

%A Rogers, T. %A MH Bazerman %B Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes %V 106 %P 1-20 %G eng %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Perspectives on Psychological Science %D 2008 %T

Harnessing Our Inner Angels and Demons: What We Have Learned About Want/Should Conflicts and How That Knowledge Can Help Us Reduce Short-Sighted Decision Making

%A Milkman, K.L. %A Rogers, T. %A MH Bazerman %B Perspectives on Psychological Science %V 3 %P 324-338 %G eng %N 4