@inbook {579556,
	title = {On the Measurement of Upstreamness and Downstreamness in Global Value Chains},
	booktitle = {World Trade Evolution: Growth, Productivity and Employment},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {126-194},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
	organization = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
	abstract = {This paper offers four contributions to the empirical literature on global value chains (GVCs). First, we provide a succinct overview of several measures developed to capture the upstreamness or downstreamness of industries and countries in GVCs. Second, we employ data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) to document the empirical evolution of these measures over the period 1995-2011; in doing so, we highlight salient patterns related to countries{\textquoteright} GVC positioning - as well as some puzzling correlations - that emerge from the data. Third, we develop a theoretical framework - which builds on Caliendo and Parro{\textquoteright}s (2015) variant of the Eaton and Kortum (2002) model - that provides a structural interpretation of all the entries of the WIOD in a given year. Fourth, we resort to a calibrated version of the model to perform counterfactual exercises that: (i) sharpen our understanding of the independent effect of several factors in explaining the observed empirical patterns in the period 1995-2011; and (ii) provide guidance for how future changes in the world economy are likely to shape the positioning of countries in GVCs.},
	author = {Pol Antr{\`a}s and Davin Chor}
}
