@article {666077,
	title = {Trends of diverse POPs in air and water across the Western Atlantic Ocean: Strong gradients in the ocean, but not in the air },
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	year = {In Press},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c04611},
	author = {Lohmann, Rainer and Erin Markham and Jana Klanova and Petr Kukucka and Petra P{\v r}ibylov{\'a} and Xiangyi Gong and Robert Pockalny and Tatyana Yanisheswki and Charlotte C Wagner and Elsie Sunderland}
}
@article {670239,
	title = {Response to {\textquotedblleft}Comment on Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {195-197},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00049},
	author = {Carol F. Kwiatkowski and David Q. Andrews and Linda S. Birnbaum and Thomas A. Bruton and Jamie C. DeWitt and Detlef R.U. Knappe and Maricel V. Maffini and Mark F. Miller and Katherine E. Pelch and Anna Reade and Anna Soehl and Xenia Trier and Marta Venier and Charlotte C. Wagner}
}
@article {655028,
	title = {Transport of legacy perfluoroalkyl substances and the replacement compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean {\textendash} Is the Arctic a sink or a source?},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {54},
	number = {16},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {9958{\textendash}9967},
	author = {Hanna Joerss and Zhiyong Xie and Charlotte C. Wagner and Wilken-Jon von Appen and Elsie M. Sunderland and Ralf Ebinghaus}
}
@article {655027,
	title = {The Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Global Perspectives},
	volume = {7},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {532{\textendash}543},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255},
	author = {Carol F. Kwiatkowski and David Q. Andrews and Linda S. Birnbaum and Thomas A. Bruton and Jamie C. DeWitt and Detlef R.U. Knappe and Maricel V. Maffini and Mark F. Miller and Katherine E. Pelch and Anna Reade and Anna Soehl and Xenia Trier and Marta Venier and Charlotte C. Wagner and Zhanyun Wang and Blum, Arlene}
}
@inbook {651312,
	title = {The global chemical experiment},
	booktitle = {Earth 2020 - An insider{\textquoteright}s guide to a rapidly changing planet.},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {185-193},
	publisher = {Open Book Publishers},
	organization = {Open Book Publishers},
	edition = {1},
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	author = {Elsie Sunderland and Charlotte C. Wagner}
}
@article {611955,
	title = {A global 3-D ocean model for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Benchmark compounds for understanding the impacts of global change on neutral persistent organic pollutants},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {469-481},
	abstract = {Human activities have released large quantities of neutral persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that may be biomagnified in food webs and pose health risks to wildlife, particularly top predators. Here we develop a global 3-D ocean simulation for four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spanning a range of molecular weights and volatilities to better understand effects of climate-driven changes in ocean biogeochemistry on the lifetime and distribution of POPs. Observations are most abundant in the Arctic Ocean. There, model results reproduce spatial patterns and magnitudes of measured PCB concentrations. Sorption of PCBs to suspended particles and subsequent burial in benthic marine sediment is the dominant oceanic loss process globally. Results suggest benthic sediment burial has removed 75\% of cumulative PCB releases since the onset of production in 1930. Wind speed, light penetration, and ocean circulation exert a stronger and more variable influence on volatile PCB congeners with lower particle affinity such as chlorinated biphenyl-28 and chlorinated biphenyl-101. In the Arctic Ocean between 1992 and 2015, modeled evasion (losses) of the more volatile PCB congeners from the surface ocean increased due to declines in sea ice and changes in ocean circulation. By contrast, net deposition increased slightly for higher molecular weight congeners with stronger partitioning to particles. Our results suggest future climate changes will have the greatest impacts on the chemical lifetimes and distributions of volatile POPs with lower molecular weights.},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GB006018},
	author = {Charlotte C. Wagner and Helen M. Amos and Colin P. Thackray and Yanxu Zhang and Elizabeth W. Lundgren and Gael Forget and Carey L. Friedman and Noelle E. Selin and Lohmann, Rainer and Elsie M. Sunderland}
}
@article {611958,
	title = {Concentrations and water mass transport of legacy POPs in the Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	number = {23},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {12,972-12,981},
	abstract = {The Arctic Ocean is known to be contaminated by various persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The Fram Strait, the only deepwater passage to the Arctic Ocean (from the Atlantic Ocean), represents an unquantified gateway for POPs fluxes into and out of the Arctic. Polyethylene passive samplers were deployed in vertical profiles in the Fram Strait and in air and surface water in the Canadian Archipelago to determine the concentrations, profiles, and mass fluxes of dissolved polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides. In the Fram Strait, higher concentrations of ΣPCBs (1.3{\textendash}3.6\&nbsp;pg/L) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ΣDDTs, 5.2{\textendash}9.1\&nbsp;pg/L) were observed in the deepwater masses (below 1,000\&nbsp;m), similar to nutrient-like vertical profiles. There was net southward transport of hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexanes (ΣHCHs) of 0.70 and 14\&nbsp;Mg/year but a net northward transport of ΣPCBs at 0.16\&nbsp;Mg/year through the Fram Strait.},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GL078759},
	author = {Yuxin Ma and Dave A. Adelman and Eduard Bauerfeind and Ana Cabrerizo and Carrie A. McDonough and Derek Muir and Thomas Soltwedel and Caoxin Sun and Elsie M. Sunderland and Charlotte C. Wagner and Lohmann, Rainer}
}
@article {626324,
	title = {A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects.},
	journal = {Journal of Exposure Science \& Environmental Epidemiology},
	number = {29},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {131{\textendash}147},
	abstract = {Here, we review present understanding of sources and trends in human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and epidemiologic evidence for impacts on cancer, immune function, metabolic outcomes, and neurodevelopment. More than 4000 PFASs have been manufactured by humans and hundreds have been detected in environmental samples. Direct exposures due to use in products can be quickly phased out by shifts in chemical production but exposures driven by PFAS accumulation in the ocean and marine food chains and contamination of groundwater persist over long timescales. Serum concentrations of legacy PFASs in humans are declining globally but total exposures to newer PFASs and precursor compounds have not been well characterized. Human exposures to legacy PFASs from seafood and drinking water are stable or increasing in many regions, suggesting observed declines reflect phase-outs in legacy PFAS use in consumer products. Many regions globally are continuing to discover PFAS contaminated sites from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) use, particularly next to airports and military bases. Exposures from food packaging and indoor environments are uncertain due to a rapidly changing chemical landscape where legacy PFASs have been replaced by diverse precursors and custom molecules that are difficult to detect. Multiple studies find significant associations between PFAS exposure and adverse immune outcomes in children. Dyslipidemia is the strongest metabolic outcome associated with PFAS exposure. Evidence for cancer is limited to manufacturing locations with extremely high exposures and insufficient data are available to characterize impacts of PFAS exposures on neurodevelopment. Preliminary evidence suggests significant health effects associated with exposures to emerging PFASs. Lessons learned from legacy PFASs indicate that limited data should not be used as a justification to delay risk mitigation actions for replacement PFASs.},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-018-0094-1},
	author = {Elsie M. Sunderland and Xindi D. Hu and Dassuncao, Clifton and Andrea K. Tokranov and Charlotte C. Wagner and Joseph G. Allen}
}
@article {611897,
	title = {Food contact substances and chemicals of concern: a comparison of inventories.},
	journal = {Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A},
	volume = {31},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1438-1450},
	abstract = {Food contact materials (FCMs) are intended to be in contact with food during production, handling or storage. They are one possible source of food contamination, because chemicals may migrate from the material into the food. More than 6000 FCM substances appear on regulatory or non-regulatory lists. Some of these substances have been linked to chronic diseases, whilst many others lack (sufficient) toxicological evaluation. The aim of this study was the identification of known FCM substances that are also considered to be chemicals of concern (COCs). The investigation was based on the following three FCM lists: (1) the 2013 Pew Charitable Trusts database of direct and indirect food additives legally used in the United States (or Pew for short), (2) the current European Union-wide positive list for plastic FCMs (or Union for short), and (3) the 2011 non-plastics FCM substances database published by EFSA (or ESCO for short). These three lists of food contact substances (Pew, Union, ESCO lists) were compared with the Substitute It Now! (SIN) list 2.1, which includes chemicals fulfilling the criteria listed in article 57 of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH), and the TEDX database on endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A total of 175 chemicals used in FCMs were identified as COCs. Fifty-four substances present on the SIN list 2.1 were also found on the Union and/or ESCO lists. Twenty-one of those 54 substances are candidates for Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC), and six of these 21 are listed on Annex XIV and intended for phase-out under REACH. In conclusion, COCs used in FCMs were identified and information about their applications, regulatory status and potential hazards was included.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19440049.2014.931600},
	author = {Birgit Geueke and Charlotte C. Wagner and Jane Muncke}
}
