%0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Searching for an Bornean identity? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/08/02/searching-for-a-bornean-identity/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Evolving from a marginal territory to a radiation centre %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/07/17/evolving-from-a-marginal-territory-to-a-radiation-centre/ %0 Newspaper Article %B Think China %D 2023 %T From Borneo to Penang: Preserving our culture and language for future generations %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Think China %G eng %U https://www.thinkchina.sg/borneo-penang-preserving-our-culture-and-language-future-generations %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Regenerating land to generate income? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/07/03/regenerating-land-to-generate-income/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Fuelling a ‘green’ economy with ‘grey’ energy? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/06/19/fuelling-a-green-economy-with-grey-energy/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Quenching the thirst for development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/06/05/quenching-the-thirst-for-development/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Gaining strength from the Dayak’s legacy of Tumbang Anoi %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/05/22/gaining-strength-from-the-dayaks-legacy-of-tumbang-anoi/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Polluting our rivers, polluting the world %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/05/08/polluting-our-rivers-polluting-the-world/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Leaving a mark in the history of human civilisations %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/04/24/leaving-a-mark-in-the-history-of-human-civilisations/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Planting the seeds of change %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/04/10/planting-the-seeds-of-change/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Surviving climate change in Borneo %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/03/27/surviving-climate-change-in-borneo/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Navigating ambition and reality in ‘Solusi Jokowi’ %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/03/13/navigating-ambition-and-reality-in-solusi-jokowi/ %0 Book %D 2023 %T Transforming Borneo: From Land Exploitation to Sustainable Development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Potter, Lesley %I ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute %C Singapore %G eng %U https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7848 %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Shifting from ‘backyard’ to ‘front yard’ in the digital era %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/02/28/shifting-from-backyard-to-front-yard-in-the-digital-era/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Making Borneo an education hub for sustainable development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/02/06/making-borneo-an-education-hub-for-sustainable-development/ %0 Magazine Article %D 2023 %T Chinese roots in Borneo, deep and strong %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Think China %G eng %U https://www.thinkchina.sg/chinese-roots-borneo-deep-and-strong %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Sharing the benefits of nature %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/01/30/sharing-the-benefits-of-nature/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2023 %T Imagining there are Garuda and Harimau %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/01/03/imagining-there-are-garuda-and-harimau/ %0 Journal Article %J Forests %D 2023 %T Economic Ripple Effects Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Manufacturing in Japan %A Mengyuan Liu %A Tomohumi Huzita %A Akito Murano %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Kayo, Chihiro %B Forests %V 14 %P 492 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030492 %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Malayan Nature Journal %D 2023 %T Missing the forest for the carbon: Five familiar lessons being learned again in Malaysia %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Gopalasamy Reuben Clements %A Francis E. Putz %B Malayan Nature Journal %V 75 %P 353-362 %G eng %N 2 %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Preparing our children for a sustainable future %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/27/preparing-our-children-for-a-sustainable-future/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Achieving food security and food sovereignty %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/12/12/achieving-food-security-and-food-sovereignty/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Should scientists care about politics? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/11/28/should-scientists-care-about-politics/ %0 Magazine Article %D 2022 %T Indonesia’s grand EV plans hinge on a ‘green’ industrial park that likely isn’t %A Justin Jin Soong Liew and Chun Sheng Goh %B Mongabay %G eng %U https://news.mongabay.com/2022/11/indonesias-grand-ev-plans-hinge-on-a-green-industrial-park-that-likely-isnt/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Understanding politics to attain sustainable development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/11/07/understanding-politics-to-attain-sustainable-development/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Navigating Borneo’s blue economy: Seaweed farming %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Valuing whale poop: The concept of inclusive wealth %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %0 Journal Article %J The Malayan Nature Jorunal %D 2022 %T Embracing the digital revolution for conservation in Borneo %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Jit Ern Chen %A Ravinder Kaur %A Gopalasamy Reuben Clements %B The Malayan Nature Jorunal %V 74 %P 471-485 %G eng %U https://www.mnj.my/2022-volume-74-part-3/ %N 3 %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Jumpstarting ‘green’ industry in North Kalimantan %A Goh, Chun Sheng %X [[{"fid":745428,"view_mode":"default","type":"media","attributes":{"height":"611","width":"797","alt":"Borneo Post 20220926","title":"Borneo Post 20220926","class":"media-element file-default "}}]] %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/09/26/jumpstarting-green-industry-in-north-kalimantan-with-foreign-investment/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Cleaning up horse dung: Innovation beyond technology %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/09/12/cleaning-up-horse-dung-innovation-beyond-technology/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors with biomass, hydrogen, and algae? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/08/29/decarbonising-hard-to-abate-sectors-with-biomass-hydrogen-and-algae/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Replacing steel and concrete with wood? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/08/15/replacing-steel-and-concrete-with-wood/ %0 Magazine Article %D 2022 %T Can Chinese capital and technologies jumpstart economic development in Borneo? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Guanie Lim %B Think China %G eng %U https://www.thinkchina.sg/can-chinese-capital-and-technologies-jumpstart-economic-development-borneo %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Redefining Kalimantan’s power dynamics with hydroelectricity %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/08/01/redefining-kalimantans-power-dynamics-with-hydroelectricity/ %0 Report %D 2022 %T Bioenergy for the Transition: Ensuring Sustainability and Overcoming Barriers %A IRENA %I IRENA %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Shaping of Indonesia’s new capital by foreign capital %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/07/18/shaping-of-indonesias-new-capital-by-foreign-capital/ %0 Newspaper Article %B Think China %D 2022 %T In Indonesia, Chinese financing for coal-fired power plants grows faster than that for renewables %A Guanie Lim %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Think China %G eng %U https://www.thinkchina.sg/indonesia-chinese-financing-coal-fired-power-plants-grows-faster-renewables %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Powering Nusantara: 'coal' hearts, clogged 'mines' %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Building a future-oriented city in Kalimantan’s old-growth forests %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/06/20/building-a-future-oriented-city-in-kalimantans-old-growth-forests/ %0 Newspaper Article %B Daily Express (Sabah) %D 2022 %T Of Harimau-Garuda collaboration %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Daily Express (Sabah) %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B Daily Express (Sabah) %D 2022 %T Sabah-Kalimantan borderland %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Daily Express (Sabah) %G eng %U https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/4770/sabah-kalimantan-borderland/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Appreciating forests for carbon, health, and sustainability %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/05/26/appreciating-forests-for-carbon-health-and-sustainability/ %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Creating a sustainable bio-economy in Borneo %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/05/12/creating-a-sustainable-bio-economy-in-borneo/ %0 Newspaper Article %B Malaysia Kini %D 2022 %T Demolish academic silos to achieve sustainability %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Malaysia Kini %G eng %U https://www.malaysiakini.com/columns/620499 %0 Newspaper Article %B The Borneo Post %D 2022 %T Re-imagining Borneo in the digital revolution %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B The Borneo Post %G eng %U https://www.theborneopost.com/2022/05/06/re-imagining-borneo-in-the-digital-revolution/ %0 Newspaper Article %B Daily Express (Sabah) %D 2022 %T The NCA’s important lessons %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Daily Express (Sabah) %G eng %0 Newspaper Article %B Daily Express (Sabah) %D 2022 %T What next for Sabah, S’wak post-Covid? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %B Daily Express (Sabah) %G eng %U https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/4736/what-next-for-sabah-sarawak-post-covid-/ %0 Journal Article %J Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. %D 2022 %T Hydrotreated vegetable oil production from palm oil mill effluents: Status, opportunities and challenges %A Yeoh, Min Li %A Goh, Chun Sheng %X The production of hydro-treated vegetable oil (HVO) from palm oil mill effluents (POME) can be particularly interesting for Malaysia and Indonesia, the two major palm oil producers. Potentially, about 0.4 and 0.9 billion liters of HVO may be produced from POME in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively. Large amounts of POME oil were exported to China for biofuel production in recent years, but the supply–demand dynamics remain under-studied. The current policy trends in the EU are not in favor of POME-based HVO. Exports to the EU are shadowed by uncertainty regarding its eligibility for double counting owing to its links with the oil palm industry, despite it being claimed to be a waste-based biofuel. Domestically, Malaysia is still lagging behind in the policy for advanced biofuels. However, the country has shown its ambition in becoming a bio-jet fuel producer in the recently announced 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK-12). Converting POME oil into sustainable aviation fuel with HVO technology may be a promising option given the global commitment including Malaysia to reducing emissions in the aviation sector. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd %B Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bbb.2365 %0 Journal Article %J Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. %D 2022 %T Bio-economy for sustainable growth in developing countries: The case of oil palm in Malaysia and Indonesia %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Potter, Lesley %X Malaysia and Indonesia are two vivid examples of economic development built upon land exploitation. The concept of ‘bio-economy’ illustrates a pathway for countries to move on to a more sustainable course of development through creating added value downstream and diversifying away from primary production. Growing a local oleochemical industry was naturally the first step for Malaysia and Indonesia as the world’s largest palm oil producers. This was extended to biofuel production which first aimed for export revenues. The biofuel sector has later become an important buffer for the palm oil industry to absorb excessive stock with domestic blending targets during low price periods. Meanwhile, the utilization of biomass for power generation has grown significantly for both exports and local use. Converting biomass into second-generation biofuels and other advanced bio-based materials has also attracted great interest from foreign investors. However, the high cost of biomass mobilization has limited the deployment of advanced biorefineries. One interesting option is to integrate waste management with the production of high-value bioenergy and biomaterials, adopting the model of multi-feedstock biorefinery. While several bio-based industrial clusters were set up to attract investment with the consolidation of infrastructure surrounding major ports, more efforts still are needed to explore and identify feasible business models with optimized supply chains. Cross-border cooperation may open new doors for building regional bio-based value chains. The ongoing digital revolution may provide breakthroughs in chain integration as well as technology deployment. %B Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bbb.2381?af=R %0 Journal Article %J Global Change Biology - Bioenergy %D 2022 %T Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Power Generation Using Palm Kernel Shell %A Sato, Issei %A Aikawa, Takanobu %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Kayo, Chihiro %X Palm kernel shell (PKS) utilization for power generation has greatly increased in Japan since the introduction of the feed-in tariff (FIT) in 2012. However, the FIT fails to consider the entire palm industry while evaluating the environmental impacts of using PKS. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of power generation using PKS. We targeted two PKS-firing power plants as these are the first two instances of the use of PKS in power plants in Japan. A system boundary was established to cover palm plantation management in Indonesia and Malaysia, as both power plants import PKS from these countries. The GHG emissions were derived from land-use change, palm plantation, oil extraction, PKS transportation, and power plants. Six scenarios were examined for the emissions based on the type of land-use change and the existence of biogas capture in oil extraction. CO2 emissions from PKS combustion were also calculated by assuming that carbon neutrality was lost because of cultivation abandonment. The GHG emissions in one scenario, where the plantations were replanted and continuously managed and no biogas capture implemented in oil extraction, exhibited an average of 0.134 kg-CO2eq/kWh reduction in a plant in Kyushu District, and 0.043 kg-CO2eq/kWh reduction in a plant in Shikoku District for liquid natural gas-fired steam power generation, respectively. More than 65% of life-cycle GHG emissions originate from biogas generated during oil extraction; thus, biogas capture is an effective strategy to reduce current emissions. In contrast, in the case of accompanying land-use change or collapse of carbon neutrality, the emissions considerably exceeded those of fossil fuels. These findings indicated that the FIT fails to consider the risk of increased emissions or further substantial emission reductions. Therefore, the feasibility of FIT application to PKS needs to be re-established by evaluating the entire PKS life-cycle. %B Global Change Biology - Bioenergy %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcbb.12950 %0 Journal Article %J Sustainability Science %D 2021 %T Impact of Malaysian palm oil on sustainable development goals: co-benefits and trade-offs across mitigation strategies %A Mohd Hanafiah, Khayriyyah %A Aini Hasanah Abd Mutalib %A Priscillia Miard %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah %A Nadine Ruppert %X Palm oil (PO) is an important source of livelihood, but unsustainable practices and widespread consumption may threaten human and planetary health. We reviewed 234 articles and summarized evidence on the impact of PO on health, social and economic aspects, environment, and biodiversity in the Malaysian context, and discuss mitigation strategies based on the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The evidence on health impact of PO is equivocal, with knowledge gaps on whether moderate consumption elevates risk for chronic diseases, but the benefits of phytonutrients (SDG2) and sensory characteristics of PO seem offset by its high proportion of saturated fat (SDG3). While PO contributes to economic growth (SDG9, 12), poverty alleviation (SDG1, 8, 10), enhanced food security (SDG2), alternative energy (SDG9), and long-term employment opportunities (SDG1), human rights issues and inequities attributed to PO production persist (SDG8). Environmental impacts arise through large-scale expansion of monoculture plantations associated with increased greenhouse gas emissions (SDG13), especially from converted carbon-rich peat lands, which can cause forest fires and annual trans-boundary haze; changes in microclimate properties and soil nutrient content (SDG6, 13); increased sedimentation and change of hydrological properties of streams near slopes (SDG6); and increased human wildlife conflicts, increase of invasive species occurrence, and reduced biodiversity (SDG14, 15). Practices such as biological pest control, circular waste management, multi-cropping and certification may mitigate negative impacts on environmental SDGs, without hampering progress of socioeconomic SDGs. While strategies focusing on improving practices within and surrounding plantations offer co-benefits for socioeconomic, environment and biodiversity-related SDGs, several challenges in achieving scalable solutions must be addressed to ensure holistic sustainability of PO in Malaysia for various stakeholders. %B Sustainability Science %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01052-4 %0 Book Section %B Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia: Science, Adaptation and Mitigation %D 2021 %T Transforming Exploitative Land-Based Economy to Reduce Terrestrial Carbon Stock Loss: The Case of Kalimantan, Indonesia %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Lee, Ser Huay Janice Teresa %E Djalante, Riyanti %E Jupesta, Joni %E Aldrian, Edvin %X Large-scale land exploitation has been regarded as a quick way to jumpstart backward agricultural economies, but it also brought about profound impacts on climate change through terrestrial carbon stock change. Kalimantan is a major site of terrestrial carbon stock loss. Major carbon stock loss happened in the 1970–1980s due to predatory logging activities under Suharto's regime. Since 2000, the conversion of forest to oil palm plantation has become a prominent driver. In 2006–2010, the total carbon stock loss in Kalimantan amounted to 53 Tg CO2/yr. Boosting upstream productivity of cash crops, mobilising under-utilised low carbon and degraded land resources, creating value for carbon stock (e.g. REDD+) and enhancing resilience to natural and human-made disasters were regarded as the four major strategies proposed for transforming exploitative land-based activities. However, the implementation of each strategy has faced various challenges. The first two strategies with wealth creation as the centre of policymaking may prevent further degradation but are inadequate to repair the previous environmental damage. Similarly, the last two strategies that emphasise restoration have limited contribution to economic growth. To better understand the dynamics of such transformation, careful attention must be paid to the territorial-specific characteristics and on-the-ground realities. This must also include the historical background of land-based development and its continuity. %B Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia: Science, Adaptation and Mitigation %I Springer International Publishing %C Cham %P 229–245 %@ 978-3-030-55536-8 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55536-8_11 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-55536-8_11 %0 Journal Article %J Trends in Biotechnology %D 2021 %T Sustainable Transformation of Land-Based Economic Development in the Era of Digital Revolution %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Ahl, Amanda %A Woo, Wing Thye %X Biotechnology will play a key role in transforming current land-use systems alongside the digital revolution by using five strategies: enhancing productivity at the farm or plantation level, replenishing degraded land, enabling landscape management for resilience, upgrading and diversifying downstream activities, and creating new value propositions. %B Trends in Biotechnology %I Elsevier %V 39 %P 1-4 %8 2020/07/29 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.010 %N 1 %R 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.010 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Development %D 2020 %T Transforming exploitative land-based economy: The case of Borneo %A Goh, Chun Sheng %K Bio-economy %K Borneo %K Eco-economy %K Land-use %K Palm Oil %K Transformation %X Large-scale land exploitation to jumpstart backward economies is often accompanied by massive environmental impacts. The broad concepts of productivity-oriented ‘bio-economy’ and conservation-oriented ‘eco-economy’ were proposed to transform exploitative land-based economies. Taking cases in Borneo as core examples, this paper explores 10 transformative strategies for sustainability: boosting upstream productivity of cash crops, activating under-utilised low carbon (ULC) land for production, upgrading and diversifying downstream activities, branding for more values (industrial), establishing new domestic demand for bio-resources, creating values for carbon and ecosystem services, enhancing agro-ecological resilience, establishing eco-based tertiary sectors, branding for more values (smallholders), and encouraging self-sufficient farming. Generally, utility-based development strategies with wealth creation as the centre of policymaking are inadequate to repair the previous environmental damage. Likewise, strategies that prioritise restoration have shown a limited contribution to economic growth as observed in the case of Borneo. The interconnected nature of economic productivity and conservation means that no single strategy is a perfect solution but a combination of them may produce a better outcome. While integrated landscape analysis that combines land-use models and economic analyses can facilitate understanding of the systems, in-depth area studies are necessary to capture the more subtle ‘human factors’ like socio-political dynamics. The existence of multiple stakeholders with different interests and values means that an ‘optimal’ combination would be a result of political negotiations rather than scientific investigations. To design and also effectively execute the strategies, communication, collaboration and co-production of knowledge between scientific communities and various stakeholders is imperative. %B Environmental Development %V 33 %P 100487 %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211464519301137 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2019.100487 %0 Journal Article %J Sustainability Science %D 2020 %T Developing sustainable bioenergy systems with local bio-resources: cases in Asia %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Saito, Osamu %A Yamagata, Yoshiki %X The concept of sustainability science is paramount to establish a development thinking with deep and thorough considerations of hybridized on-ground realities shaped by the interplay of energy, land, economic, and climatic elements. This special feature intends to engage sustainability science in understanding the role of bioenergy in sustainable development, particularly for cases in East Asia. Especially, it encourages potential works that carefully consider perspectives of different stakeholders, including communicating with both experts and non-experts and integrating knowledge from different disciplines like forestry, social studies, or energy system sciences. It aims to create the context for motivating the society in tackling the sustainability issues related to energy, forest, and society. %B Sustainability Science %V 15 %P 1449-1453 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00849-z %N 5 %0 Journal Article %J Sustainability Science %D 2020 %T Rethinking sustainable bioenergy development in Japan: decentralised system supported by local forestry biomass %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Aikawa, Takanobu %A Ahl, Amanda %A Ito, Kanae %A Kayo, Chihiro %A Kikuchi, Yasunori %A Takahashi, Yasuo %A Furubayashi, Takaaki %A Nakata, Toshihiko %A Kanematsu, Yuichiro %A Saito, Osamu %A Yamagata, Yoshiki %X

Bioenergy has been promoted in Japan with ambitious targets. However, the incentive schemes excluded renewable heat and overlooked synergies with local forest management, leading to the development of large-scale biomass plants that heavily rely on overseas biomass supplies. This case report discussed an alternative scenario of decentralised bioenergy systems supported with local biomass through five important questions. The currently available knowledge indicates that such a scenario is feasible with integrative forest management that considers both ecosystem services and multiple uses of wood. In addition to various environmental benefits, replacing imported fossil fuels with local biomass can also enhance energy security. Realising this scenario requires careful consideration of local context, empowerment of local governments and encouragement of both public and private initiatives.

 

%B Sustainability Science %V 15 %P 1461–1471 %@ 1862-40651862-4057 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Sustainability Science %D 2020 %T Sustainable bioenergy deployment in East and South East Asia: notes on recent trends %A Junginger, Martin %A Koppejan, Jaap %A Goh, Chun Sheng %X

The use and trade of solid biomass for modern bioenergy have grown rapidly in Asia. In September 2018, IEA Bioenergy organized a workshop in Tokyo to address these ongoing developments. The policies in Japan and South Korea have triggered a more import-oriented development, while bioenergy in Malaysia, Indonesia and China is closely linked to agriculture and rural policies. Four major points were raised and discussed: balancing local supplies and international trade, switching from fossil to renewable infrastructure, addressing sustainability concerns and tackling regulatory uncertainty. This workshop showed a clear need for more information exchange between countries through platforms like IEA Bioenergy.

 

%B Sustainability Science %V 15 %P 1455–1459 %@ 1862-40651862-4057 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Land Use Policy %D 2018 %T Identifying key factors for mobilising under-utilised low carbon land resources: A case study on Kalimantan %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Junginger, Martin %A Potter, Lesley %A Faaij, André %A Wicke, Birka %X

Mobilising under-utilised low carbon (ULC) land for future agricultural expansion helps minimising further carbon stock loss. This study examined the regency cases in Kalimantan, a carbon loss hotspot, to understand the key factors for mobilising ULC land via narrative interviews with a range of land-use actors and complementary desktop analyses. The factors were broadly categorised into economic, agro-ecological, institutional and cultural factors, which were perceived as opportunities and/or barriers by different land-uses and stakeholders (with different business models), and can vary across regencies. Generally, oil palm was regarded by most interviewees as an economic opportunity, reflecting that there were no other more attractive options. However, oil palm may also be limited by various factors. For example, labour availability may greatly limit the actual amount of land that can be mobilised in many regencies due to low population density. These economic factors were interlinked with the agro-ecological factors, such as soil quality, which was often regarded as the reason of low economic attractiveness. The other two categories, institutional and cultural factors, are more subtle and complex, involving socio-political elements across the hierarchy of authorities. Understanding these factors requires understanding the relationships between different stakeholders and their histories. Past analyses on ULC land largely focus on a single crop or end-use. This study shows that mobilisation of ULC land has to depart from analysing the specific conditions within individual regencies, especially considering the views of multiple land-use actors on different land-use options and business models. Future research is recommended to assess available land-use options and business models by investigating how they are affected by each of the factors identified here and accounting for the policy targets set by individual regencies (e.g. economic development or food security) and the preference and capability of local actors.

 

%B Land Use Policy %V 70 %P 198-211 %@ 02648377 %G eng %& 198 %0 Journal Article %J Sustainability %D 2018 %T Spatial Assessment of Degraded Lands for Biofuel Production in Indonesia %A Jaung, Wanggi %A Wiraguna, Edi %A Okarda, Beni %A Artati, Yustina %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Syahru, Ramdhoni %A Leksono, Budi %A Prasetyo, Lilik %A Lee, Soo %A Baral, Himlal %X

This study spatially estimated degraded lands in Indonesia that have limited functions for food production, carbon storage, and conservation of biodiversity and native vegetation and examined their suitability to grow biodiesel species (Calophyllum inophyllum, Pongamia pinnata, and Reutealis trisperma) and biomass species (Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium). Results showed ~3.5 million ha of degraded lands potentially suitable for these species in Indonesia. With the all-five-species scenario, these lands had the potential to produce 1105 PJ year−1 of biomass and 3 PJ year−1 of biodiesel. With the biodiesel-only-species scenario, these lands showed the potential to produce 10 PJ year−1 of biodiesel. Despite this energy potential, however, the land sizes were too small to support economies of scale for biofuel production. The study findings contribute to identifying lands with limited functions, modeling the growth of biofuel species on regional lands, and estimating carbon stocks of restored degraded lands in Indonesia.

 

%B Sustainability %V 10 %@ 2071-1050 %G eng %& 4595 %0 Journal Article %J Land Use Policy %D 2017 %T Exploring under-utilised low carbon land resources from multiple perspectives: Case studies on regencies in Kalimantan %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Wicke, Birka %A Potter, Lesley %A Faaij, André %A Zoomers, Annelies %A Junginger, Martin %X

Mobilising under-utilised low carbon (ULC) land resources for future agricultural production can help reducing pressure on high carbon stock land from agricultural expansion, particularly for deforestation hotspots like Kalimantan. However, the potential of ULC land is not yet well understood, especially at regency level which is the key authority for land-use planning in Indonesia. Therefore, this study explored ULC land resources for all regencies in Kalimantan. By analysing information from six monitoring domains, a range of indicators were derived to provide insights into the physical area of ULC land from various perspectives. It was found that these indicators show largely different values at regency level. For example, regency Pulang Pisau has a substantial area of ‘temporarily unused agricultural land’ but a very limited area of ‘low carbon land’ – this implies that not all ‘temporarily unused agricultural land’ is ready for future exploitation when assessing from different aspects. As a result of such diverging indicators, using a single indicator to quantify available ULC land resources is risky as it can either be an over- or under-estimation. Thus, ULC land resources were further explored in the present paper by taking four regencies as case studies and comparing all the indicators, supported with relevant literature and evidence collected from narrative interviews. This information was used to estimate ULC land area by possible land-use strategies. For example, Gunung Mas was found to have a large area of low carbon land which is not occupied and might be suitable for oil palm deployment. However, the major limitation is that physical estimates cannot provide a complete picture of ‘real’ land availability without considering a broader range of socio-economic factors (e.g. labour availability). Therefore, physical land area indicators from different domains must be combined with other qualitative and quantitative information especially the socio-economic factors underlying land under-utilisation to obtain better estimates.

 

%B Land Use Policy %V 60 %P 150-168 %@ 02648377 %G eng %& 150 %0 Journal Article %J Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment %D 2016 %T A global survey of stakeholder views and experiences for systems needed to effectively and efficiently govern sustainability of bioenergy %A Stupak, Inge %A Joudrey, Jamie %A Smith, C. Tattersall %A Pelkmans, Luc %A Chum, Helena %A Cowie, Annette %A Englund, Oskar %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Junginger, Martin %B Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment %V 5 %P 89-118 %@ 20418396 %G eng %& 89 %0 Journal Article %J Trends Biotechnol %D 2016 %T Can We Get Rid of Palm Oil? %A Goh, C. S. %K *bio-based economy %K *bioenergy %K *Biofuels %K *biomass %K *biotechnology %K *Conservation of Natural Resources %K *oil palm %K *Plant Oils %K *sustainability %K Agriculture %K Palm Oil %X Concerns over the sustainability of palm oil have triggered debates about its role in a bio-based economy, but can we get rid of it? Although the quick answer is no, we should eliminate unsustainable land-use practices. However, currently, technical and financial support for land-users to adopt sustainable land-use practices in the cultivation of palm oil is largely missing. %B Trends Biotechnol %7 2016/09/14 %V 34 %P 948-950 %8 Dec %@ 1879-3096 (Electronic)0167-7799 (Linking) %G eng %M 27622304 %0 Journal Article %J J Environ Manage %D 2016 %T Linking carbon stock change from land-use change to consumption of agricultural products: Alternative perspectives %A Goh, C. S. %A Wicke, B. %A Faaij, A. %A Bird, D. N. %A Schwaiger, H. %A Junginger, M. %K *Climate Change %K *Crops, Agricultural %K Agriculture/*methods %K Biofuel %K Biofuels %K Carbon Sequestration %K Carbon stock %K Carbon/*analysis %K Conservation of Natural Resources %K Consumption %K international trade %K Land-use change %K Meat %K Palm Oil %K Plant Oils %K Soybeans %K Time Factors %X Agricultural expansion driven by growing demand has been a key driver for carbon stock change as a consequence of land-use change (CSC-LUC). However, its relative role compared to non-agricultural and non-productive drivers, as well as propagating effects were not clearly addressed. This study contributed to this subject by providing alternative perspectives in addressing these missing links. A method was developed to allocate historical CSC-LUC to agricultural expansions by land classes (products), trade, and end use. The analysis for 1995-2010 leads to three key trends: (i) agricultural land degradation and abandonment is found to be a major (albeit indirect) driver for CSC-LUC, (ii) CSC-LUC is spurred by the growth of cross-border trade, (iii) non-food use (excluding liquid biofuels) has emerged as a significant contributor of CSC-LUC in the 2000's. In addition, the study demonstrated that exact values of CSC-LUC at a single spatio-temporal point may change significantly with different methodological settings. For example, CSC-LUC allocated to 'permanent oil crops' changed from 0.53 Pg C (billion tonne C) of carbon stock gain to 0.11 Pg C of carbon stock loss when spatial boundaries were changed from global to regional. Instead of comparing exact values for accounting purpose, key messages for policymaking were drawn from the main trends. Firstly, climate change mitigation efforts pursued through a territorial perspective may ignore indirect effects elsewhere triggered through trade linkages. Policies targeting specific commodities or types of consumption are also unable to quantitatively address indirect CSC-LUC effects because the quantification changes with different arbitrary methodological settings. Instead, it is recommended that mobilising non-productive or under-utilised lands for productive use should be targeted as a key solution to avoid direct and indirect CSC-LUC. %B J Environ Manage %7 2016/08/21 %V 182 %P 542-556 %8 Nov 1 %@ 1095-8630 (Electronic)0301-4797 (Linking) %G eng %M 27543749 %0 Journal Article %J J Environ Manage %D 2016 %T Linking carbon stock change from land-use change to consumption of agricultural products: A review with Indonesian palm oil as a case study %A Goh, C. S. %A Wicke, B. %A Verstegen, J. %A Faaij, A. %A Junginger, M. %K *Agricultural production %K *Agriculture/methods/statistics & numerical data %K *Carbon %K *Carbon stock %K *Consumption %K *International trade %K *Land-use change %K *Palm oil %K *Plant Oils %K arecaceae %K Carbon Dioxide/analysis %K Carbon Sequestration %K Conservation of Natural Resources/methods %K Indonesia %K Palm Oil %X Numerous analyses have been performed to quantitatively link carbon stock change caused by land-use change (CSC-LUC) to consumption of agricultural products, but results differ significantly, even for studies focussing on the same region or product. This is due to the different focuses and interpretations of the links between direct drivers and underlying causes of CSC-LUC, which can be translated into differences in key functions, i.e. specific methods, algorithms and parameters embedded in the analysis. Using the example of Indonesian palm oil production (often associated with CSC-LUC), this paper carries out a meta-analysis of 12 existing studies, determines the different settings for the key functions embedded in consumption-based CSC-LUC studies and discussed their implications for policymaking. It identifies the underlying reasons of adopting different settings within the eight key functions and their advantages and trade-offs. Examples are the way of determining how deforestation is linked to oil palm, and the inclusion of non-agriculture and non-productive drivers in the accounting to weight their roles in CSC-LUC in comparison to palm oil consumption. Following that, the quantitative results from the selected studies were processed and harmonised in terms of unit, allocation mechanism, allocation key and amortisation period. This resulting in ranges of 0.1-3.8 and -0.1-15.7 tCO2/t crude palm oil for historical and projection studies, respectively. It was observed that CSC-LUC allocated to palm oil is typically lower when propagating effects and non-agricultural or non-productive drivers were accounted for. Values also greatly differ when marginal and average allocation mechanisms were employed. Conclusively, individual analyses only answer part of the question about CSC-LUC drivers and have their own strengths and weaknesses. Since the context can be very different, using quantitative results from a single study for accounting purposes in policymaking is not recommended. Instead, insights from different studies should be combined, e.g. the relative role of logging and oil palm or the contribution to CSC-LUC in regional and global perspectives. %B J Environ Manage %7 2016/10/30 %V 184 %P 340-352 %8 Dec 15 %@ 1095-8630 (Electronic)0301-4797 (Linking) %G eng %M 27733298 %0 Journal Article %J Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %D 2015 %T Future perspectives of international bioenergy trade %A Matzenberger, Julian %A Kranzl, Lukas %A Tromborg, Eric %A Junginger, Martin %A Daioglou, Vassilis %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Keramidas, Kimon %B Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %V 43 %P 926-941 %@ 13640321 %G eng %& 926 %0 Journal Article %J Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining %D 2014 %T Monitoring sustainable biomass flows: General methodology development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Junginger, Martin %A Faaij, André %X Transition to a bio-based economy will create new demand for biomass, e.g. the increasing use of bioenergy, but the impacts on existing markets are unclear. Furthermore, there is a growing public concern on the sustainability of biomass. This study proposes a methodological framework for mapping national biomass flows based on domestic production-consumption and cross-border trade, and respective share of sustainably-certified biomass. A case study was performed on the Netherlands for 2010-2011, focusing on three categories: (i) woody biomass, (ii) oils and fats, and (iii) carbohydrates. Between 2010-2011 few major shifts were found, besides the increasing biofuel production. The share of sustainably-certified feedstock is growing in many categories. Woody biomass used for energy amounted to 3.45 MT, including 1.3 MT imported wood pellets ( >85% certified). About 0.6 MT of oils and fats and 1.2 MT (estimation) of carbohydrates were used for biofuel production. It is assumed that only certified materials were used for biofuel production. For non-energy purpose, more than 50% of woody biomass used was either certified or derived from recycled streams. Certified oils has entered the Dutch food sector since 2011, accounted for 7% of total vegetable oils consumption. It is expected that carbohydrates will also be certified in the near future. Methodological challenges encountered are: inconsistency in data definitions, lack of coherent cross-sectorial reporting systems, low reliability of bilateral trade statistics, lack of transparency in biomass supply chains, and disparity in sustainability requirements. The methodology may be expanded for future projection in different scenarios. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd %B Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining %V 8 %P 83-102 %@ 1932104X %G eng %& 83 %0 Journal Article %J Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining %D 2013 %T Wood pellet market and trade: a global perspective %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Junginger, Martin %A Cocchi, Maurizio %A Marchal, Didier %A Thrän, Daniela %A Hennig, Christiane %A Heinimö, Jussi %A Nikolaisen, Lars %A Schouwenberg, Peter-Paul %A Bradley, Douglas %A Hess, Richard %A Jacobson, Jacob %A Ovard, Leslie %A Deutmeyer, Michael %B Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining %V 7 %P 24-42 %@ 1932104X %G eng %& 24 %0 Journal Article %J Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %D 2011 %T Second-generation biofuel (SGB) in Southeast Asia via lignocellulosic biorefinery: Penny-foolish but pound-wise %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Lee, Keat Teong %B Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %V 15 %P 2714-2718 %@ 13640321 %G eng %& 2714 %0 Journal Article %J Bioresource Technology %D 2010 %T Bio-ethanol from lignocellulose: Status, perspectives and challenges in Malaysia %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Tan, Kok Tat %A Lee, Keat Teong %A Bhatia, Subhash %K Biomass %K Lignocellulose %K Second-generation bio-ethanol %B Bioresource Technology %V 101 %P 4834-4841 %@ 0960-8524 %G eng %M WOS:000276867500011 %0 Journal Article %J Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %D 2010 %T Palm-based biofuel refinery (PBR) to substitute petroleum refinery: An energy and emergy assessment %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Lee, Keat Teong %K Biofuel %K Emergy synthesis %K Energy analysis %K Lignocelluloses %K Palm Oil %B Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %V 14 %P 2986-2995 %@ 1364-0321 %G eng %M WOS:000282853500042 %0 Journal Article %J Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %D 2010 %T A visionary and conceptual macroalgae-based third-generation bioethanol (TGB) biorefinery in Sabah, Malaysia as an underlay for renewable and sustainable development %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Lee, Keat Teong %K Bioethanol %K Biorefinery %K Macroalgae %K Sustainable Development %B Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews %V 14 %P 842-848 %@ 1364-0321 %G eng %M WOS:000274165600027 %0 Journal Article %J Energy Policy %D 2010 %T Will biofuel projects in Southeast Asia become white elephants? %A Goh, Chun Sheng %A Lee, Keat Teong %K Biofuel %K Policies %K southeast asia %B Energy Policy %V 38 %P 3847-3848 %@ 0301-4215 %G eng %M WOS:000279117500001