@conference {chen2015effects,
	title = {The Effects of Aging and Psychiatric Disease on Circadian Patterns of Gene Expression in the Human Prefrontal Cortex},
	booktitle = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2015},
	month = {7 December},
	pages = {S199{\textendash}S200},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	organization = {Nature Publishing Group},
	address = {Hollywood, Florida, USA},
	abstract = {Background: With aging, significant changes in circadian\&nbsp;rhythms occur, including a shift in phase toward a\&nbsp;{\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}morning{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} chronotype and a loss of rhythmicity in\&nbsp;circulating hormones. There are also well documented\&nbsp;disruptions to circadian rhythms that are associated with\&nbsp;several psychiatric disorders. However, the effects of aging\&nbsp;and psychiatric conditions on molecular rhythms in the\&nbsp;human brain have remained elusive.Methods: Here we employed a previously described time-ofdeath\&nbsp;analyses to identify transcripts throughout the\&nbsp;genome that have a significant circadian rhythm in\&nbsp;expression in the human prefrontal cortex (Brodmann{\textquoteright}s\&nbsp;areas (BA) 11 and 47). Expression levels were determined by\&nbsp;microarray analysis in 146 individuals.Results: Rhythmicity in expression was found in B10\% of\&nbsp;detected transcripts (p\&lt;0.05). Using a meta-analysis across\&nbsp;the two brain areas, we identified a core set of 235 genes (q\&lt;0.05) with significant circadian rhythms of expression.\&nbsp;These 235 genes showed 92\% concordance in the phase of\&nbsp;expression between the two areas. In addition to the\&nbsp;canonical core circadian genes, a number of other genes\&nbsp;were found to exhibit rhythmic expression in the brain.\&nbsp;Notably, we identified more than one thousand genes (1,186\&nbsp;in BA11; 1,591 in BA47) that exhibited age-dependent\&nbsp;rhythmicity or alterations in rhythmicity patterns with\&nbsp;aging. Interestingly, a set of transcripts gained rhythmicity in older individuals, which may represent a compensatory\&nbsp;mechanism due to a loss of canonical clock function. We are\&nbsp;currently analyzing samples from subjects with either\&nbsp;bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and these data will also\&nbsp;be presented.Conclusions: We confirm that rhythmic gene expression\&nbsp;can be reliably measured in human brain and identified for\&nbsp;the first time significant changes in molecular rhythms with\&nbsp;aging that may contribute to altered cognition, sleep and\&nbsp;mood in later life.},
	author = {Chen, Cho-Yi and Logan, Ryan and Ma, Tianzhou and David Lewis and Tseng, George and Sibille, Etienne and McClung, Colleen}
}
