@article {678535,
	title = {Copyright Notice Concerning Full-text Links},
	year = {8888},
	note = {
	The documents distributed here have been provided as a means to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work on a noncommercial basis (for personal, educational use only). Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the copyright holders (respective publishers or authors), notwithstanding that the works are offered here electronically. Permission is granted for printing of one copy per person for personal reference only. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any other use of this material. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

}
}
@article {698986,
	title = {Centering and collaborating with community knowledge systems: piloting a novel participatory modeling approach},
	journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
	volume = {22},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {45},
	author = {Shaikh, Y. and Jeelani, M. and Gibbons, M.C. and Livingston, D. and Williams, D.R. and Wijesinghe, S. and Patterson, J. and Russell, S.}
}
@article {698432,
	title = {Individual and area-level socioeconomic correlates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa},
	journal = {BMC Public Health},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {417},
	author = {Madela, S. and Harriman, N.W. and Sewpaul, R. and Mbewu, A.D. and Williams, D.R. and Sifunda, S. and Manyaapelo, T. and Nyembezi, A.}
}
@article {698431,
	title = {Understanding and Addressing How Racism Can Affect Medical School Admissions-Making the Invisible Visible},
	journal = {JAMA Network Open},
	volume = {6},
	number = {2},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {e232291},
	author = {Mateo, C.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {698430,
	title = {Forgiveness in Human Flourishing},
	booktitle = {Human Flourishing},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {117-131},
	publisher = {Springer: Cham, Switzerland},
	organization = {Springer: Cham, Switzerland},
	author = {Toussaint, L. and Worthington, E. L. and Webb, J.R. and Wilson, C. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {M. Las Heras and M. Grau Grau and Y. Rofcanin}
}
@article {698429,
	title = {The associations of everyday and major discrimination exposure with violence and poor mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {318},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {115620},
	author = {Raj, A. and Chatterji, S. and Johns, N E. and Yore, J. and Dey, A.K. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {689648,
	title = {Race, racism, and health: global learning for national action},
	journal = {BMJ},
	volume = {376},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {o477},
	author = {Williams, D. R., and Coghill, Y. and Abbasi, K. and Naqvi, H.}
}
@article {698428,
	title = {Perceived major experiences of discrimination, ethnic group, and risk of psychosis in a six-country case-control study},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {52},
	number = {15},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {3668{\textendash}3676},
	author = {S. Misra and Gelaye, B. and Williams, D.R. and Koenen, K.C. and Borba, C. and Quattrone, D. and Di Forti, M. and Tripoli, G.}
}
@article {696650,
	title = {Social Determinants Associated With Exposure to Childhood Parental Bereavement and Subsequent Risk for Psychiatric Disorders},
	journal = {JAMA Network Open},
	volume = {5},
	number = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2239616},
	author = {Denckla, C.A. and Averkamp, N.M. and Slopen, N. and Espinosa Dice, A.L. and Williams, D. and Shear, M. K. and Koenen, K.C.}
}
@article {696648,
	title = {Inflammation and depression symptoms are most strongly associated for Black adults},
	journal = {Brain, Behavior, \& Immunity - Health},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {100552},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Moriarity, D.P. and Kamble, S. and Williams, D.R. and Slavich, G. M.}
}
@article {696647,
	title = {Population-level contribution of interpersonal discrimination to psychological distress among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and to Indigenous-non-Indigenous inequities: cross-sectional analysis of a community-controlled First Na},
	journal = {Lancet},
	volume = {400},
	number = {10368},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {2084{\textendash}2094},
	author = {Thurber, K.A. and Brinckley, M.M. and R. Jones and Evans, O. and Nichols, K. and Priest, N. and Guo, S. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {696646,
	title = {Purpose in life and 8-year mortality by gender and race/ethnicity among older adults in the U.S.},
	journal = {Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {107310},
	author = {Shiba, K. and Kubzansky, L. D. and Williams, D.R. and VanderWeele, T.J. and Kim, E.S.}
}
@article {696645,
	title = {A life course approach to understanding stress exposures and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {314},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {115448},
	author = {Chen, R. and Williams, D.R. and Nishimi, K. and Slopen, N. and Kubzansky, L. D. and J. Weuve}
}
@article {696642,
	title = {Translating the Biology of Adversity and Resilience Into New Measures for Pediatric Practice},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {57},
	number = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {2079-2095},
	author = {Bruffaerts, R. and Harris, M.G. and Kazdin, A.E. and Vigo, D.V. and Sampson, N. A. and Chiu, W. T. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Alonso, J.}
}
@article {696641,
	title = {Patterns and correlates of patient-reported helpfulness of treatment for common mental and substance use disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {World Psychiatry},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {272{\textendash}286},
	author = {Kessler, R. C. and Kazdin, A.E. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Alonso, J. and Altwaijri, Y. A. and L.H. Andrade and Benjet, C.}
}
@article {696640,
	title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Everyday Discrimination Scale and biomarker outcomes},
	journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {105772.},
	author = {Lawrence, J.A. and Kawachi, I. and K. White and Bassett, M.T. and Priest, N. and Masunga, J.G. and Cory HJ Mita C and Williams, D.R. and Mita, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {696639,
	title = {Racism and oral health equity in the United States: Identifying its effects and providing future directions},
	journal = {Journal of Public Health Dentistry},
	volume = {82},
	number = {Suppl 1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {8{\textendash}11},
	author = {Borrell, L.N., and Williams, D.R}
}
@article {696638,
	title = {The Immigrant Birthweight Paradox in an Urban Cohort: Role of Immigrant Enclaves and Ambient Air Pollution},
	journal = {Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology},
	volume = {32},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {571-582},
	author = {Chu, M.T. and Ettinger de Cuba, S. and Fabian, M.P. and Lane, K.J. and James-Todd, T. and Williams, D.R. and Coull, B. A. and F. Carnes}
}
@article {689650,
	title = {Association of the 2020 US Presidential Election With Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions},
	journal = {JAMA Network Open},
	volume = {5},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e228031},
	author = {Mefford, M.T. and Rana, J. S. and Reynolds, K. and Ranasinghe, O. and Mittleman, M.A. and Liu, J.Y. and Qian, L. and Zhou, H.}
}
@article {688429,
	title = {Racial disparities in psychological distress in post-apartheid South Africa: results from the SANHANES-1 survey},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {57},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {843-857},
	author = {Harriman, N.W. and Williams, D.R. and Morgan, J.W. and Sewpaul, R. and Manyaapelo, T. and Sifunda, S. and Mabaso, M. and Mbewu, A.D. and Reddy, S.P.}
}
@article {688427,
	title = {Reflection on modern methods: statistical, policy and ethical implications of using age-standardized health indicators to quantify inequities},
	journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {324-333},
	author = {Thurber, K.A. and Thandrayen, J. and Maddox, R. and Barrett, E.M. and Walker, J. and Priest, N. and Korda, R.J. and Banks, E. and Williams, D.R. and Lovett, R.}
}
@article {688423,
	title = {Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {112},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {624{\textendash}632},
	author = {S. Misra and Etkins, O.S. and Yang, L.H. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {688420,
	title = {Associations between multiple indicators of discrimination and allostatic load among middle-aged adults},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {114866},
	author = {Lawrence, J.A. and Kawachi, I. and K. White and Bassett, M.T. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {688419,
	title = {The Measurement of War-related Trauma amongst Internally Displaced Men and Women in South Sudan: Psychometric Analysis of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire},
	journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {102-112},
	author = {Sharma, M. and Koenen, K.C. and Borba, C. and Williams, D.R. and Deng, D.K.}
}
@article {688418,
	title = {Family Stressors and Resources as Social Determinants of Health among Caregivers and Young Children},
	journal = {Children},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {452},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Le Cook, B. and Morgan, J.W. and Flores, M.W. and Mateo, C. and Garcia Coll, C. and Acevedo Garcia, D. and Priest, N.}
}
@article {686977,
	title = {Racial Disparities in Cognitive Function among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Roles of Cumulative Stress Exposures Across the Life Course.},
	journal = {The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {357-364},
	author = {Chen, R. and J. Weuve and S. Misra and Cuevas, A. and Kubzansky, L. D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {686976,
	title = {Racial/Ethnic Differences in Burnout: a Systematic Review},
	journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {257{\textendash}269},
	author = {Lawrence, J.A. and Davis, B.A. and Corbette, T. and Hill, E.V. and Williams, D.R. and Reede, J.Y.}
}
@article {686975,
	title = {The Intellectual Roots Of Current Knowledge On Racism And Health: Relevance To Policy And The National Equity Discourse},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {41},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {163{\textendash}170},
	author = {Zambrana, R. E. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {674448,
	title = {Racism and Mental Health},
	journal = {World Psychiatry},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {194-195},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Etkins, O.S.}
}
@article {686974,
	title = {Disparities by Skin Color Among Young African-American Women},
	journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1002{\textendash}1011},
	author = {Moore, K.R. and Williams, D.R. and Baird, D. D.}
}
@article {686973,
	title = {Experiences with Everyday and Major Forms of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Type 2 Diabetes Risk among White, Black, and Hispanic/Latina Women: Findings from the Sister Study},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {190},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2552-2562},
	author = {Gaston, S.A. and Atere-Roberts, J. and J. Ward and Slopen, N.B. and Forde, A.T. and Sandler, D.P. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, C.L.}
}
@article {686972,
	title = {Associations between everyday discrimination and sleep quality and duration among African Americans over time in the Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {Sleep},
	volume = {44},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {zsab162},
	author = {Johnson, D.A. and Lewis, T.T. and Guo, N. and Jackson, C.L. and Sims, M. and Wilson, J.G. and Diez-Roux, A.V. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {686966,
	title = {Race, geographical location and other risk factors for hypertension: South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011/12},
	journal = {SSM - Population Health},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {100986},
	author = {Reddy, S.P. and Mbewu, A.D. and Williams, D.R. and Harriman, N.W. and Sewpaul, R. and Morgan, J.W. and Sifunda, S. and Manyaapelo, T. and Mabaso, M.}
}
@article {686965,
	title = {Perceived helpfulness of treatment for alcohol use disorders: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
	volume = {229},
	number = {PtB},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {109158. },
	author = {Degenhardt, L. and Bharat, C. and Chiu, W. T. and Harris, M. and Kazdin, A.E. and Vigo, D.V. and Sampson, N. and Alonso, J.}
}
@article {686964,
	title = {Patterns of care and dropout rates from outpatient mental healthcare in low-, middle- and high-income countries from the World Health Organization{\textquoteright}s World Mental Health Survey Initiative},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {51},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {2104-2116},
	author = {Fern{\'a}ndez, D. and Vigo, D. and Sampson, N. A. and Hwang, I. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Al-Hamzawi, A.O. and Alonso, J. and L.H. Andrade and Bromet, E.J.}
}
@article {686963,
	title = {Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995-2016},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {190},
	number = {9},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1735-1743},
	author = {Louie, P. and Upenieks, L. and Siddiqi, A. and Williams, D.R. and Takeuchi, D.T.}
}
@article {686962,
	title = {Developmental timing of initial racial discrimination exposure is associated with cardiovascular health conditions in adulthood},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Health},
	volume = {26},
	number = {7},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {949-962. },
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Ho, T. and Rodgers, J. and DeNufrio, D. and Alley, L. and Allen, J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {686960,
	title = {Late Adulthood, COVID-19-Related Stress Perceptions, Meaning in Life, and Forgiveness as Predictors of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {731017},
	author = {Toussaint, L. and Cheadle, L. and Dezutter, J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {680705,
	title = {Associations Between Purpose in Life and Mortality by SES},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {61},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e53{\textendash}e61},
	author = {Shiba, K. and Kubzansky, L. D. and Williams, D.R. and VanderWeele, T.J. and Kim, E.S.}
}
@article {680704,
	title = {Walking the talk on multi-level interventions: The power of parsimony},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {283},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {114189},
	author = {McBride, C.M and Cooper, H.L. and Williams, D.R. and Emmons, K.M.}
}
@article {678312,
	title = {Association of cultural affinity and island food consumption in the Pacific Islander health study},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Health},
	volume = {26},
	number = {5},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {769-785},
	author = {Baumhofer, N.K. and Panapasa, S.V. and Cook, E.F. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {678299,
	title = {Relationship between Everyday Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents in Northern Chile},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {6485},
	author = {Caqueo-Ur{\'\i}zar, A. and Urz{\'u}a, A. and Mena-Chamorro, P. and Flores, J. and Irarr{\'a}zaval, M. and Graniffo, E. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {678298,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination, Retention, and Diabetes Risk Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a Diabetes Lifestyle Intervention},
	journal = {Journal of Aging and Health},
	volume = {33},
	number = {(7-8_suppl)},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {18S{\textendash}30S},
	author = {Gonzales, K.L. and Jiang, L. and Garcia-Alexander, G. and Jacob, M.M. and Chang, J. and Williams, D.R. and Bullock, A. and Manson, S.M.}
}
@article {678297,
	title = {What Racism Has to Do with It: Understanding and Reducing Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Youth of Color},
	journal = {Healthcare},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {673},
	author = {Boutrin, M-C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {678296,
	title = {Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {6577},
	author = {Thurber, K.A. and Colonna, E. and R. Jones and Gee, G.C. and Priest, N. and R. Cohen and Williams, D.R. and Thandrayen, J.}
}
@article {677632,
	title = {Discrimination and Leukocyte Telomere Length by Depressive Symptomatology: The Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {Healthcare},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {639},
	author = {Glover, L.M. and Cen{\'e}, C.W. and Reiner, A. and Gebreab, S. and Williams, D.R. and North, K. E. and Sims, M.}
}
@article {677631,
	title = {Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {10},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {5312},
	author = {Urz{\'u}a, A. and Caqueo-Ur{\'\i}zar, A. and Henr{\'\i}quez, D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {677630,
	title = {Resilience-promoting policies and contexts for children of color in the United States: Existing research and future priorities},
	journal = {Development and Psychopathology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {614-624},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {677629,
	title = {The relative contributions of behavioral, biological, and psychological risk factors in the association between psychosocial stress and all-cause mortality among middle- and older-aged adults in the USA},
	journal = {GeroScience},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {655{\textendash}672},
	author = {Rodgers, J. and Cuevas, A.G. and Williams, D.R. and Kawachi, I. and Subramanian, S.V.}
}
@article {674906,
	title = {Structural Racism: A Call to Action for Health and Health Disparities Research},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {31},
	number = {Suppl 1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {285-288},
	author = {Priest, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {674315,
	title = {Understanding and Mitigating Health Inequities{\textemdash} Past, Current, and Future Directions},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	volume = {384},
	number = {18},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1681-1684},
	author = {Lavizzo-Mourey, R.J. and Besser, R.E. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {674135,
	title = {Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health},
	journal = {Annual Review of Public Health},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {115-134},
	author = {Shonkoff, J.P. and Slopen, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {674134,
	title = {Linking Sleep and Discrimination and Profiles with Biomakers: An Investigation in the MIDUS Study},
	journal = {Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {100021},
	author = {Yip, T. and M. Chen and Y. Wang, and Slopen, N. and Chae, D. and Priest, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {674133,
	title = {Socioeconomic Correlates of Obesity in African-American and Caribbean-Black Men and Women},
	journal = {Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities},
	volume = {8},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {422-432},
	author = {Barrington, D.S. and James, S.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {672024,
	title = {Racism: A fundamental driver of racial disparities in health care quality},
	journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {20},
	author = {Mateo, C.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {671935,
	title = {The role of stress in breast cancer incidence: risk factors, interventions, and directions for the future},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1871},
	author = {Bowen, D.J. and Poole, S.F. and White, M. and Lyn, R. and Flores, D.A. and Haile, H. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668710,
	title = {Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond},
	journal = {BMJ},
	volume = {372},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {m4921},
	author = {Razai, M.S. and Kankam, H.K.N. and Majeed, A. and Esmail, A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668709,
	title = {Discrimination and anxiety: Using multiple polygenic scores to control for genetic liability},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {118},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2017224118},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Mann, F.D. and Williams, D.R. and Krueger, R.F.}
}
@article {668708,
	title = {Developing and validating measures of self-reported everyday and healthcare discrimination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults},
	journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
	volume = {20},
	number = {14},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1-10},
	author = {Thurber, K.A. and Walker, J. and Batterham, P.J. and Gee, G.C. and Chapman, J. and Priest, N. and R. Cohen and Richardson, A. and Calear, A.L. and Williams, D.R. and Lovett, R.}
}
@article {655182,
	title = {COVID-19 and Health Equity{\textemdash}A New Kind of {\textquotedblleft}Herd Immunity"},
	journal = {JAMA},
	volume = {323},
	number = {24},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2478{\textendash}2480},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Cooper, L.A.}
}
@article {698168,
	title = {Psychosocial Stress, Glucocorticoid Signaling, and Prostate Cancer Health Disparities in African American Men},
	journal = {Cancer Health Disparities},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2020},
	author = {Woods-Burnham, L. and Stiel, L. and Martinez, S.R. and Sanchez-Hernandez, E.S. and Ruckle, H.C. and Almaguel, F.G. and Stern, M.C. and Roberts, L.R.}
}
@article {668655,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination Trajectories and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults},
	journal = {Innovation in Aging},
	volume = {4},
	number = {5},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {igaa041},
	author = {K. White and Bell, B. A. and Huang, S. J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668654,
	title = {Discrimination and systemic inflammation: A critical review and synthesis},
	journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {465{\textendash}479},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Ong, A.D. and Carvalho, K. and Ho, T. and Chan, S. and Allen, J. D. and Chen, R. and Rodgers, J. and Biba, U. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668653,
	title = {Assessing racial differences in lifetime and current smoking status \&amp; menthol consumption among Latinos in a nationally representative sample},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Health},
	volume = {25},
	number = {5},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {759{\textendash}775},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Ortiz, K. and Lopez, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668652,
	title = {Addressing Bias and Reducing Discrimination: The Professional Responsibility of Health Care Providers},
	journal = {Academic Medicine},
	volume = {95},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {S5-S10},
	author = {Mateo, C.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668651,
	title = {More Than Words: A Vision to Address Bias and Reduce Discrimination in the Health Professions Learning Environment},
	journal = {Academic Medicine},
	volume = {95},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {S169-S177},
	author = {Mateo, C.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {668650,
	title = {Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Urban Jamaica: Prevalence Estimates and Relationship to Community Property Value, Household Assets and Educational Attainment},
	journal = {BMJ Open},
	volume = {10},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e040664},
	author = {McKenzie, J.A. and Younger-Coleman, N.O. and Tulloch-Reid, M.K. and Govia, I. and Bennett, N.R. and McFarlane, S.R. and Walters, R. and Francis, D.K.}
}
@article {668647,
	title = {Psychological resilience: an update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations},
	journal = {European Journal of Psychotraumatology},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1822064},
	author = {Denckla, C.A. and Cicchetti, D. and Kubzansky, L. D. and Seedat, S. and Teicher, M.H. and Williams, D.R. and Koenen, K.C}
}
@article {665871,
	title = {Sociopolitical stress and acute cardiovascular disease hospitalizations around the 2016 presidential election},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {117},
	number = {43},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {27054{\textendash}27058},
	author = {Mefford, MT and Mittleman, MA and Li, BH and Qian, LX and Reynolds, K and Zhou, H. and Harrison, TN and Geller, AC and Sidney, S and Sloan, RP and Mostofsky, E and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {665870,
	title = {Excess Deaths From COVID-19, Community Bereavement, and Restorative Justice for Communities of Color},
	journal = {JAMA},
	volume = {324},
	number = {15},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1491{\textendash}1492},
	author = {Cooper, L.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {665869,
	title = {Online negative sentiment towards Mexicans and Hispanics and impact on mental well-being: A time-series analysis of social media data during the 2016 United States presidential election},
	journal = {Heliyon},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e04910},
	author = {Hswen, Y and Qin, Q and Williams, D.R. and K. Viswanath and Subramanian SV and Brownstein JS}
}
@article {665868,
	title = {The relationship between Jim Crow laws and social capital from 1997-2014: A 3-level multilevel hierarchical analysis across time, county and state},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {262},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {113142},
	author = {Hswen, Y and Qin, Q and William, DR and K. Viswanath and J. S. Brownstein and S V Subramanian}
}
@article {663134,
	title = {Clean and Contain: Initial Development of a Measure of Infection Prevention Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic},
	journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
	volume = {54},
	number = {9},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {619{\textendash}625},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Cheadle, A.D. and Fox, J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {663133,
	title = {Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Patient Experiences in the United States: 4-Year Content Analysis of Twitter},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
	volume = {22},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {e17048},
	author = {Y. Hswen and Hawkins, J. B. and Sewalk, K. and Tuli, G. and Williams, D.R. and K. Viswanath and Subramanian, S.V. and J. S. Brownstein}
}
@article {663097,
	title = {Trajectories of Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Functioning Among African American and Latino Adolescents},
	journal = {Child Development},
	volume = {91},
	number = {5},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1577-1593},
	author = {B.M. Tynes and English, D. and Del Toro, J. and Smith, N.A. and Lozada, F.T. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {660814,
	title = {Everyday and major experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and sleep health in a multiethnic population of U.S. women: findings from the Sister Study},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {97{\textendash}105},
	author = {Gaston, S.A. and Feinstein, L. and Slopen, N. and Sandler, D.P. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, C.L.}
}
@article {660813,
	title = {How early life adversities influence later life family interactions for individuals with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment: A qualitative analysis},
	journal = {Community Mental Health Journal},
	volume = {56},
	number = {6},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1188-1200},
	author = {S. Misra and Johnson, K.A. and Parnarouskis, L.M. and Koenen, K.C. and Williams, D.R. and Gelaye, B. and Borba, C.P.C.}
}
@article {660812,
	title = {Pervasive Discrimination and Allostatic Load in African-American and White Adults},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {82},
	number = {3},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {316-323},
	author = {Van Dyke, M.E. and Baumhofer, N.K. and Slopen, N. and Mujahid, M.S. and Clark, C.R. and Williams, D.R. and Lewis, T.T}
}
@article {660811,
	title = {Barriers to mental health service use and predictors of treatment drop out: Racial/ethnic variation in a population-based study},
	journal = {Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Service Research},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {606-616},
	author = {Green, J.G. and McLaughlin, K.A. and Fillbrunn, M. and Fukuda, M. and Jackson, J.S. and Kessler, R. C. and Sadikova, E. and Sampson, N. A.}
}
@article {660810,
	title = {Inequalities in the distribution of childhood adversity from birth to 11 years},
	journal = {Academic Pediatrics},
	volume = {20},
	number = {5},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {609-618},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor, M. and Slopen, N. and Becares, L. and Burgner, D. and Williams, D.R. and Priest, N.}
}
@article {660809,
	title = {The Role of Parents{\textquoteright} Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices in the Discrimination{\textendash}Depression Link among Mexican-Origin Adolescents},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Child \& Adolescent Psychology},
	volume = {49},
	number = {3},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {391-404},
	author = {Park, I.J.K and Du, H. and Wang, L. and Williams, D.R. and Alegr{\'\i}a, M}
}
@article {652866,
	title = {Objective Measures of Sleep Apnea and Actigraphy-based Sleep Characteristics as Correlates of Subjective Sleep Quality in an Epidemiological Study: The Jackson Heart Sleep Study},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {82},
	number = {3},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {324-330},
	author = {Johnson, D.A. and Javaheri, S. and Guo, N. and Champion, C.L. and Sims, J.F. and Brock, M.P. and Sims, M. and Patel, S.R.}
}
@article {652336,
	title = {A Structural Model of Social Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome},
	volume = {30},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {331-338},
	author = {K.W. Smith and Krieger, N. and A. Kosheleva and Urato, M. and Waterman, P.D. and Williams, D.R. and Carney, D. R. and Chen J.T. and Bennett C.G. and E. Freeman}
}
@article {652335,
	title = {Let it rest: Sleep and health as positive correlates of forgiveness of others and self-forgiveness},
	journal = {Psychology \& Health},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {302-317},
	author = {Toussaint, L. and Gall A. and Cheadle A. and Williams D.R.}
}
@article {652334,
	title = {The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys.},
	journal = {Addictive Behaviors},
	volume = {102},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {106128},
	author = {Glantz, M.D. and Bharat, C. and Degenhardt, L. and Sampson, N. A. and K.M. Scott and Lim, C.C.W. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Alonso, J.}
}
@article {649843,
	title = {Sociodemographic factors influencing island foods consumption in the Pacific Islander Health Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Health},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {305-321},
	author = {Baumhofer, N.K. and Panapasa, S.V. and Cook, E.F. and Roberto, C.A. and Williams, D.R}
}
@article {649842,
	title = {Interview with David Williams. {\textquotedblleft}Harnessing the outrage: it{\textquoteright}s time the NHS tackled racial bias.{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {British Medical Journal},
	volume = {368},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {m341},
	author = {Anekwe, L.}
}
@inbook {647867,
	title = {Forgiveness and Physical Health},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Forgiveness: Second Edition},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {178-187},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Worthington Jr., E.L. and Williams, D.R. and Webb, J.R.},
	editor = {Worthington Jr., E.L. and Wade, N.G.}
}
@article {647865,
	title = {The relationship between discrimination and missed HIV care appointments among women living with HIV},
	journal = {AIDS and Behavior},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {151-164},
	author = {Cressman, A.E. and Howe, C.J. and Nunn, A.S. and Adimora, A.A. and Williams, D.R. and Kempf, M-J. and Chandran, A. and Wentz, E.L.}
}
@article {647864,
	title = {Assessing the Role of Health Behaviors, Socioeconomic Status, and Cumulative Stress for Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Obesity},
	journal = {Obesity},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {161{\textendash}170},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Chen, R. and Slopen, N. and Thurber, K.A. and Wilson, N. and Economos, C and Williams, D.R}
}
@article {635331,
	title = {Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action.},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {606},
	author = {Willaims, D.R. and Cooper, L.A.}
}
@article {635330,
	title = {Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research},
	journal = {Annual Review of Public Health,},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {105-125},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Lawrence, J.A. and Davis, B.A.}
}
@article {647855,
	title = {Understanding How Discrimination Can Affect Health},
	journal = {Health Services Research},
	volume = {54},
	number = {S2},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1374-1388},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Lawrence, J.A. and Davis, B.A. and Vu, C.}
}
@inbook {647853,
	title = {{\textquoteleft}We Just Haven{\textquoteright}t Put Our Minds to It{\textquoteright}: An Interview With David Williams Describing the Trajectory of His Career Studying Racism},
	booktitle = {Racism: Science \& Tools for the Public Health Professional},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {73-95},
	publisher = {APHA Press},
	organization = {APHA Press},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and with Griffith, D.M.},
	editor = {Ford, C.L. and Griffith, D.M. and Bruce, M.A. and Gilbert, K.L.}
}
@article {647849,
	title = {Confronting Bias and Discrimination in Health Care{\textemdash}When Silence Is Not Golden},
	journal = {JAMA Internal Medicine},
	volume = {179},
	number = {12},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1686-1687},
	author = {Cooper, L.A. and Beach, M.C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647847,
	title = {Sleep Debt: The impact of weekday sleep deprivation on cardiovascular health in older women},
	journal = {Sleep},
	volume = {42},
	number = {10},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {zsz149},
	author = {Cabeza de Baca, T. and Chayama, K.L. and Redline, S. and Slopen, N. and Matsushita, F and Prather, A. and Williams, D.R. and Buring, J. E.}
}
@article {647845,
	title = {The Intergenerational Transmission of Discrimination: Children{\textquoteright}s Experiences of Unfair Treatment and Their Mothers{\textquoteright} Health at Midlife},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {60},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {474-492},
	author = {Colen, C.G. and Li, Q. and Reczek, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647843,
	title = {Disparities in insulin resistance between black and white adults in the United States: The role of lifespan stress exposure},
	journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1-8},
	author = {Fuller-Rowell, T.E. and Homandberg, L.K. and Curtis, D.S. and Tsenkova, V.K. and Williams, D.R. and Ryff, C.D.}
}
@article {647842,
	title = {Lifetime discrimination, global sleep quality, and inflammation burden in a multiethnic sample of middle-aged adults},
	journal = {Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {82-90},
	author = {Ong, A.D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647841,
	title = {Validity of details in databases logging police killings - Authors{\textquoteright} reply},
	journal = {Lancet},
	volume = {393},
	number = {10179},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1413},
	author = {Bor, J. and Venkataramani, A.S. and Williams, D.R. and A.C. Tsai}
}
@article {647839,
	title = {Racial and Ethnic Differences in Individual-Level and Area-based Socioeconomic Status and 12-Month DSM-IV Mental Disorders},
	journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {48-59},
	author = {Chen, R. and Kessler, R. and Sadikova, E. and NeMoyer, A. and Sampson, N. and Alvarez, K. and Vilsaint, C. and Green, J.}
}
@article {647836,
	title = {Racial/ethnic variation in trauma-related psychopathology in the United States: a population-based study},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {49},
	number = {13},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2215-2226},
	author = {McLaughlin, K.A. and Alvarez, K. and Fillbrunn, M. and Green, J.G. and Jackson, J.S. and Kessler, R. C. and Sadikova, E. and Sampson, N. A.}
}
@article {647835,
	title = {Psychological Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study},
	journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
	volume = {53},
	number = {11},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {964-974},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Chen, R. and Thurber, K.A. and Slopen, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647834,
	title = {Socioenvironmental adversity and risk of prostate cancer in non-Hispanic black and white men},
	journal = {Cancer Causes \& Control},
	volume = {30},
	number = {9},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {997-1007},
	author = {Kantor, E.D. and S. Haneuse and Valdimarsd{\'o}ttir, U.A. and Williams, D.R. and Signorello, L.B. and Rider, J.R.}
}
@article {647833,
	title = {The association between perceived discrimination and allostatic load in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {81},
	number = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {659-667},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Wang, K. and Williams, D.R. and Mattei, J. and Tucker, K.L. and Falcon, L.M.}
}
@article {647832,
	title = {Financial strain and ideal cardiovascular health in middle-aged and older women: Data from the Women{\textquoteright}s health study},
	journal = {American Heart Journal},
	volume = {215},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {129-138},
	author = {Cabeza de Baca, T. and Pe{\~n}a, M.S.B. and Slopen, N. and Williams, D. and Buring, J., and Albert, M.A.}
}
@article {647831,
	title = {Self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia: a multicentric study from three Latin-America countries},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {54},
	number = {8},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {905-909},
	author = {Caqueo-Ur{\'\i}zar, A. and Boyer, L. and Urz{\'u}a, A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647830,
	title = {Placing prostate cancer disparities within a psychosocial context: challenges and opportunities for future research},
	journal = {Cancer Causes Control},
	volume = {30},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {443-456},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Trudel-Fitzgerald, C. and Cofie, L. and Zaitsu, M. and Allen, J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647828,
	title = {Contextual Religiosity and The Risk of Alcohol Use Disorders and Suicidal Thoughts among Adults in the United States},
	journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
	volume = {250},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {439-446},
	author = {Ransome, Y. and Perez, A. and Strayhorn, S. and Gilman, S.E. and Williams, D.R and Krause, N.}
}
@article {647827,
	title = {Cumulative Psychosocial Stress and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Older Women: Data by Race/Ethnicity},
	journal = {Circulation},
	volume = {139},
	number = {17},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2012-2021},
	author = {Burroughs-Pe{\~n}a, M.S. and Mbassa, R.S. and Slopen, N.B and Williams, D.R. and Buring, J. and Albert, M.A.}
}
@article {647826,
	title = {Racial/ethnic differences in 12-month prevalence and persistence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: Variation by nativity and socioeconomic status},
	journal = {Comprehensive Psychiatry},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {52-60},
	author = {Vilsaint, C.L. and NeMoyer, A. and Fillbrunn, M. and Sadikova, E., and Kessler, R.C and Sampson, N. A. and Alvarez, K. and Green, J.G.}
}
@article {647825,
	title = {Early parental death and risk of psychosis in offspring: A six-country case-control study},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
	volume = {8},
	number = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1081},
	author = {S. Misra and Gelaye, B. and Koenen, K. and Williams, D. and Borba, C. and Quattrone, D. and Di Forti, M. and La Cascia, C.}
}
@article {635329,
	title = {Transitions between lifetime alcohol use, regular use and remission: Results from the 2004 South African Stress and Health Survey},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {109},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {40-46},
	author = {Burnhams, N.H. and Bharat, C. and Williams, D.R. and Stein, D.J. and B. Myers}
}
@article {635328,
	title = {Racism and the Life Course: Taking Time Seriously},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {109},
	number = {S1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {S43-S47},
	author = {Gee, G.C. and Hing, A. and Mohammed, S. and Tabor, D.C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {635327,
	title = {We{\textquoteright}ve Come This Far by Faith: The Role of the Black Church in Public Health},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {109},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {385-386},
	author = {Brewer, L.P. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23037,
	title = {The Intergenerational Transmission of Discrimination: Children{\textquoteright}s Experiences of Unfair Treatment and Their Mothers{\textquoteright} Health at Midlife},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {60},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {474-492},
	author = {Colen, C.G. and Li, Q. and Reczek, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {633322,
	title = {Stress and the Mental Health of Populations of Color: Advancing Our Understanding of Race-Related Stressors.},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {59},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {466-485},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {633321,
	title = {Racism and Mental Health: Pathways, Evidence, and Needed Research.},
	booktitle = {Black Mental Health: Patients, Providers, and Systems,},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {269-281},
	publisher = {American Psychiatric Association Publishing},
	organization = {American Psychiatric Association Publishing},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and McAdams-Mahmoud, A.},
	editor = {Griffith, E.E.H. and Jones, B.E. and Stewart, A.J.}
}
@article {110046,
	title = {Civil rights as determinants of public health and racial and ethnic health equity: health care, education, employment, and housing in the United States},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine - Population Health},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {17-24},
	author = {Hahn, R.A. and Truman, B.I. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {647822,
	title = {Complementary and alternative medicine contacts by persons with mental disorders in 25 countries: results from the World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, },
	volume = {27},
	number = {6},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {552-567},
	author = {deJonge, P. and Wardenaar, K.J. and Hoenders, H.R. and Evans-Lacko, S., and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Alonso, J.}
}
@article {635321,
	title = {Lack of Diversity In Genomic Databases Is A Barrier To Translating Precision Medicine Research Into Practice.},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {37},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {780-785},
	author = {Landry, L.G. and Ali, N. and Williams D.R and Rehm, H. L. and Bonham, V.L.}
}
@inbook {633319,
	title = {Major Depressive Disorder },
	booktitle = {Mental Disorders Around the World: Facts and Figures from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {41-56},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Bromet, E.J. and L.H. Andrade and Bruffaerts, R. and Williams, D.R},
	editor = {K.M. Scott and deJonge, P. and Stein, D.J. and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {633318,
	title = {Relationship Between Psycho-social Stressors and Atrial Fibrillation in Women\&gt; 45 Years of Age.},
	journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
	volume = {122},
	number = {10},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1684-1687},
	author = {Westcott, S.K. and Beach, L.Y. and Matsushita, F. and Albert, C.M. and Chatterjee, N. and Wong, J. and Williams, D.R. and Vinayagamoorthy, M.}
}
@article {633317,
	title = {Sleep and cardio-metabolic health by government-assisted rental housing status among black and white men and women in the United States.},
	journal = {Sleep Health},
	volume = {4},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {420-428},
	author = {Gaston, S.A. and Jackson, W. B. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, C.L.}
}
@article {633315,
	title = {Structuring Research to Address Discrimination as a Factor in Child and Adolescent Health.},
	journal = {JAMA Pediatrics},
	volume = {172},
	number = {10},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {910-912},
	author = {Heard-Garris, N. and Williams, D.R. and Davis, M.}
}
@article {633314,
	title = {Spillover effects of police killings on the mental health of black Americans in the general US population.},
	journal = {The Lancet},
	volume = {392},
	number = {10144},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {302-310},
	author = {Bor, J. and Venkataramani A.S. and Williams, D.R and A.C. Tsai}
}
@article {633313,
	title = {Care and Prevention in the United States (CAPUS): A Call for More Focus on the Social Determinants of HIV/AIDS.},
	journal = {Public Health Reports},
	volume = {133 (2_suppl)},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {28S-33S},
	author = {De Jesus, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {633312,
	title = {Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys.},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1560-1571},
	author = {Evans-Lacko, S. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Alonso, J. and Benjet, C. and Bruffaerts, R. and Chiu, W. T. and Florescu, S.}
}
@article {633306,
	title = {The Effects of Whiteness on the Health of Whites in the USA.},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {199},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {148-156},
	author = {Malat, J. and Mayorga-Gallo, S. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {633305,
	title = {Changes in the nutritional quality of fast-food items marketed at restaurants, 2010 v. 2013.},
	journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
	volume = {21},
	number = {11},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {2117-2127},
	author = {Soo, J. and Harris, J.L. and Davison, K.K. and Williams, D.R. and Roberto, C.A.}
}
@inbook {633302,
	title = {Cumulative Stress and Health},
	booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science },
	year = {2018},
	pages = {75-85},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Meyer, C. and Willaims, D.R.},
	editor = {Ryff, C.D. and Krueger, R.F.}
}
@inbook {633280,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination and Health: Integrative Findings},
	booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {443-455},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press: New York},
	organization = {Oxford University Press: New York},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Ryff, C.D. and Krueger, R.F.}
}
@article {622578,
	title = {A multilevel approach to modeling health inequities at the intersection of multiple social identities},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {64-73},
	author = {Evans, CR and Williams, D.R. and Onnela, J. and S V Subramanian}
}
@article {622577,
	title = {Stereotyping across intersections of race and age: Racial stereotyping among White adults working with children},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {13},
	number = {9},
	year = {2018},
	author = {Priest, N. and Slopen, N. and Woolford, S. and Philip, J.T. and Singer, D. and Kauffman, A.D. and Mosely, K. and Davis, M. and Ransome, Y. and Williams D.}
}
@inbook {621673,
	title = {Patterns of Treatment and Barriers to Care in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder},
	booktitle = {Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Global Perspectives from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {137-151},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Thornicroft, G. and Evans-Lacko, S. and Koenen, K.C. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Williams, D.R. and Kessler, R. C.},
	editor = {Bromet, E. and Karam, E. and Koenen, K. and Stein, D.}
}
@article {611150,
	title = {Coping with racism: Moderators of the discrimination{\textemdash}adjustment link among Mexican-origin adolescents.},
	journal = {Child Development},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {e293-e310},
	author = {Park, I.J.K and Wang, L. and Williams, D.R. and Alegria, M.}
}
@article {609339,
	title = {Elevated Inflammation in Association With Alcohol Abuse Among Blacks But Not Whites: Results From The MIDUS Biomarker Study},
	journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {374-384},
	author = {Ransome, Y. and Slopen, N. and Karlsson, O. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {608928,
	title = {Racial/ethnic discrimination and mental health in Mexican-origin youths and their parents: Testing the {\textquotedblleft}linked lives{\textquotedblright} hypothesis.},
	journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {480-487},
	author = {Park, I.J.K. and Du, H. and Wang, L. and Williams, D.R. and Alegria, M.}
}
@article {605658,
	title = {Williams, D.R. Racial disparities in health among nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The role of acute and chronic discrimination},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {199},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {167-180},
	author = {Colen, C.G. and Ramey, D.M. and Cooksey, E.C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {604302,
	title = {Racial Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health},
	booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {163-182},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press, New York},
	organization = {Oxford University Press, New York},
	author = {Priest, N. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Major, B. and Dovidio, J.F. and Link, B.G.}
}
@article {604300,
	title = {Health Effects of Dramatic Societal Events{\textemdash}Ramifications of the Recent Presidential Election},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	volume = {376},
	number = {23},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {2295-2299},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Medlock, M.M.}
}
@inbook {604299,
	title = {The Health of the African Diaspora in the Caribbean: Current Realities and Opportunities for Research and Policy},
	booktitle = {Legacy of the Crossing: Life, Death, and Triumph Among Descendants of the World{\textquoteright}s Greatest Forced Migration},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {359-381},
	publisher = {New York: Diasporic Africa Press},
	organization = {New York: Diasporic Africa Press},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Thomas A. LaVeist}
}
@inbook {604298,
	title = {Race and Mental Health},
	booktitle = {A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems,},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {281-304},
	publisher = {New York: Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {New York: Cambridge University Press},
	edition = {Third},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Costa, M. and J.P. Leavell},
	editor = {Teresa L. Scheid and Eric R. Wright}
}
@inbook {604294,
	title = {From Disparity to Equity},
	booktitle = {Knowledge to Actions: Accelerating Progress in Health, Well-Being, and Equity},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {21-30},
	publisher = {New York: Oxford University Press},
	organization = {New York: Oxford University Press},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Alonzo L. Plough}
}
@article {635219,
	title = {Post-traumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys.},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {47},
	number = {13},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {2260-2274},
	author = {Koenen, K.C. and Ratanatharathorn, A. and Ng, L. and McLaughlin, K.A. and Bromet, E.J. and Stein D.J. and Karam, E.G. and Ruscio, A. M. and Benjet, C.}
}
@article {635218,
	title = {Stigma Consciousness, Racial Microaggressions, and Sleep Disturbance Among Asian Americans.},
	journal = {Asian American Journal of Psychology},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {72-81},
	author = {Ong, A.D. and Cerrada, C. and Lee, R.A. and Williams D.R.}
}
@article {633331,
	title = {Mental Health, Racial Discrimination, and Tobacco Use: Differences Across Rural-Urban California.},
	journal = {The Journal of Rural Health },
	number = {33},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {180-189},
	author = {Agunwamba, A.A. and Kawachi, I. and Williams, D.R. and Finney Rutten, L.J. and Wilson, P.M. and K. Viswanath}
}
@article {633329,
	title = {Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine },
	volume = {47},
	number = {13},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {2260-2274},
	author = {Koenen, K.C. and Ratanatharathorn, A. and Ng, L. and McLaughlin, K.A. and Bromet, E. J and Stein, D. J and Karam, E.G.}
}
@article {604293,
	title = {Black Lives Matter: A Theological Response to Racism{\textonesuperior}s Impact on the Black Body in the United States},
	journal = {Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae},
	volume = {43},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {28-45},
	author = {Mitchell, C.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604292,
	title = {Schizophrenia: impact on family dynamics},
	journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {2},
	author = {Caqueo-Ur{\'\i}zar, A. and Rus-Calafell, M. and Craig, T.K. and Irarrazaval, M. and Urz{\'u}a, A. and Boyer, L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604291,
	title = {The association between alcohol abuse and neuroendocrine system dysregulation: Race differences in a National sample},
	journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {313-321},
	author = {Ransome, Y. and Slopen, N. and Karlsson, O. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604290,
	title = {Racial Disparities in the Association between Alcohol Use Disorders and Health in Black and White Women},
	journal = {Biodemography and Social Biology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {3},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {236-252},
	author = {Ransome, Y. and Carty, D.C. and Cogburn, C.D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604286,
	title = {Associations between race, discrimination and risk for chronic disease in a population-based sample from Canada},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {194},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {135-141},
	author = {Siddiqi, A. and Shahidi, F.V. and Ramraj, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604285,
	title = {Cumulative psychological stress and cardiovascular disease risk in middle aged and older women: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics},
	journal = {American Heart Journal},
	number = {192},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {1-12},
	author = {Albert, M.A. and Durazo, E.M. and Slopen, N. and Zaslavsky, A.M. and Buring, J. E. and Silva, T. and Chasman, D. and Williams, D. R.,}
}
@article {604284,
	title = {The role of religious advisors in mental health care in the World Mental Health surveys},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {353-367},
	author = {Kovess-Masfety, V. and Evans-Lacko, S. and Williams, D.R. and L.H. Andrade and Benjet, C. and Ten Have, M. and Wardenaar, K. and Karam, E.G.}
}
@article {604283,
	title = {Caregiver{\textquoteright}s quality of life and its positive impact on symptomatology and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia},
	journal = {Health and Quality Life of Outcomes},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {76},
	author = {Caqueo-Ur{\~A}{\textlnot}zar, A. and Alessandrini, M. and Urzua, A. and Zendjidjian, X. and Boyer, L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604282,
	title = {Positive Childhood Experiences and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Midlife: Associations and Mediators},
	journal = {Preventive Medicine.},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {72-79},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Chen, Y. and Guida, J.L. and Albert, M.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604281,
	title = {Psychosocial factors and hypertension: A review of the literature},
	journal = {Cardiology Clinics},
	volume = {35},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {223-230},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Williams, D.R. and Albert, M.A.}
}
@article {604280,
	title = {Comparison of Prevalence and Types of Mutations in Lung Cancers Among Black and White Populations},
	journal = {JAMA Oncology},
	volume = {3},
	number = {6},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {801-809},
	author = {Campbell, J.D. and Lathan, C.L. and Sholl, L. and Ducar, M. and Vega, M. and Sunkavalli, A. and Lin, L. and Hanna, M. and Schubert, L. and Thorner, A. and Faris, N. and Williams, D.R. and Osarogiagbon, R.U. and van Hummelen, P. and Myerson, M. and MacConaill, L.}
}
@article {604279,
	title = {Does anger regulation mediate the discrimination{\textendash}mental health link among mexican-origin adolescents? A longitudinal mediation analysis using multilevel modeling.},
	journal = {Developmental Psychology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {340-352},
	author = {I.J. Park and Wang, L. and Williams, D.R. and Alegr{\'\i}a, M.}
}
@article {604278,
	title = {Everyday Unfair Treatment and Multisystem Biological Dysregulation in African American Adults},
	journal = {Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {27-35},
	author = {Ong, A.D. and Williams, D.R. and Nwizu, U. and Gruenewald, T.L.}
}
@article {605804,
	title = {Violent behavior and aggression in schizophrenia: Prevalence and risk factors. A multicentric study from three Latin-America Countries.},
	journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
	volume = {178},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {23-38},
	author = {Caqueo-Urizar, A. and Fond, G. and Urzua, A. and Boyer, L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {604263,
	title = {Smoking: How Income, Education, and Ethnic Characteristics Relate to Tobacco Use},
	booktitle = {People of Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities, Health, and Immigration },
	year = {2016},
	pages = {310-318},
	publisher = {.Santa Barbara, Greenwood Press. },
	organization = {.Santa Barbara, Greenwood Press. },
	edition = {3},
	author = {Shen, L. and Simoneau, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {604262,
	title = {Mental Health of African Americans and Contemporary Racism},
	booktitle = {People of Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities, Health, and Immigration },
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Santa Barbara, Greenwood Press},
	organization = {Santa Barbara, Greenwood Press},
	author = {Tamane, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604261,
	title = {Race and Skin Color in Latino Health: An Analytic Review},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {106},
	number = {12},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2131-2136},
	author = {Cuevas, A.G. and Dawson, B.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604257,
	title = {Health Disparities and the Microbiome},
	journal = {Trends in Microbiology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {11},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {847-850},
	author = {Findley, K. and Williams, D.R. and Grice, E.A. and Bonham, V.L.}
}
@article {604256,
	title = {Disparities at the Intersection of Marginalized Groups},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {10},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1349-1359},
	author = {Jackson, J.W. and Williams D.R. and VanderWeele, T.J.}
}
@article {604255,
	title = {A Longitudinal Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Development of Metabolic Syndrome: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {78},
	number = {7},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {867-73},
	author = {Womack, V.Y. and De Chavez, P.J. and Albrecht, S.S. and Durant, N. and Loucks, E.B. and Puterman, E. and Redmond, N. and Siddique, J. and Williams, D.R. and Carnethon, M. R.}
}
@article {604254,
	title = {Prospective changes in healthy lifestyle among midlife women: When psychological symptoms get in the way},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {51},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {327-35},
	author = {Trudel-Fitzgerald, C. and Tworoger, S.S. and Poole, E.M. and Williams, D.R. and Kubzansky, L. D.}
}
@article {604249,
	title = {Understanding County-Level, Cause-Specific Mortality: The Great Value{\textemdash}and Limitations{\textemdash}of Small Area Data},
	journal = {JAMA},
	volume = {316},
	number = {22},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2363-2365},
	author = {Clark, C.R. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {604248,
	title = { Prevalence and risk factors. A multicentric study from three Latin-America Countries},
	journal = {Schizophrenia Research. },
	number = {178},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {23-28},
	author = {Caqueo-Urizar, A., and Fond, G. and Urzua, A. and Boyer, L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {604247,
	title = {Improving the Measurement of Self-Reported Racial Discrimination: Challenges and Opportunities},
	booktitle = {The Cost of Racism for People of Color: Contextualizing Experiences of Discrimination},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {55-83},
	publisher = {American Psychological Association},
	organization = {American Psychological Association},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Alvarez, A.N. and Christopher T. H. Liang and Neville, H.A.}
}
@article {604246,
	title = {Evaluating Strategies for Reducing Health Disparities by Addressing the Social Determinants of Health.},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {35},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1416-1423},
	author = {Thornton, R. and Glover, C. and Cene, C. and Gilk, D. and Henderson, J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {545126,
	title = {Needed Interventions to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health},
	journal = {Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law},
	volume = {41},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {627-651},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Purdie-Vaughns, V.}
}
@article {429731,
	title = {Association between Lifetime Potentially Traumatic Events and Chronic Physical Conditions in the South African Stress and Health Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study},
	journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
	volume = {16},
	number = {214},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Atwoli, L. and Platt, J. and Basu, A. and Williams, D.R. and Stein, D. and Koenen, K.}
}
@article {429766,
	title = {Association of Religious Service Attendance With Mortality Among Women},
	journal = {JAMA Internal Medicine},
	volume = {176},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {777-785},
	author = {Li, S. and Stampfer, M.J. and Williams, D.R. and VanderWeele, T.J.}
}
@article {429721,
	title = {Discrimination and sleep: a systematic review},
	journal = {Sleep Medicine},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {88-95},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Lewis, T.T. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {429751,
	title = {Local Spatial Clustering in Youths{\textquoteright} Use of Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana in Boston},
	journal = {The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse},
	volume = {42},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {412-21},
	author = {Duncan, D. T. and Rienti Jr., M. and Kulldorff, M. and Aldstadt, J. and Castro, M.C. and Frounfelker, R.L. and Williams, J.H. and Sorenson, G. and Johnson, R.M. and Hemenway, D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {429786,
	title = {Multiple Contexts and Adolescent Body Mass Index: School, Neighborhoods, and Social Networks},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {162},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {21-31},
	author = {Evans, C.R. and Onnela, J. and Williams, D.R. and Subramanian, S.V.}
}
@article {429796,
	title = {No Sweat: African American Adolescent Girl{\textquoteright}s Opinions of Hairstyle Choices and Physical Activity},
	journal = {BMC Obesity},
	volume = {3},
	number = {31},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Woolford, S. and Woolford-Hunt, C. and Sami, A. and Blake, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {429716,
	title = {Understanding and Effectively Addressing Breast Cancer in African American Women: Unpacking the Social Context},
	journal = {Cancer},
	volume = {122},
	number = {14},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2138-2149},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Mohammed, S.A. and Shields, A.E}
}
@article {388551,
	title = {Emotional and instrumental support during childhood and biological dysregulation in midlife},
	journal = {Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {90-96},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Chen, Y. and Priest, N. and Albert, M.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {388546,
	title = {Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the United States: Interactions with Family Immigration History and Income},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {50},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {47-56},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Shonkoff, J.P. and Albert, M.A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Stoltz, R. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {388561,
	title = {Religious involvement and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia in Latin-America},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {521-28},
	author = {Caqueo-Ur{\'\i}zar, A. and Urz{\'u}a, A. and Boyer, L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {388566,
	title = {Understanding Associations between Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Patterns and Prospects},
	journal = {Health Psychology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {407-11},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Priest, N. and Anderson, N.}
}
@article {388541,
	title = {Stand-Your-Ground is losing ground for racial minorities{\textquoteright} health},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {341-3},
	author = {Purdie-Vaughns, V. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@book {370406,
	title = {Forgiveness and health: Scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {New York: Springer},
	organization = {New York: Springer},
	editor = {Toussaint, L. L and Worthington, E. L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {370376,
	title = {Racismo e Sa{\'u}de: um corpus crescente de evid{\^e}ncia internacional (Racism and Health: A Growing Body of International Evidence)},
	journal = {Sociologias},
	volume = {17},
	number = {40},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {124-174},
	author = {Williams, D.R and Priest, N.}
}
@article {370391,
	title = {Refocusing Medical Education Reform: Beyond the How},
	journal = {Academic Medicine},
	volume = {90},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {136-8},
	author = {Salmon, M. and Williams, D.R. and Rhee, K.}
}
@article {351486,
	title = {Incarceration and current tobacco smoking in African American and Afro-Caribbean Blacks in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {105},
	number = {11},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {2275-82},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES:

We examined the relationship between having a history of incarceration and being a current smoker using a national sample of noninstitutionalized Black adults living in the United States.
METHODS:
With data from the National Survey of American Life collected between February 2001 and March 2003, we calculated individual propensity scores for having a history of incarceration. To examine the relationship between prior incarceration and current smoking status, we ran gender-specific propensity-matched fitted logistic regression models.
RESULTS:
A history of incarceration was consistently and independently associated with a higher risk of current tobacco smoking in men and women. Formerly incarcerated Black men had 1.77 times the risk of being a current tobacco smoker than did their counterparts without a history of incarceration (95\% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.61) in the propensity score-matched sample. The results were similar among Black women (prevalence ratio = 1.61; 95\% CI = 1.00, 2.57).
CONCLUSIONS:
Mass incarceration likely contributes to the prevalence of smoking among US Blacks. Future research should explore whether the exclusion of institutionalized populations in national statistics obscures Black-White disparities in tobacco smoking
},
	author = {Bailey, Z.D. and Okechukwu, C. A. and Kawachi, I. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {348991,
	title = {Association between witnessing traumatic events and psychopathology in the South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {8},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1235-42},
	author = {Atwoli, L. and Platt, J. and Williams, D.R. and Stein, D.J. and Koenen, K.C.}
}
@article {348946,
	title = {Black-White Differences in the Relationship between Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Mortality among US Men and Women},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {105},
	number = {S3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {S534-S543},
	author = {Jackson, C.L. and Hu, F.B. and Kawachi, I. and Williams, D.R. and Mukamal, K.J. and Rimm, E.B.}
}
@article {348951,
	title = {Impact of Long-term Obesity on the Health Status of Samoan and Tongan Men in the United States: Results from Pacific Islander Health Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {25},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {279-286},
	abstract = {
	Objective:\&nbsp;To examine the impacts of long-standing obesity (BMIs >= 30.0 kg/m2) on health outcomes among Samoan and Tongan men (aged >= 18 years) in California using a life course perspective.



	Design:\&nbsp;Cross-sectional analysis of 103 males from the Pacific Islander Health Study (PIHS), a probability sample modeled after the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).



	Setting:\&nbsp;Urban residential neighborhoods in San Mateo and Los Angeles counties using a multistage, cluster sample design.



	Main Outcome Measures:\&nbsp;BMI, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, smoking, drinking, arthritis, gout and migraines.



	Results:\&nbsp;Bivariate analysis shows high rates of poor health outcomes distributed throughout the obese and non-obese sam-ple. Logistic analysis finds that being obese does not significantly increase observed negative health outcomes. After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, the presence of obesity results in non-significant findings for hypertension (OR=1.02; CI: .21, 4.91), and high cholesterol (OR=.52; CI: .10, 2.73), while obesity significantly reduces the risk of diabetes by 60\% (OR=.40; CI: .14, 1.17). When applying disease counts, obese men have a signifi-cantly lower risk of reporting multiple health conditions (OR=.72; CI: .52, 1.00).



	Conclusion:\&nbsp;Overall, the health of Samoan and Tongan males in California is uniformly poor and obesity alone does not significant-ly increase risks of poor health outcomes. Using a life course perspective, the analysis offers new insights on the basic health of this understudied population.

},
	author = {Panapasa, S.V. and McNally, J.W. and Heeringa, S.G. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {348936,
	title = {Minority Men{\textquoteright}s Health: Preface},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {25},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {237-239},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {348986,
	title = {Multidimensional Religious Involvement and Tobacco Smoking Patterns over 9-10 years: A Prospective Study of Middle-aged Adults in the United States.},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {128-135},
	author = {Bailey, Z.D. and Slopen, N. and Albert, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {348941,
	title = {Racial Bias In Health Care and Health: Challenges and Opportunities},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association },
	volume = {314},
	number = {6},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {555-556},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Wyatt, R.}
}
@article {348971,
	title = {Religiousness and Suicide in a Nationally Representative Sample of Trinidad and Tobago Adolescents and Young Adults},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {50},
	number = {9},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1441-1450},
	author = {Toussaint, L. and Wilson, C.M. and Wilson, L.C. and Williams, D.R}
}
@inbook {348996,
	title = {Social and Behavioral Interventions to Improve Health and Reduce Disparities in Health},
	booktitle = {Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {51-64},
	publisher = {Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research},
	organization = {Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research},
	address = {Rockwell, MD},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Purdie-Vaughns, V.},
	editor = {Kaplan R.M. and Spittel, M.L. and David, D.H.}
}
@article {308876,
	title = {Can you party your way to better health? A Propensity Score Analysis of Block Parties and Health},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {201-209},
	author = {Dean, L.T. and Hillier, A. and Chau, H. and S V Subramanian and D.R. Williams and Kawachi, I}
}
@article {308856,
	title = {Childhood Punishment and Risk for Alcohol use Disorders: Data from South Africa},
	journal = {International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {103-114},
	author = {Sorsdahl, K. and Stein, D.J. and Williams, D. R., and Anthony, J., and B. Myers}
}
@article {308836,
	title = {Coping styles of adolescents experiencing multiple forms of discrimination and bullying: Evidence from a sample of ethnically diverse urban youth},
	journal = {Journal of School Health},
	volume = {85},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {109-117},
	author = {Garnett, B.R. and Masyn, K.E. and S.B. Austin and D.R. Williams and K. Viswanath}
}
@article {308866,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Cumulative experiences with life adversity: Identifying critical levels for targeting prevention efforts.{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Journal of Adolescence},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {63-71},
	author = {Mitchell, K. and Tynes, B. and Uma{\~n}a-Taylor, A. J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {308851,
	title = {Days out of role due to mental and physical illness in the South African stress and health study},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {461-468},
	author = {Mall, S. and Lund, C. and Vilagut, G. and Alonso, J. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {308871,
	title = {Editorial: {\textquotedblleft}Calling for a Bold New Vision of Health Disparities Intervention Research.{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {105},
	number = {S3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {374-376},
	author = {Cooper, L.A. and Ortega, A. N. and Ammerman, A.S. and Buchwald, D. and Powell, L. H., and Thompson, B. and Tucker, K.L. and Warnecke, R.B. and McCarthy. W. J. and Viswanath, K.V. and Calhoun, E.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {308821,
	title = {An exploration of how psychotic-like symptoms are experienced, endorsed, and understood from the National Latino and Asian American Study and National Survey of American Life},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {273-292},
	author = {Earl, T.R. and Fortuna, L.R. and Gao, S. and D.R. Williams and Neighbors, H.W. and Takeuchi, D. and Alegria, M.}
}
@article {308831,
	title = {Latino adolescents{\textquoteright} perceived discrimination in online and off-line settings: An examination of cultural risk and protective factors},
	journal = {Developmental Psychology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {87-100},
	author = {Uma{\~n}a-Taylor, A. J. and Tynes, B. and Toomey, R. B. and D.R. Williams and Mitchell, K.}
}
@article {308881,
	title = {Proactive Tobacco Cessation Outreach to Smokers of Low Socioeconomic Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial},
	journal = {JAMA Internal Medicine},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {218-226},
	author = {Haas, J. S. and Linder, JA and Park, E.R. and Gonzalez, I. and Rigotti, N A and Klinger, E.V. and E.Z. Kontos and Zaslavsky, A.M. and Brawarsky, P. and Marinacci, L.X. and St Hubert, S. and Fleegler, E. W. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {308886,
	title = {Promoting equality for ethnic minority NHS staff{\textemdash}what works?},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	volume = {2015},
	number = {351},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {h3297},
	author = {Priest, N. and Esmail, A. and Kline, R. and Rao, M. and Coghill, Y. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {308796,
	title = {Proportion of Patients without Mental Disorders Being Treated in Mental Health Services Worldwide},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {206},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {101-109},
	author = {Bruffaerts, R. and Posada-Villa, J. and A. Al-Hamzawi and Gureje, O. and Huang and Hu, C, Bromet, E., and Viana, M.C. and H.R. Hinkov and Karam, E.}
}
@article {308826,
	title = {"Refocusing Medical Education Reform: Beyond the How."},
	journal = {Academic Medicine},
	volume = {90},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {136-138},
	author = {Salmon, M. and D.R. Williams and Rhee, K.}
}
@inbook {308816,
	title = {Stress, Health, and Disparities},
	booktitle = {Neurobiology of Brain Disorders},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {765-779},
	publisher = {San Diego: Academic Press},
	organization = {San Diego: Academic Press},
	author = {Bailey, Z.D. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Zigmond, M.J. and Rowland, L.P. and Coyle, J. T.}
}
@article {304536,
	title = {       The association between substance use and common mental disorders in young adults: results from the South African Stress and Health (SASH) Survey },
	journal = {Pan African Medical Journal},
	volume = {17(Supp 1):11},
	year = {2014},
	url = {http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/pmc/articles/PMC3946226/pdf/PAMJ-17-11.pdf},
	author = {Saban, A., and Flisher, A.J., and Morojele, N., and Grimsrud, A., and London, L., and Williams, D. R., and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {304546,
	title = {Response to Letter regarding Examination of How Neighborhood Definition Influences Measurements of Youths{\textquoteright} Access to Tobacco Retailers: A Methodological Note on Spatial Misclassification},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {179},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {660-662},
	author = {Duncan, D. T. and Kawachi, I. and Subramanian, S.V. and Aldstadt, J. and Melly, S.J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {231216,
	title = {Racial and non-racial discrimination and smoking status among South African adults 10 years after apartheid.},
	journal = {Tob Control},
	volume = {23},
	number = {e2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Nov},
	pages = {e114-21},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite a long history of discrimination and persisting racial disparities in smoking prevalence, little research exists on the relationship between discrimination and smoking in South Africa. METHODS: This analysis examined chronic (day-to-day) and acute (lifetime) experiences of racial and non-racial (eg, age, gender or physical appearance) discrimination and smoking status among respondents to the South Africa Stress and Health study. Logistic regression models were constructed using SAS-Callable SUDAAN. RESULTS: Both chronic racial discrimination (RR=1.45, 95\% CI 1.14 to 1.85) and chronic non-racial discrimination (RR=1.69, 95\% CI 1.37 to 2.08) predicted a higher risk of smoking, but neither type of acute discrimination did. Total (sum of racial and non-racial) chronic discrimination (RR=1.46, 95\% CI 1.20 to 1.78) and total acute discrimination (RR=1.28, 95\% CI 1.01 to 1.60) predicted a higher risk of current smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Racial and non-racial discrimination may be related to South African adults{\textquoteright} smoking behaviour, but this relationship likely varies by the timing and frequency of these experiences. Future research should use longitudinal data to identify the temporal ordering of the relationships studied, include areas outside of South Africa to increase generalisability and consider the implications of these findings for smoking cessation approaches in South Africa.},
	issn = {1468-3318},
	doi = {10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051478},
	author = {Dutra, Lauren M and Williams, David R and Kawachi, Ichiro and Okechukwu, Cassandra A}
}
@article {222696,
	title = {Refocusing Medical Education Reform: Beyond the How.},
	journal = {Acad Med},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Aug 19},
	abstract = {Integration of the basic and clinical sciences has been at the heart of medical education reform efforts for nearly a century. Neither the rate nor magnitude of actual progress suggests that reform is anywhere near completion, which presents a challenge to educators to seek ways to overcome significant obstacles to change. Robin Hopkins and colleagues, authors of the Perspective in this issue of Academic Medicine that has prompted this invited Commentary, are among those proposing interesting and useful answers to why integration has not been better achieved. This Commentary affirms the importance of finding better ways to accomplish curricular reform, while contending that real curricular reform must move well beyond the integration of basic and clinical sciences. Drawing from the 2014 report of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation{\textquoteright}s Commission to Build a Healthier America, the authors cite evidence of significant disparities and growing health challenges facing Americans today. They discuss three key recommendations from the report: attending to early childhood experiences, providing healthy choices within communities, and, particularly, rethinking the education of health professionals. Next, the authors detail the implications of these recommendations for medical education, stressing both the urgency and importance of moving to adopt these as directions for real reform that will address today{\textquoteright}s health care challenges.},
	issn = {1938-808X},
	doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000000466},
	author = {Salmon, Marla and David Williams and Rhee, Kyu}
}
@article {222701,
	title = {Socioeconomic status, race, and mortality: a prospective cohort study.},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {104},
	number = {12},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec},
	pages = {e98-e107},
	abstract = {Objectives. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of race, individual socioeconomic status (SES), and neighborhood SES on mortality risk. Methods. We conducted a prospective analysis involving 52 965 non-Hispanic Black and 23 592 non-Hispanic White adults taking part in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine associations of race and SES with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results. In our cohort, wherein Blacks and Whites had similar individual SES, Blacks were less likely than Whites to die during the follow-up period (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78; 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73, 0.84). Low household income was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality among both Blacks and Whites (HR = 1.76; 95\% CI = 1.45, 2.12). Being in the lowest (vs highest) category with respect to both individual and neighborhood SES was associated with a nearly 3-fold increase in all-cause mortality risk (HR = 2.76; 95\% CI = 1.99, 3.84). There was no significant mortality-related interaction between individual SES and neighborhood SES among either Blacks or Whites. Conclusions. SES is a strong predictor of premature mortality, and the independent associations of individual SES and neighborhood SES with mortality risk are similar for Blacks and Whites.},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2014.302156},
	author = {Signorello, Lisa B and Cohen, Sarah S and Williams, David R and Munro, Heather M and Hargreaves, Margaret K and Blot, William J}
}
@article {210671,
	title = {Examining Neighborhood Environment and Central Obesity in the YES Health Study},
	journal = {J Soc Issues},
	volume = {70},
	number = {10},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {241-255},
	author = {Rooks, RN and Xu, Y. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {210686,
	title = {Associations of Allostatic Load with Sleep Apnea, Insomnia, Short Sleep Duration and Other Sleep Disturbances: Finding from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008},
	journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {612-619},
	author = {Chen, X and Redline, S. and Shields, A.E and D.R. Williams and Williams, M.A.}
}
@article {207706,
	title = {Childhood adversity, adult neighborhood context, and cumulative biological risk for chronic diseases in adulthood.},
	journal = {Psychosom Med},
	volume = {76},
	number = {7},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Sep},
	pages = {481-9},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between childhood adversity and cumulative biological risk for a variety of chronic diseases in adulthood, and whether this association varied by neighborhood affluence. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (2001-2003), a cross-sectional probability sample that included interviews and blood collection (n = 550 adults). A childhood adversity score was calculated from eight items. Neighborhood affluence was defined using Census data. An index to reflect cumulative biological risk was constructed as a count of eight biomarkers above clinically established thresholds, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, C-reactive protein, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Generalized linear models with a Poisson link function were used to estimate incident rate ratios (IRRs). RESULTS: A 1-standard-deviation increase in the childhood adversity score was associated with a 9\% increase in cumulative biological risk, after adjustment for demographic and behavioral characteristics (IRR = 1.09, 95\% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.17). This association was modified by neighborhood affluence (IRR = 0.92, 95\% CI = 0.86, 0.99). Stratified models indicated that childhood adversity was associated with elevated cumulative biological risk only among individuals who resided in low-affluence (bottom tertile) neighborhoods (IRR = 1.16, 95\% CI = 1.05, 1.28); there was no association in high-affluence (top tertile) neighborhoods (IRR = 0.97, 95\% CI = 0.83, 1.14). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversity is associated with elevated cumulative biological risk in adulthood, and neighborhood affluence may buffer this association. Results demonstrate the importance of neighborhood characteristics for associations between childhood adversity and disease risk, even after accounting for adult socioeconomic status.},
	issn = {1534-7796},
	doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000081},
	author = {Slopen, Natalie and Non, Amy and Williams, David R and Roberts, Andrea L and Albert, Michelle A}
}
@article {207701,
	title = {Demographic disparities in the tobacco retail environment in Boston: a citywide spatial analysis.},
	journal = {Public Health Rep},
	volume = {129},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Mar-Apr},
	pages = {209-15},
	keywords = {Boston, Commerce, Geographic Information Systems, Humans, Marketing, Poverty Areas, Social Class, Spatial Analysis, Students, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Use Disorder, Universities},
	issn = {1468-2877},
	author = {Duncan, Dustin T and Kawachi, Ichiro and Melly, Steven J and Blossom, Jeffrey and Sorensen, Glorian and Williams, David R}
}
@article {207696,
	title = {Association between parental psychopathology and suicidal behavior among adult offspring: results from the cross-sectional South African Stress and Health survey.},
	journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {65},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated a link between parental psychopathology and offspring suicidal behavior. However, it remains unclear what aspects of suicidal behavior among adult offspring are predicted by specific parental mental disorders, especially in Africa. This study set out to investigate the association between parental psychopathology and suicidal behavior among their adult offspring in a South African general population sample. METHOD: Parental psychopathology and suicidal behavior in offspring were assessed using structured interviews among 4,315 respondents from across South Africa. The WHO CIDI was used to collect data on suicidal behavior, while the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria Interview was used to assess prior parental psychopathology. Bivariate and multivariate survival models tested the associations between the type and number parental mental disorders (including suicide) and lifetime suicidal behavior in the offspring. Associations between a range of parental disorders and the onset of subsequent suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts) among adult offspring were tested. RESULTS: The presence of parental psychopathology significantly increased the odds of suicidal behavior among their adult offspring. More specifically, parental panic disorder was associated with offspring suicidal ideation, while parental panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and suicide were significantly associated with offspring suicide attempts. Among those with suicidal ideation, none of the tested forms of parental psychopathology was associated with having suicide plans or attempts. There was a dose-response relationship between the number of parental disorders and odds of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Parental psychopathology increases the odds of suicidal behavior among their adult offspring in the South African context, replicating results found in other regions. Specific parental disorders predicted the onset and persistence of suicidal ideation or attempts in their offspring. Further research into these associations is recommended in order to determine the mechanisms through which parent psychopathology increases the odds of suicidal behavior among offspring.},
	issn = {1471-244X},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-14-65},
	author = {Atwoli, Lukoye and Nock, Matthew K. and Williams, David R and Dan J. Stein}
}
@article {194471,
	title = {The intersectionality of discrimination attributes and bullying among youth: an applied latent class analysis.},
	journal = {J Youth Adolesc},
	volume = {43},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Aug},
	pages = {1225-39},
	abstract = {Discrimination is commonly experienced among adolescents. However, little is known about the intersection of multiple attributes of discrimination and bullying. We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to illustrate the intersections of discrimination attributes and bullying, and to assess the associations of LCA membership to depressive symptoms, deliberate self harm and suicidal ideation among a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents. The data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey where students were asked whether they had experienced discrimination based on four attributes: race/ethnicity, immigration status, perceived sexual orientation and weight. They were also asked whether they had been bullied or assaulted for these attributes. A total of 965 (78\%) students contributed to the LCA analytic sample (45\% Non-Hispanic Black, 29\% Hispanic, 58\% Female). The LCA revealed that a 4-class solution had adequate relative and absolute fit. The 4-classes were characterized as: low discrimination (51\%); racial discrimination (33\%); sexual orientation discrimination (7\%); racial and weight discrimination with high bullying (intersectional class) (7\%). In multivariate models, compared to the low discrimination class, individuals in the sexual orientation discrimination class and the intersectional class had higher odds of engaging in deliberate self-harm. Students in the intersectional class also had higher odds of suicidal ideation. All three discrimination latent classes had significantly higher depressive symptoms compared to the low discrimination class. Multiple attributes of discrimination and bullying co-occur among adolescents. Research should consider the co-occurrence of bullying and discrimination.},
	issn = {1573-6601},
	doi = {10.1007/s10964-013-0073-8},
	author = {Garnett, Bernice Raveche and Katherine E Masyn and Austin, S Bryn and Miller, Matthew and Williams, David R and Viswanath, Kasisomayajula}
}
@article {194466,
	title = {THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VIGILANT COPING STYLE, RACE, AND DEPRESSION.},
	journal = {J Soc Issues},
	volume = {70},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jun 1},
	pages = {241-255},
	abstract = {Although Black-white differences in depression are well documented, vigilant coping style as an explanation for the observed inequalities in depression is less understood. Using data from 718 adults in the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities (EHDIC) Study, we estimated logistic regression models to examine the cross sectional relationship between race, vigilant coping style, and depression. After controlling for demographic variables, white adults were more likely to report depression than Black adults. Moreover, when accounting for coping style, the Black-white difference in depression widened. This association persisted even with the addition of the covariates. While high rates of depression among whites compared with Blacks are well documented, the degree of the differences appears to be greater than previously reported once vigilance is accounted for. This finding suggests that if it were not for the high prevalence of vigilant coping in blacks, the well-documented black advantage regarding depression compared to whites would likely be even greater.},
	issn = {0022-4537},
	doi = {10.1111/josi.12058},
	author = {LaVeist, Thomas A and Thorpe, Roland J and Pierre, Geraldine and Mance, GiShawn A and Williams, David R}
}
@article {174141,
	title = {Examination of How Neighborhood Definition Influences Measurements of Youths{\textquoteright} Access to Tobacco Retailers: A Methodological Note on Spatial Misclassification},
	journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
	volume = {179},
	number = {3},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Mar 1},
	pages = {373-381},
	keywords = {Commerce, Epidemiologic Research Design, Humans, Residence Characteristics, Spatial Analysis, Tobacco Products},
	issn = {1476-6256},
	author = {Duncan, D. T. and Kawachi, Ichiro and S V Subramanian and Aldstadt, Jared and Melly, SJ and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {174126,
	title = {Discrimination, other psychosocial stressors, and self-reported sleep duration and difficulties.},
	journal = {Sleep},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan},
	pages = {147-56},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To advance understanding of the relationship between discrimination and sleep duration and difficulties, with consideration of multiple dimensions of discrimination, and attention to concurrent stressors; and to examine the contribution of discrimination and other stressors to racial/ ethnic differences in these outcomes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional probability sample. SETTING: Chicago, IL. PARTICIPANTS: There were 2,983 black, Hispanic, and white adults. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcomes included self-reported sleep duration and difficulties. Discrimination, including racial and nonracial everyday and major experiences of discrimination, workplace harassment and incivilities, and other stressors were assessed via questionnaire. In models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, greater exposure to racial (β = -0.14)) and nonracial (β = -0.08) everyday discrimination, major experiences of discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity (β = -0.17), and workplace harassment and incivilities (β = -0.14) were associated with shorter sleep (P \&lt; 0.05). The association between major experiences of discrimination attributed to race/ethnicity and sleep duration (β = -0.09, P \&lt; 0.05) was independent of concurrent stressors (i.e., acute events, childhood adversity, and financial, community, employment, and relationship stressors). Racial (β = 0.04) and non-racial (β = 0.05) everyday discrimination and racial (β = 0.04) and nonracial (β = 0.04) major experiences of discrimination, and workplace harassment and incivilities (β = 0.04) were also associated with more (log) sleep difficulties, and associations between racial and nonracial everyday discrimination and sleep difficulties remained after adjustment for other stressors (P \&lt; 0.05). Racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration and difficulties were not significant after adjustment for discrimination (P \&gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination was associated with shorter sleep and more sleep difficulties, independent of socioeconomic status and other stressors, and may account for some of the racial/ethnic differences in sleep.},
	issn = {1550-9109},
	doi = {10.5665/sleep.3326},
	author = {Slopen, Natalie and Williams, David R}
}
@article {174146,
	title = {Human rights violations and smoking status among South African adults enrolled in the South Africa Stress and Health (SASH) study.},
	journal = {Soc Sci Med},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Mar},
	pages = {103-11},
	abstract = {Despite South Africa{\textquoteright}s history of violent political conflict, and the link between stressful experiences and smoking in the literature, no public health study has examined South Africans{\textquoteright} experiences of human rights violations and smoking. Using data from participants in the nationally representative cross-sectional South Africa Stress and Health study (SASH), this analysis examined the association between respondent smoking status and both human rights violations experienced by the respondent and violations experienced by the respondents{\textquoteright} close friends and family members. SAS-Callable SUDAAN was used to construct separate log-binomial models by political affiliation during apartheid (government or liberation supporters). In comparison to those who reported no violations, in adjusted analyses, government supporters who reported violations of themselves but not others (RR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1.76, 95\% CI: 1.25-2.46) had a significantly higher smoking prevalence. In comparison to liberation supporters who reported no violations, those who reported violations of self only (RR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1.56, 95\%CI: 1.07-2.29), close others only (RR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1.97, 95\%CI: 1.12-3.47), or violations of self and close others due to close others{\textquoteright} political beliefs and the respondent{\textquoteright}s political beliefs (RR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;2.86, 95\%CI: 1.70-4.82) had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking. The results of this analysis suggest that a relationship may exist between human rights violations and smoking among South Africa adults. Future research should use longitudinal data to assess causality, test the generalizability of these findings, and consider how to apply these findings to smoking cessation interventions.},
	issn = {1873-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.018},
	author = {Dutra, Lauren M and Williams, David R and Gupta, Jhumka and Kawachi, Ichiro and Okechukwu, Cassandra A}
}
@article {174116,
	title = {Impact of Arizona{\textquoteright}s SB 1070 immigration law on utilization of health care and public assistance among Mexican-origin adolescent mothers and their mother figures.},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {104 Suppl 1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Feb},
	pages = {S28-34},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We examined the impact of Arizona{\textquoteright}s "Supporting Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act" (SB 1070, enacted July 29, 2010) on the utilization of preventive health care and public assistance among Mexican-origin families. METHODS: Data came from 142 adolescent mothers and 137 mother figures who participated in a quasi-experimental, ongoing longitudinal study of the health and development of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers and their infants (4 waves; March 2007-December 2011). We used general estimating equations to determine whether utilization of preventive health care and public assistance differed before versus after SB 1070{\textquoteright}s enactment. RESULTS: Adolescents reported declines in use of public assistance and were less likely to take their baby to the doctor; compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents were less likely to use preventive health care after SB 1070. Mother figures were less likely to use public assistance after SB 1070 if they were born in the United States and if their post-SB 1070 interview was closer to the law{\textquoteright}s enactment. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that immigration policies such as SB 1070 may contribute to decreases in use of preventive health care and public assistance among high-risk populations.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Arizona, Child, Preschool, Emigration and Immigration, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, Mexican Americans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Preventive Health Services, Public Assistance},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2013.301655},
	author = {Toomey, Russell B and Uma{\~n}a-Taylor, Adriana J and Williams, David R and Harvey-Mendoza, Elizabeth and Jahromi, Laudan B and Updegraff, Kimberly A}
}
@article {174121,
	title = {Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence: reconsidering the role of chronic stress.},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {104},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan},
	pages = {117-23},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between anticipatory stress, also known as racism-related vigilance, and hypertension prevalence in Black, Hispanic, and White adults. METHODS: We used data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study, a population-representative sample of adults (n = 3105) surveyed in 2001 to 2003, to regress hypertension prevalence on the interaction between race/ethnicity and vigilance in logit models. RESULTS: Blacks reported the highest vigilance levels. For Blacks, each unit increase in vigilance (range = 0-12) was associated with a 4\% increase in the odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.09). Hispanics showed a similar but nonsignificant association (OR = 1.05; 95\% CI = 0.99, 1.12), and Whites showed no association (OR = 0.95; 95\% CI = 0.87, 1.03). CONCLUSIONS: Vigilance may represent an important and unique source of chronic stress that contributes to the well-documented higher prevalence of hypertension among Blacks than Whites; it is a possible contributor to hypertension among Hispanics but not Whites.},
	keywords = {Adult, African Americans, Chicago, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Hypertension, Interviews as Topic, Male, Prevalence, Stress, Psychological},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2013.301395},
	author = {Hicken, Margaret T and Lee, Hedwig and Jeffrey Morenoff and House, James S. and Williams, David R}
}
@article {174131,
	title = {Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease.},
	journal = {Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan 1},
	pages = {365},
	abstract = {Researchers have long speculated that exposure to discrimination may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but compared to other psychosocial risk factors, large-scale epidemiologic and community based studies examining associations between reports of discrimination and CVD risk have only emerged fairly recently. This review summarizes findings from studies of self-reported experiences of discrimination and CVD risk published between 2011-2013. We document the innovative advances in recent work, the notable heterogeneity in these studies, and the considerable need for additional work with objective clinical endpoints other than blood pressure. Implications for the study of racial disparities in CVD and clinical practice are also discussed.},
	issn = {1932-9520},
	doi = {10.1007/s12170-013-0365-2},
	author = {Lewis, Ten{\'e} T and Williams, David R and Tamene, Mahader and Clark, Cheryl R}
}
@article {174151,
	title = {The role of social capital in African-American women{\textquoteright}s use of mammography.},
	journal = {Soc Sci Med},
	volume = {104},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Mar},
	pages = {148-56},
	abstract = {Black/African-American women are more likely to get breast cancer at a young age and/or be diagnosed at a late disease stage, pointing to a greater need to promote mammography for Black women at earlier ages than are currently recommended. This study explores how perceived neighborhood social capital, that is, perceptions of how tight-knit a neighborhood is and what power that confers to neighborhood members, relates to use of mammography for Black women in Philadelphia. Living in a community with tight social ties (social cohesion) or that have a collective motivation for community change (collective efficacy) may increase the likelihood that an individual woman in that community will hear health messages from other community members and neighbors (diffusion of information) and will have access to health-related resources that allow them to engage in healthy behaviors. No prior studies have explored the role of social capital in decisions for mammography use. Using multilevel logistic regression, we analyzed self-report of mammography in the past year for 2586, Black women over age 40 across 381 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA census tracts. Our study included individual demographic and aggregates of individual-level social capital data from the Public Health Management Corporation{\textquoteright}s 2004, 2006, and 2008 Community Health Database waves, and 2000 US Census sociodemographic characteristics. Individual perceptions that a Black woman{\textquoteright}s neighborhood had high social capital, specifically collective efficacy, had a positive and statistically significant association with mammography use (OR\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;1.40, CI: 1.05, 1.85). Our findings suggest that an individual woman{\textquoteright}s perception of greater neighborhood social capital may be related to increased mammography use. Although this analysis could not determine the direction of causality, it suggests that social capital may play a role in cancer preventive screening for African-American women in Philadelphia, which warrants further study.},
	issn = {1873-5347},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.057},
	author = {Dean, Lorraine and S V Subramanian and Williams, David R and Armstrong, Katrina and Charles, Camille Zubrinsky and Kawachi, Ichiro}
}
@article {110051,
	title = {Racism and Health II: A Needed Research Agenda for Effective Interventions},
	journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
	volume = {57},
	number = {8},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1200{\textendash}1226},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Mohammed, S.A.}
}
@article {174086,
	title = {Race differences in age-trends of autonomic nervous system functioning.},
	journal = {J Aging Health},
	volume = {25},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Aug},
	pages = {839-62},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to consider race differences in age-trends of autonomic nervous system functioning, using a national data set with a broad age range. METHODS: Measures of baseline heart rate variability (HRV) and HRV reactivity were derived from electrocardiograph (ECG) recordings taken at rest and during cognitive stress tasks. Age-trends in HRV and HRV reactivity were compared among 204 African Americans and 833 Whites ages 34 to 83 years (M = 53.7, SD = 11.4), before and after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: For HRV-reactivity, age-trends were steeper among African Americans and lower SES participants than Whites and higher SES participants. For baseline HRV, age-trends varied by SES but not race. DISCUSSION: Results relating to HRV-reactivity (but not baseline HRV) were consistent with hypotheses suggesting that African Americans are exposed to higher levels of stress and experience accelerated declines in health across the life span. The relevance of the findings to research on social stress and health disparities is discussed.},
	keywords = {Adult, African Americans, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Autonomic Nervous System, Electrocardiography, European Continental Ancestry Group, Health Status Disparities, Heart Rate, Humans, Middle Aged, Social Class, Stress, Psychological, United States},
	issn = {1552-6887},
	doi = {10.1177/0898264313491427},
	author = {Fuller-Rowell, Thomas E and Williams, David R and Love, Gayle D and McKinley, Paula S and Sloan, Richard P and Carol D. Ryff}
}
@article {174096,
	title = {Mental illness and lost income among adult South Africans.},
	journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol},
	volume = {48},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 May},
	pages = {845-51},
	issn = {1433-9285},
	doi = {10.1007/s00127-012-0587-5},
	author = {Lund, Crick and Myer, Landon and Dan J. Stein and Williams, David R and Flisher, Alan J}
}
@article {174106,
	title = {Association of Race Consciousness With the Patient-Physician Relationship, Medication Adherence, and Blood Pressure in Urban Primary Care Patients.},
	journal = {Am J Hypertens},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Jul 17},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Race consciousness (the frequency with which one thinks about his or her own race) is a measure that may be useful in assessing whether racial discrimination negatively impacts blood pressure (BP). However, the relation between race consciousness and BP has yet to be empirically tested, especially within the context of the patient-physician relationship and medication adherence. METHODS: Race-stratified generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship of race consciousness on BP, measures of the patient-physician relationship, and self-reported medication adherence, controlling for patients being nested within physicians and for patient age and sex. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61.3 years, 62\% were black, and 65\% were women. Black patients were more likely to ever think about race than were white patients (49\% vs. 21\%; P \&lt; 0.001). Race-conscious blacks had significantly higher diastolic BP (79.4 vs. 74.5mm Hg; P = 0.004) and somewhat higher systolic BP (138.8 vs. 134.7mm Hg; P = 0.13) than blacks who were not race conscious. Race-conscious whites were more likely to perceive respect from their physician (57.1\% vs. 25.8\%; P = 0.01) but had lower medication adherence (62.4\% vs. 82.9\%; P = 0.05) than whites who were not race-conscious. CONCLUSIONS: Among blacks, race consciousness was associated with higher diastolic BP. In contrast, among whites, there was no association between race consciousness and BP, but race consciousness was associated with poor ratings of adherence, despite more favorable ratings of the patient-physician relationship. Future work should explore disparities in race consciousness and its impact on health and health-care disparities.},
	issn = {1941-7225},
	doi = {10.1093/ajh/hpt116},
	author = {Brewer, Laprincess C and Carson, Kathryn A and Williams, David R and Allen, Allyssa and Jones, Camara P and Cooper, Lisa A}
}
@article {174091,
	title = {Contextualizing nativity status, Latino social ties, and ethnic enclaves: an examination of the {\textquoteright}immigrant social ties hypothesis{\textquoteright}.},
	journal = {Ethn Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {6},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013},
	pages = {586-609},
	issn = {1465-3419},
	doi = {10.1080/13557858.2013.814763},
	author = {Viruell-Fuentes, Edna A and Jeffrey D. Morenoff and Williams, David R and House, James S.}
}
@article {174066,
	title = {Correlates of cortisol in human hair: implications for epidemiologic studies on health effects of chronic stress.},
	journal = {Ann Epidemiol},
	volume = {23},
	number = {12},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Dec},
	pages = {797-811.e2},
	keywords = {Biological Markers, Chronic Disease, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Hair, Health Status, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Mental Disorders, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Stress, Psychological},
	issn = {1873-2585},
	doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.006},
	author = {Wosu, Adaeze C and Valdimarsd{\'o}ttir, Unnur and Alexandra E Shields and Williams, David R and Michelle A. Williams}
}
@article {174101,
	title = {Cumulative Psychological Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Focused Review with Consideration of Black-White Disparities},
	journal = {Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports},
	volume = {7},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {318-325},
	author = {Albert, M. and Slopen, N. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {174111,
	title = {Examination of how neighborhood definition influences measurements of youths{\textquoteright} access to tobacco retailers: a methodological note on spatial misclassification.},
	journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
	volume = {179},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2014 Feb 1},
	pages = {373-81},
	abstract = {Measurements of neighborhood exposures likely vary depending on the definition of "neighborhood" selected. This study examined the extent to which neighborhood definition influences findings regarding spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers among youth. We defined spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers (i.e., tobacco retail density, closest tobacco retailer, and average distance to the closest 5 tobacco retailers) on the basis of circular and network buffers of 400 m and 800 m, census block groups, and census tracts by using residential addresses from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset (n = 1,292). Friedman tests (to compare overall differences in neighborhood definitions) were applied. There were differences in measurements of youths{\textquoteright} access to tobacco retailers according to the selected neighborhood definitions, and these were marked for the 2 spatial proximity measures (both P \&lt; 0.01 for all differences). For example, the median average distance to the closest 5 tobacco retailers was 381.50 m when using specific home addresses, 414.00 m when using census block groups, and 482.50 m when using census tracts, illustrating how neighborhood definition influences the measurement of spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers. These analyses suggest that, whenever possible, egocentric neighborhood definitions should be used. The use of larger administrative neighborhood definitions can bias exposure estimates for proximity measures.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Boston, Commerce, Epidemiologic Research Design, Geographic Information Systems, Health Surveys, Humans, Residence Characteristics, Spatial Analysis, Tobacco Products},
	issn = {1476-6256},
	doi = {10.1093/aje/kwt251},
	author = {Duncan, Dustin T and Kawachi, Ichiro and S V Subramanian and Aldstadt, Jared and Melly, Steven J and Williams, David R}
}
@article {174061,
	title = {Mental health service use from a religious or spiritual advisor among Asian Americans.},
	journal = {Asian J Psychiatr},
	volume = {6},
	number = {6},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Dec},
	pages = {599-605},
	issn = {1876-2026},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2013.03.009},
	author = {John, Dolly A and Williams, David R}
}
@article {174046,
	title = {Racial discrimination \&amp; cardiovascular disease risk: My Body My Story study of 1005 US-born black and white community health center participants (US)},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {8},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {e77174},
	author = {Krieger, N and Waterman, P. D and A. Kosheleva and J.T. Chen and Smith, K.S. and Carney, D. R and Bennett, G. and D.R. Williams and G. Thornhill and E. Freeman}
}
@article {174056,
	title = {Social resistance framework for understanding high-risk behavior among nondominant minorities: preliminary evidence.},
	journal = {Am J Public Health},
	volume = {103},
	number = {12},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Dec},
	pages = {2245-51},
	keywords = {Adult, African Americans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Poisson Distribution, Questionnaires, Risk-Taking, United States, Young Adult},
	issn = {1541-0048},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2013.301212},
	author = {Factor, Roni and Williams, David R and Kawachi, Ichiro}
}
@article {168296,
	title = {Psychosocial Stress and Cigarette Smoking Persistence, Cessation, and Relapse Over 9-10 Years: A Prospective Study of Middle-aged Adults in the United States},
	journal = {Cancer Causes Control},
	volume = {24},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1849-1863},
	author = {Slopen, N. and E.Z. Kontos and Ryff, C.D. and J.Z. Ayanian and Albert, M.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {168301,
	title = {Racial discrimination \&amp; cardiovascular disease risk: My Body My Story study of 1005 US-born black and white community health center participants (US)},
	journal = {PLos ONE},
	volume = {8},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {e77174},
	author = {Krieger, N and Waterman, P. D and A. Kosheleva and J.T. Chen and Smith, K.S. and Carney, D. R and Bennett, G. and D.R. Williams and G. Thornhill and E. Freeman}
}
@article {110111,
	title = {Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa: analysis from the South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {182-193},
	author = {Atwoli, L. and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and McLaughlin, K.A. and Petukhova, M. and Ronald C Kessler, R. C. and Koenen, K.C.}
}
@article {110106,
	title = {Evaluation of the UNREST Questionnaire for Testing the Social Resistance Framework},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health},
	volume = {67},
	number = {7},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {618-624},
	author = {R. Factor and Kawachi, I and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {110091,
	title = {The Geography of Recreational Open Space: Influence of Neighborhood Racial Composition and Neighborhood Poverty},
	journal = {Journal of Urban Health},
	volume = {90},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {618-631},
	author = {Duncan, D. and Kawachi, I and K. White and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {110076,
	title = {Racial discrimination, racial/ethnic segregation and health behaviors in the CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {227-243},
	author = {Borrell, L.N. and Kiefe, C.I. and Diez-Roux, A.V. and D.R. Williams and Gordon-Larsen, P.}
}
@article {110116,
	title = {A Social Resistance Perspective for Delinquent Behavior among Non-Dominant Minority Groups},
	journal = {The British Journal of Criminology},
	volume = {53},
	number = {5},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {784-804},
	author = {R. Factor and Mahalel, D. and Rafaeli, A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@inbook {110056,
	title = {Pathways to Promote Racial Healing and Equity in the American South: Opportunities for Community Philanthropy},
	booktitle = {Pathways to Racial Healing and Equity in the American South: A Community Philanthropy Strategy},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {48-59},
	publisher = {The University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service},
	organization = {The University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service},
	address = {Little Rock, AR},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Kelly, Paula J.}
}
@article {89296,
	title = {Stigma and Racial/Ethnic HIV Disparities: Moving Toward Resilience},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {225-236},
	author = {Earnshaw, V. A. and Bogart, L.M. and Dovidio, J.F. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {89291,
	title = {Every Shut Eye, Ain{\textquoteright}t Sleep{\textquotedblright}: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance in Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Difficulty},
	journal = {Race and Social Problems},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {100-112},
	author = {Hicken, M.T. and H. Lee and Ailshire, J. and Burgard, S.A. and Williams D.R}
}
@article {89286,
	title = {Relation between Optimism and Lipids in Midlife.},
	journal = {American Journal of Cardiology },
	volume = {111},
	number = {10},
	year = {2013},
	author = {Boehm, J. K. and D.R. Williams and Rimm, E. B. and C. Ryff and Kubzansky, L. D.}
}
@article {89281,
	title = {Association between Optimism and Serum Antioxidants in the Midlife in the United States Study},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine },
	year = {2013},
	author = {Boehm, J. K. and D.R. Williams and Rimm, E. B. and C. Ryff and Kubzansky, L. D.}
}
@article {126961,
	title = {Community-Based Participatory Research Approach to Evidence-Based Research: Lessons From the Pacific Islander American Health Study.},
	journal = {Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research Education, and Action},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {53-58},
	author = {Panapasa, S. and Jackson, J. and Caldwell, C. and Heeringa, S. and McNally, J. and D.R. Williams and Coral, D. and Taumoepeau, L. and L Young and Young, S. and Fa{\textquoteright}asisila, S.}
}
@article {89276,
	title = {Common Patterns of Violence Experiences and Depression and Anxiety among Adolescents},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {47},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1591-1605},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Fitzmaurice, G. and D.R. Williams and Gilman, S.}
}
@article {89271,
	title = {Psychosocial Stressors and Cigarette Smoking Among African American Adults in Mid-life.},
	journal = {Nicotine \& Tobacco Research },
	volume = {14},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1161-1169},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Dutra, L., and D.R. Williams and M. Mujahid and Lewis, T.T. and G.G. Bennett and C. Ryff and Albert, M.A.}
}
@article {89266,
	title = {Measuring Discrimination in South Korea: Underestimating the Prevalence of Discriminatory Experiences among Female and Less Educated Workers?"},
	journal = {PLoS ONE },
	year = {2012},
	author = {S.S. Kim and Chung, Y. and S V Subramanian and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {89256,
	title = {Depressive Symptom Clusters and 5-Year Incidence of Coronary Artery Calcification: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study},
	journal = {Circulation},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Stewart, J. C. and Zielke, D. J. and Hawkins, M. A. W., and D.R. Williams and Carnethon, M. R. and Knox, S. S. and Matthews, K.A.}
}
@article {89251,
	title = {Mass Media Exposure, Social Stratification and Tobacco Consumption Among Nigerian Adults.},
	journal = {Cancer Causes Control},
	year = {2012},
	author = {A. Tafawa and K. Viswanath and Kawachi, I and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {89246,
	title = {Mental Illness and Lost Income among Adult South Africans},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Lund, C. and Myer, L. and Stein, D. and Williams, D. and Flisher, A.}
}
@article {89236,
	title = {Job Strain, Job Insecurity, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Women{\textquoteright}s Health Study: Results from a 10-Year Prospective Study},
	journal = {PLoS ONE,},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Glynn, R. J. and Buring, J. E. and Lewis, T.T. and D.R. Williams and Albert, M.A.}
}
@article {89231,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination and Hypertension among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Sims, M. and Diez-Roux, A.V. and Dudley, A., and Gebreab, S., . and Wyatt, S. B., and Bruce, M. A., and James, S. A., and Robinson, J. C. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {89226,
	title = {Prospective Associations Between Religiousness/Spirituality and Depression and Mediating Effects of Forgiveness in a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Adults.},
	journal = {Depression Research and Treatment},
	volume = {2012},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Marschall, J. C. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {89221,
	title = {Space, Race, and Poverty: Spatial Inequalities in Walkable Neighborhood Amenities?},
	journal = {Demographic Research. },
	volume = {26},
	number = {17},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {409-448},
	author = {Duncan, D. T.  Aldstadt, J.  Whalen, J., and White, K., Castro, M. C. and Williams, D. R}
}
@article {88991,
	title = {The Social Context of Cardiovascular Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for the Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease },
	volume = {22},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {15-21},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Leavell, J.}
}
@journal {88996,
	title = {Space, Race, and Poverty: Spatial Inequalities in Walkable Neighborhood Amenities?},
	journal = {Demographic Research},
	volume = {26},
	number = {17},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {409 - 448 },
	author = {Duncan, D. T. and Aldstadt, J. and Whalen, J. and K. White and Castro, MC and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {45361,
	title = {Miles to go before we Sleep: Racial Inequities in Health},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {53},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {279-295},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {33238,
	title = {Subjective Social Status and Psychosocial and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {Social Science Medicine},
	volume = {74},
	number = {8},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1146-54},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Subjective\%20Social\%20Status\%20and\%20Psychosocial\%20and\%20Metabolic\%20Risk\%20Factors\%20for\%20Cardiovascular\%20Disease\%20among\%20African\%20Americans\%20in\%20the\%20Jackson\%20Heart\%20Study},
	author = {M.A. Subramanyam and Diez-Roux, A.V. and D.A. Hickson and D.F. Sapong and Sims, M. and H.A. Taylor Jr. and D.R. Williams and Wyatt, S.B.}
}
@article {33237,
	title = {Elucidating the Role of Place in Health Care Disparities: The Example of Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation},
	journal = {Health Services Research},
	volume = {47},
	number = {3 Pt 2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1278-99},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Elucidating\%20the\%20Role\%20of\%20Place\%20in\%20Health\%20Care\%20Disparities\%3A\%20The\%20Example\%20of\%20Racial\%2FEthnic\%20Residential\%20Segregation},
	author = {K. White and Haas, J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33235,
	title = {Very Low Food Security Predicts Obesity Predominantly in California Hispanic Men and Women},
	journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1-9},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Very\%20Low\%20Food\%20Security\%20Predicts\%20Obesity\%20Predominantly\%20in\%20California\%20Hispanic\%20Men\%20and\%20Women},
	author = {C.W. Leung and D.R. Williams and E. Villamor}
}
@article {33234,
	title = {Recall of Early Non-Fatal Suicidality in a Nationally Representative Sample of South Africans},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {149-59},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Recall\%20of\%20Early\%20Non-Fatal\%20Suicidality\%20in\%20a\%20Nationally\%20Representative\%20Sample\%20of\%20South\%20Africans},
	author = {Van Pletzen.E. and Stein, D. and Seedat, S. and Williams.D.R. and Myer, L.}
}
@article {33230,
	title = {Religious Practices, Beliefs, and Mental Health: Variations across Race and Ethnicity},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {171-85},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Religious\%20Practices\%2C\%20Beliefs\%2C\%20and\%20Mental\%20Health\%3A\%20Variations\%20across\%20Race\%20and\%20Ethnicity},
	author = {M.J. Sterthal and D.R. Williams and Musick, M.A. and Buck, A.C.}
}
@article {33229,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in the U.S. and South Africa},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {111-33},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22339224},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Haile, R. and Mohammed, S.A. and Herman, A. and Sonnega, J. and Jackson, J.S. and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {33227,
	title = {Parent Psychopathology and Offspring Mental Disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {200},
	number = {4},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {290-9},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403085},
	author = {McLaughlin, K.A. and A.M. Gadermann and Hwang, I. and Sampson, N. A. and A. Al-Hamzawi and L.H. Andrade and Angermeyer, M.C. and Benjet, C. and Bromet, E.J. and Bruffaerts, R. and J.M. Caldas-de-Almeida and de Girolamo, G. and de Graaf, R. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. and H.R. Hinkov and Horiguchi, I. and Hu, C. and Karam, A.N. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Lee, S. and S.D. Murphy and S.H. Nizamie and Posada-Villa, J. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {33224,
	title = {Mortality Rates among Arab Americans in Michigan},
	journal = {Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {236-41},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21318619},
	author = {Dallo, F.J and K. Schwartz and J. Ruterbusch and J. Booza and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33222,
	title = {Men{\textquoteright}s Exposure to Human Rights Violations and Relationships with Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in South Africa.},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health},
	volume = {66},
	number = {6},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {e2},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Men\%E2\%80\%99s\%20Exposure\%20to\%20Human\%20Rights\%20Violations\%20and\%20Relationships\%20with\%20Perpetration\%20of\%20Intimate\%20Partner\%20Violence\%20in\%20South\%20Africa.},
	author = {Gupta, J. and J.T.D. Kelly and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33217,
	title = {Research on Discrimination and Health: An Exploratory Study of Unresolved Conceptual and Measurement Issues},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {102},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {975-8},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Research\%20on\%20Discrimination\%20and\%20Health\%3A\%20An\%20Exploratory\%20Study\%20of\%20Unresolved\%20Conceptual\%20and\%20Measurement\%20Issues},
	author = {D.R. Williams and D. John and Oyserman, D. and Sonnega, J. and Mohammed, S.A. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {33215,
	title = {Mass Media Exposure, Social Stratification and Tobacco Consumption Among Nigerian Adults},
	journal = {Cancer Causes Control},
	volume = {23},
	number = {Suppl 1},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {45-55},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mass\%20Media\%20Exposure\%2C\%20Social\%20Stratification\%20and\%20Tobacco\%20Consumption\%20Among\%20Nigerian\%20Adults},
	author = {A. Tafawa and K. Viswanath and Kawachi, I and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33232,
	title = {Integrating Multiple Social Statuses in Health Disparities Research: The Case of Lung Cancer},
	journal = {Health Services Research},
	volume = {47},
	number = {3 Pt 2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1255-77},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Integrating\%20Multiple\%20Social\%20Statuses\%20in\%20Health\%20Disparities\%20Research\%3A\%20The\%20Case\%20of\%20Lung\%20Cancer},
	author = {D.R. Williams and E.Z. Kontos and K. Viswanath and Haas, J. S. and C.S. Lathan and L.E. MacConaill and Chen, J. and J.Z. Ayanian}
}
@article {33201,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination and Self-Rated Health in South Korea: A Nationally Representative Survey},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {e30501},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Perceived\%20Discrimination\%20and\%20Self-Rated\%20Health\%20in\%20South\%20Korea\%3A\%20A\%20Nationally\%20Representative\%20Survey},
	author = {S.S. Kim and D.R. Williams}
}
@inbook {33200,
	title = {Scientific Research on the Study of Religion/Spirituality and Mental Health: Lessons, Positive Affirmations, and Disquieting Questions},
	booktitle = {A Christian Worldview \& Mental Health},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {185-208},
	publisher = {Andrews University Press},
	organization = {Andrews University Press},
	address = {Berrien Springs},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {33199,
	title = {Understanding High-Risk Behavior among Non-Dominant Minorities: A Social Resistance Framework},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {73},
	number = {9},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1292-301},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Understanding\%20High-Risk\%20Behavior\%20among\%20Non-Dominant\%20Minorities\%3A\%20A\%20Social\%20Resistance\%20Framework},
	author = {R. Factor and Kawachi, I and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33198,
	title = {The Psychometric Properties of the K10 and K6 Scales in Screening for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the South African Stress and Health Study.},
	journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {215-23},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=The\%20Psychometric\%20Properties\%20of\%20the\%20K10\%20and\%20K6\%20Scales\%20in\%20Screening\%20for\%20Mood\%20and\%20Anxiety\%20Disorders\%20in\%20the\%20South\%20African\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study.},
	author = {L.S. Andersen and Grimsrud, A. and Myer, L. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {33197,
	title = {Exposing Racial Discrimination: Implicit \& Explicit Measures-The My Body, My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black \& White Community Health Center Members},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {6},
	number = {11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {e27636},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Exposing\%20Racial\%20Discrimination\%3A\%20Implicit\%20\%26\%20Explicit\%20Measures-The\%20My\%20Body\%2C\%20My\%20Story\%20Study\%20of\%201005\%20US-Born\%20Black\%20\%26\%20White\%20Community\%20Health\%20Center\%20Members},
	author = {Krieger, N and Waterman, P. D and A. Kosheleva and J.T. Chen and Carney, D. R and K.W. Smith and G.G. Bennett and D.R. Williams and E. Freeman and B. Russell and G. Thornhill and K. Mokolowsky and R. Rofkin and L. Samuel}
}
@article {33196,
	title = {Associations Between Traumatic Events and Suicidal Behavior in South Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},
	volume = {199},
	number = {12},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {928-33},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22134450},
	author = {Sorsdahl, K. and Stein, D. and D.R. Williams and Nock, M.}
}
@article {33195,
	title = {Discrimination and Mental Health among Black and White Adults in the YES Health study},
	journal = {Race and Social Problems},
	volume = {3},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {182-96},
	author = {R. Rooks and Xu, Y. and B. Holliman and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {33194,
	title = {The Prevalence and Correlates of Hallucinations in a General Population Sample: Findings from the South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {African Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {211-7},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=The\%20Prevalence\%20and\%20Correlates\%20of\%20Hallucinations\%20in\%20a\%20General\%20Population\%20Sample\%3A\%20Findings\%20from\%20the\%20South\%20African\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study},
	author = {H. Temmingh and Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33193,
	title = {Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders.},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
	volume = {49},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {444-52},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Poverty\%2C\%20Food\%20Insecurity\%2C\%20and\%20the\%20Behavior\%20for\%20Childhood\%20Internalizing\%20and\%20Externalizing\%20Disorders.},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Fitzmaurice, G. and D.R. Williams and Gilman, SE}
}
@article {33192,
	title = {The Effects of Obama{\textquoteright}s Political Success on the Self-rated Health of Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {21},
	number = {3},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {349-55},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=The\%20Effects\%20of\%20Obama\%E2\%80\%99s\%20Political\%20Success\%20on\%20the\%20Self-rated\%20Health\%20of\%20Blacks\%2C\%20Hispanics\%2C\%20and\%20Whites},
	author = {Malat, J. and J.M. Timberlake and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33191,
	title = {Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode},
	journal = {BMC Medicine},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {90},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21791035},
	author = {Bromet, E. and L.H. Andrade and Hwang, I. and Sampson, N. A. and Alonso, J. and de Girolamo, G. and de Graaf, R. and Demyttenaere, K. and Hu, C. and N. Iwata and Karam, A.N. and J. Kaur and S. Kostyuchenko and J.P. L{\'e}pine and D. Levinson and H. Matschinger and M.E. Mora and Browne, M.O. and J. Posado-Villa and Viana, M.C. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {33190,
	title = {Gender Differences in Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Among South African Adults},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {26},
	number = {14},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2764-89},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21156693},
	author = {J.D. Gass and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {33189,
	title = {Sex, Stressful Life Events, and Adult Onset Depression and Alcohol Dependence: Are Men and Women Equally Vulnerable},
	journal = {Social Science Medicine},
	volume = {73},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {615-22},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sex\%2C\%20Stressful\%20Life\%20Events\%2C\%20and\%20Adult\%20Onset\%20Depression\%20and\%20Alcohol\%20Dependence\%3A\%20Are\%20Men\%20and\%20Women\%20Equally\%20Vulnerable},
	author = {Slopen, N. and D.R. Williams and G.M. Fitzmaurice and Gilman, SE}
}
@article {33188,
	title = {Emotional Distress About Weight Gain and Attitude to Goal Achievement Failure as Predictors of Self-Regulatory Efficacy: Does Ethnicity Make a Difference},
	journal = {Journal of Health Psychology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {895-904},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Emotional\%20Distress\%20About\%20Weight\%20Gain\%20and\%20Attitude\%20to\%20Goal\%20Achievement\%20Failure\%20as\%20Predictors\%20of\%20Self-Regulatory\%20Efficacy\%3A\%20Does\%20Ethnicity\%20Make\%20a\%20Difference},
	author = {D.J. Moore and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {33187,
	title = {Barriers to Mental Health Care and Predictors of  Treatment Dropout in the South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Psychiatric Services},
	volume = {62},
	number = {7},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {774-81},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Barriers\%20to\%20Mental\%20Health\%20Care\%20and\%20Predictors\%20of\%20\%20Treatment\%20Dropout\%20in\%20the\%20South\%20African\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study},
	author = {B. Bruwer and Sorsdahl, K. and J. Harrison and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {33186,
	title = {Invited commentary: Discrimination: an emerging target for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease?},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {173},
	number = {11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1240-1243},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Invited\%20commentary\%3A\%20Discrimination\%3A\%20an\%20emerging\%20target\%20for\%20reducing\%20risk\%20of\%20cardiovascular\%20disease\%3F},
	author = {Albert, M.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33185,
	title = {Prevalence and Correlates of Atypical Patterns of Drug Use Progression: Findings from the South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {African Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {38-44},
	url = {Prevalence and Correlates of Atypical Patterns of Drug Use Progression: Findings from the South African Stress and Health Study},
	author = {B. Myers and van Heerden, M.S. and Grimsrud, A. and Myer, L. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {33184,
	title = {Lifetime Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behaviour in South Africa},
	journal = {African Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {134-139},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687912},
	author = {L. Khasakhala and K.R. Sorsdahl and V.S. Harder and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and D.M. Ndetai}
}
@article {33183,
	title = {Reconceptualizing the Measurement of Multiracial Status for Health Research in the United States},
	journal = {Du Bois Review},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {25-36},
	author = {M. Woo and S.B. Austin and D.R. Williams and G.G. Bennett}
}
@article {33182,
	title = {Past Insights, Future Promises: Race and Health in the Twenty-First Century},
	journal = {Du Bois Review},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1-3},
	author = {Takeuchi, D.T. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33181,
	title = {The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age},
	journal = {Annual Review of Public Health},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {381-98},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091195},
	author = {Braveman, P. and Egerter, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33180,
	title = {Racial Disparities in Health: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?},
	journal = {Du Bois Review},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {95-113},
	author = {Sternthal, M. and Slopen, N. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33179,
	title = {Measuring Everyday Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in Health Surveys},
	journal = {Du Bois Review},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {159-177},
	author = {Shariff-Marco, S. and Breen, N. and Landrine, H. and Reeve, B.B. and Krieger, N and Gee, G.C. and D.R. Williams and Mays, V.M. and Ponce, N.A. and Alegria, M.}
}
@article {33175,
	title = {Neighborhood Stressors and Race/Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)},
	journal = {American Journal of Hypertension},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {187-93},
	url = {Neighborhood Stressors and Race/Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)},
	author = {Mujahid, M.S. and A.V. Diez Roux and R.C. Cooper and S. Shea and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33174,
	title = {Healthy Homes and Communities: Putting the Pieces Together},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {40},
	number = {Suppl 1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {S48-57},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Healthy\%20Homes\%20and\%20Communities\%3A\%20Putting\%20the\%20Pieces\%20Together},
	author = {W.D. Miller and C.E. Pollack and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33173,
	title = {Strong Medicine for a Healthier America: Introduction},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {40},
	number = {Suppl 1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {S1-3},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Strong\%20Medicine\%20for\%20a\%20Healthier\%20America\%3A\%20Introduction},
	author = {Lavizzo-Mourey, R. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33172,
	title = {Community Development Efforts Offer a Major Opportunity to Advance Americans{\textquoteright} Health},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {30},
	number = {11},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2052-5},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Community\%20Development\%20Efforts\%20Offer\%20a\%20Major\%20Opportunity\%20to\%20Advance\%20Americans\%E2\%80\%99\%20Health},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Marks, J.}
}
@article {23155,
	title = {Comparing cognitive interviewing and psychometric methods to evaluate a racial/ethnic discrimination scale},
	journal = {Field Methods},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {397-419},
	author = {Reeve, B.B. and Willis, G. and Shariff-Marco, S.N. and Breen, N. and D.R. Williams and Gee, G.C. and Alegria, M. and Takeuchi, D.T. and Kudela, M.S. and Levin, K.Y.}
}
@article {23152,
	title = {Household food insufficiency and mental health in South Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health},
	volume = {65},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	note = {2010 epub
},
	pages = {426-31},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Household\%20food\%20insufficiency\%20and\%20mental\%20health\%20in\%20South\%20Africa},
	author = {Sorsdahl, K. and Slopen, N. and Siefert, K. and Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23145,
	title = {Language of Interview, Self-Rated Health, and the Other Latino Health Puzzle},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {101},
	number = {7},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {1306-1313},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Language\%20of\%20Interview\%2C\%20Self-Rated\%20Health\%2C\%20and\%20the\%20Other\%20Latino\%20Health\%20Puzzle},
	author = {Viruell-Fuentes, E.A. and Morenoff, J.D. and D.R. Williams and House, J.S.}
}
@inbook {33171,
	title = {Race and Mental Health: Patterns and Challenges},
	booktitle = {A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {268-290},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Marks, J. and J.P. Leavell},
	editor = {T.L. Scheid and Brown, T.N.}
}
@article {33170,
	title = {The Development and Validation of the Online Victimization Scale for Adolescents},
	journal = {Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1-15},
	url = {http://www.cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2010112901},
	author = {B.M. Tynes and C.A. Rose and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {33169,
	title = {Childhood Adversities as Risk Factors for Onset and Persistence of Suicidal Behaviour},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {5},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {e10574},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Childhood\%20Adversities\%20as\%20Risk\%20Factors\%20for\%20Onset\%20and\%20Persistence\%20of\%20Suicidal\%20Behaviour},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Chiu, W. T. and Hwang, I. and Kessler, R. C. and Sampson, N. and Alonso, J. and Borges, G. and Bromet, E. and Bruffaerts, R. and de Girolamo, G. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Y. He and Kovess-Masfety, V. and D. Levinson and H. Matschinger and Z. Mneimneh and Y. Nakamura and Ormel, J. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and K.M. Scott and T. Tomov and Viana, M.C. and D.R. Williams and Nock, M. K}
}
@article {33168,
	title = {Adversities in childhood and adult psychopathology in the South Africa Stress and Health Study: Associations with first-onset DSM-IV disorders},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1847-54},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Adversities\%20in\%20childhood\%20and\%20adult\%20psychopathology\%20in\%20the\%20South\%20Africa\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study\%3A\%20Associations\%20with\%20first-onset\%20DSM-IV\%20disorders},
	author = {Slopen, N. and D.R. Williams and Seedat, S. and Moomal, H. and Herman, A. and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {33167,
	title = {Twelve Month Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychiatry},
	volume = {71},
	number = {12},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1617-28},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000886/?tool=pmcentrez},
	author = {Borges, G. and Nock, M. K and Kessler, R. C. and J.M.H. Abad and Hwang, I. and Sampson, N. and Alonso, J. and Andrade, L. and Angermeyer, M. and M. Beautrais and Bromet, E. and Bruffaerts, R. and de Girolamo, G. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Hu, C. and Karam, E.G. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Lee, S. and D. Levinson and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Ormel, J. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and T. Tomov and H. Uda and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {33166,
	title = {Race and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Science Behavior},
	volume = {51},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {458-77},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Race\%20and\%20Psychological\%20Distress\%3A\%20The\%20South\%20African\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study},
	author = {Jackson, P.B. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and Herman, A. and Williams, S.L. and D.L. Redmond}
}
@article {33165,
	title = {Race and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Science Behavior},
	volume = {51},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {458-77},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Race\%20and\%20Psychological\%20Distress\%3A\%20The\%20South\%20African\%20Stress\%20and\%20Health\%20Study},
	author = {Jackson, P.B. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and Herman, A. and Williams, S.L. and D.L. Redmond}
}
@inbook {33164,
	title = {Race, Ethnicity, and Health in a Global Context},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Behavioral Medicine: Methods and Applications},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {321-339},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {New York},
	author = {S.D. Boykin and Williams, D.R. and A. Steptoe}
}
@inbook {33163,
	title = {Improving the Health of Young Men and Boys of Color},
	booktitle = {Changing Places:  How Communities Will Improve the Health of Boys of Color},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {311-57},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Williams, D.R. and C. Edley Jr. and J. Ruiz de Velasco}
}
@article {33162,
	title = {Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among South African women},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {100},
	number = {9},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {582-585},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Intimate\%20partner\%20violence\%2C\%20health\%20behaviours\%2C\%20and\%20chronic\%20physical\%20illness\%20among\%20South\%20African\%20women},
	author = {J.D. Gass and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {33161,
	title = {Subtyping Social Anxiety Disorder in Developed and Developing Countries},
	journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {390-403},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851829/?tool=pmcentrez},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Ruscio, A. M. and Lee, S. and Petukhova, M. and Alonso, J. and L.H.S.G. Andrade and Benjet, C. and Bromet, E. and Demyttenaere, K. and Florescu, S. and de Girolamo, G. and R. de Grafaf and Gureje, O. and Y. He and H. Hinkov and Hu, C. and N. Iwata and Karam, E.G. and Lepine, J. and H. Matschinger and M.E. Oakley Browne and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {23154,
	title = {Beyond the Affordable Care Act: Achieving Real Improvements in America{\textquoteright}s Health},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {29},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1481-8},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Beyond\%20the\%20Affordable\%20Care\%20Act\%3A\%20Achieving\%20Real\%20Improvements\%20in\%20America\%E2\%80\%99s\%20Health},
	author = {D.R. Williams and McClellan, M. and Rivlin, A.M.}
}
@article {23153,
	title = {Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {197},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {378-85},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21037215},
	author = {Kessler, K.C. and McLaughlin, K.A. and Greif-Green, J. and Gruber, M.J. and Sampson, N. A. and Zaslavsky, A.M. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, A. and Obaid-Alhamzawi, A. and Alonso, J. and Angermeyer, M. and Benjet, C. and Bromet, E. and Chatterji, S. and de Girolamo, G. and Kemyttenaere, K. and Fayyad, J. and Florescu, S. and Gal, G. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. and Hu, C. and Karam, E.G. and Kawakami, N. and Lee, S. and Lepine, J.P. and Ormel, J. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and Tsang, A. and Ustun, T.B. and Vassilev, S. and Viana, M.C. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23151,
	title = {The associations of serious mental illness with earnings in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {197},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {114-21},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=The\%20associations\%20of\%20serious\%20mental\%20illness\%20with\%20earnings\%20in\%20the\%20WHO\%20World\%20Mental\%20Health\%20Surveys},
	author = {D. Levinson and Lakoma, M. and Petukhova, M. and Schoenbaum, M. and Zaslavsky, A.M. and Angermeyer, M. and Borges, G. and Bruffaerts, R. and de Girolamo, G. and de Graaf, R. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. and Hu, C.Y. and Karam, A.N. and Kawakami, N. and Lee, S. and Lepine, J-P. and Oakley Browne, M. and Okoliyski, M. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and Viana, M.C. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {23150,
	title = {Understanding Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contribution},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {51},
	number = {Suppl},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {S15-27},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/pubmed?term=Neighborhood\%20Stressors\%20and\%20Race\%2FEthnic\%20Differences\%20in\%20Hypertension\%20Prevalence\%20\%28The\%20Multi-Ethnic\%20Study\%20of\%20Atherosclerosis\%29.\%E2\%80\%9D},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Sternthal, M.}
}
@article {23149,
	title = {Early Life Adversity and Inflammation in African Americans and Whites in the Midlife in the United States Survey},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {72},
	number = {7},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {694-701},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Early\%20Life\%20Adversity\%20and\%20Inflammation\%20in\%20African\%20Americans\%20and\%20Whites\%20in\%20the\%20Midlife\%20in\%20the\%20United\%20States\%20Survey},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Lewis, T.T. and Gruenewald, T.L. and Mujahid, M.S. and Ryff, C.D. and Albert, M.A. and Wiliams, D.R.}
}
@article {23148,
	title = {Childhood Adversities as Risk Factors for Onset and Persistence of Suicidal Behaviour},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {197},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {20-7},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Childhood\%20Adversities\%20as\%20Risk\%20Factors\%20for\%20Onset\%20and\%20Persistence\%20of\%20Suicidal\%20Behaviour},
	author = {Bruffaerts, E. and Demyttenaere, K. and Borges, G. and Haro, J.M. and Chiu, W. T. and Hwang, I. and Karam, E.G. and Kessler, R. C. and Sampson, N. and Alonso, J. and Andrade, L. and Angermeyer, M. and Benjet, C. and Bromet, E. and de Girolamo, G. and de Graaf, R. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Horiguchi, I. and Hu, C. and Kovess, V. and D. Levinson and Posada-Villa, J. and Sagar, R. and Scott, K. and Tsang, A. and Vassilev, S.M. and D.R. Williams and Nock, M. K}
}
@article {23147,
	title = {Predictors of Transitions across Stages of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in South Africa},
	journal = {Journal on Studies of Alcohol and Drugs},
	volume = {71},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {695-703},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Predictors\%20of\%20Transitions\%20across\%20Stages\%20of\%20Alcohol\%20Use\%20and\%20Alcohol\%20Use\%20Disorders\%20in\%20South\%20Africa},
	author = {Suliman, S. and Seedat, S. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {23146,
	title = {Mortality Patterns of Native Hawaiians Across Their Lifespan: 1990-2000},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {100},
	number = {11},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {2304-10},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mortality\%20Patterns\%20of\%20Native\%20Hawaiians\%20Across\%20Their\%20Lifespan\%3A\%201990-2000},
	author = {Panapasa, S.V. and Mau, M.K. and D.R. Williams and McNally, J.W.}
}
@article {23144,
	title = {Poverty, Food Insecurity and the Risk for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
	volume = {49},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {444-52},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Poverty\%2C\%20Food\%20Insecurity\%20and\%20the\%20Risk\%20for\%20Childhood\%20Internalizing\%20and\%20Externalizing\%20Disorders},
	author = {Slopen, N. and Fitzmaurice, G. and D.R. Williams and Gilman, S.}
}
@article {23143,
	title = {Depression, Anxiety, and Religious Life: A Search for Mediators},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {51},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {343-59},
	author = {Sternthal, M.J. and Williams, D.R. and Musick, M.A. and Campbell, A.}
}
@article {23142,
	title = {Association of Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Kidney Disease among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {American Journal of Kidney Diseases},
	volume = {55},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1001-8},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Association\%20of\%20Socioeconomic\%20Status\%20and\%20Chronic\%20Kidney\%20Disease\%20among\%20African\%20Americans\%3A\%20The\%20Jackson\%20Heart\%20Study},
	author = {Bruce, M.A. and Beech, B.M. and Crook, E.D. and Sims, M. and Wyatt, S.B. and Flessner, M.F. and Taylor, H.A. and D.R. Williams and Akylbekova, E.L. and Ikizler, T.A.}
}
@article {23141,
	title = {Perceived discrimination and stigma towards children affected by HIV/AIDS and their HIV-positive caregivers in central Haiti},
	journal = {AIDS Care},
	volume = {22},
	number = {7},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {803-15},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Perceived\%20discrimination\%20and\%20stigma\%20towards\%20children\%20affected\%20by\%20HIV\%2FAIDS\%20and\%20their\%20HIV-positive\%20caregivers\%20in\%20central\%20Haiti},
	author = {Surkan, P.J. and Mukerjee, J.S. and D.R. Williams and Eustache, E. and Louis, E. and Jean-Paul, T. and Lambert. W. and Scanlan, F.C. and Oswald, C.M. and Smith Fawzi, M.C.}
}
@article {23136,
	title = {Oral Health Disparities: Self-Rated Oral Health and Its Psychosocial Correlates in the National Survey of American Life},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	year = {2010},
	author = {Finlayson, T.L. and D.R. Williams and Siefert, K. and Jackson, J.S. and Nowjack-Raymer, R.}
}
@article {23135,
	title = {Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	year = {2010},
	author = {Braveman, P. and Cublin, C. and Egerter, S. and Williams, D.R. and Pamuk, E.}
}
@article {23134,
	title = {Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {17-26},
	author = {Betancourt, TS and Agnew-Blais, J. and Gilman, SE and D.R. Williams and Ellis, BH}
}
@article {23133,
	title = {Disability and Treatment of Psychiatric and Physical Disorders in South Africa},
	journal = {The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},
	volume = {198},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {8-15},
	author = {Suliman, S. and Stein, D.J. and Myer, L. and D.R. Williams and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {23132,
	title = {Depression Care in the United States: Too little for too few},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	volume = {67},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {37-46},
	author = {Gonzalez, H. and Vega, W. and D.R. Williams and Neighbors, H. and Tarraf, W. and West, B.}
}
@article {23131,
	title = {Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Complexities, Ongoing Challenges and Research Opportunities},
	journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {1186},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {69-101},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Mohammed, S.A. and Leavell, J. and Collins, C.}
}
@article {23129,
	title = {Toward Health Equity {\textendash} The Costs of U.S. Health Disparities},
	journal = {Altarum Institute Research Report 2009},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {39-49},
	author = {Hart, J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23128,
	title = {A Mixed-Methods Approach to Developing a Self-Reported Racial Ethnic Discrimination Measure for Use in Multiethnic Health Surveys},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {19},
	number = {Autumn},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {447-453},
	author = {Shariff-Marco, S. and Gee, G.C. and Breen, N. and Willis, G. and Reeve, B.B. and Grant, D. and Ponce, N.A. and Krieger, N and Landrine, H. and D.R. Williams and Alegria, M. and Mays, V.M. and Johnson, T.P. and Brown, E.R.}
}
@article {23127,
	title = {Cross-national analysis of the associations among mental disorders and suicidal behavior: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {PLoS Med},
	volume = {6},
	number = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {e1000123},
	author = {Nock, M. K. and Hwang, I. and Sampson, N. and Kessle,r R.C. and Angermeyer, M. and Beautrais, A. and Borges, G. and Bromet, E. and Bruffaerts R. and de Girolamo G. and de Graaf R. and Florescu S. and Gureje O. and Haro J.M. and Hu C and Huang Y. and Karam E.G. and Kawakami N. and Kovess V. and Levinson D. and Posada-Villa J. and Sagar R. and Tomov T. and Viana M.C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23126,
	title = {Proximate industrial activity and psychological distress},
	journal = {Population and Environment},
	volume = {30},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3-25},
	author = {Boardman, J. D. and Downey, L. and Jackson, J.S. and Merrill, J.B. and Saint Onge, J.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23125,
	title = {Social Environmental Stressors, Psychosocial Factors, and Kidney Disease},
	journal = {Journal of Investigative Medicine},
	volume = {57},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {583-9},
	author = {Bruce, M.A. and Beech, B.M. and Sims, M. and Brown, T.N. and Wyatt, S.B. and Taylor, H.A. and Williams, D.R. and Crook, E.}
}
@inbook {23124,
	title = {Defining, Investigating and Addressing Cancer Inequities: Critical Issues},
	booktitle = {Toward the Elimination of Cancer Disparities},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3-29},
	publisher = {Springer Publishing},
	organization = {Springer Publishing},
	address = {New York, NY},
	author = {Krieger, N and Emmons, K.M. and D.R. Williams},
	editor = {Howard K. Koh}
}
@article {23123,
	title = {Chronic discrimination predicts higher circulating levels of E-selectin in a national sample: the MIDUS study},
	journal = {Brain Behavior and Immunity},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {684-692},
	author = {Friedman, E.M. and D.R. Williams and Singer, B.H. and Ryff, C.D.}
}
@article {23122,
	title = {Traditional Healers in the Treatment of Common Mental Disorders in South Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},
	volume = {197},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {434-41},
	author = {Sorsdahl, K. and Stein, D. and Grimsrud, A. and Seedat, S. and Flisher, A. and D.R. Williams and Myer L.}
}
@article {23121,
	title = {Creating a segregated medical profession: African American physicians and organized medicine, 1846-1910},
	journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association},
	volume = {101},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {501-12},
	author = {Baker, R.B. and Washington, H.A. and Olakanmi, O. and Savitt, T.L. and Jacobs, E.A. and Hoover, E. and Wynia, M.K. and Writing Group on the History of African Americans and the Medical Profession and Blanchard, J. and Boulware, LE and Braddock, C. and Corbie-Smith, G. and Crawley, L. and LaVeist, T.A. and Maxey, R. and Mills, D. and Moseley, K.L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23120,
	title = {Segregation, civil rights, and health disparities: the legacy of African American physicians and organized medicine, 1910-1968},
	journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association},
	volume = {101},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {513-27},
	author = {Washington, H.A. and Baker, R.B. and Olakanmi, O. and Savitt, T.L. and Jacobs, E.A. and Hoover, E. and Wynia, M.K. and Writing Group on the History of African Americans and the Medical Profession and Blanchard, J. and Boulware, LE and Braddock, C. and Corbie-Smith, G. and Crawley, L. and LaVeist, T.A. and Maxey, R. and Mills, D. and Moseley, K.L. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23119,
	title = {Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	volume = {66},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {785-789},
	author = {Seedat, S. and Scott, K,M. and Angermeyer, M.C. and Berglund, P. and Bromet, E.J. and Brugha, T.S. and Demyttenaere, K. and de Girolamo, G. and Haro, J.M. and Jin, R. and Karam, E.G. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and D. Levinson and Mora, M.E.M. and Ono, Y. and Ormel, J. and Pennell, B.E. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sampson, N. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {23118,
	title = {Mental disorders and failure of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {194},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {411-417},
	author = {Lee, S. and Tsang, A. and Breslau, J. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Angermeyer, M. and Borges, G. and Bromet, E. and Bruffaerts, R. and de Girolamo, G. and Fayyad, J. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. and Kawakami, N. and D. Levinson and Browne, M.O. and Ormel, J. and Posada-Villa, J. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R.}
}
@article {23117,
	title = {The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population Based Multiracial/Ethnic Adult Sample},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {99},
	number = {7},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1285-1292},
	author = {Hunte, H. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23116,
	title = {DSM-IV-defined common mental disorders: Association with HIV testing, HIV-related fears, perceived risk and preventive behaviours among South African adults},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {396-402},
	author = {Myer, L. and Stein, D.J. and Grimsrud, A.T. and Herman, A. and Seedat, S. and Moomal, H. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23115,
	title = {Perpetration of gross human rights violations in South Africa: Association with psychiatric disorders},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {390-395},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Williams, S.L. and Jackson, P.B. and Seedat, S. and Myer, L. and Herman, A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23114,
	title = {Perceived discrimination and mental health disorders: The South African Stress and Health study},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {383-389},
	author = {Moomal, H. and Jackson, P.B. and Stein, D.J. and Herman, A. and Myer, L. and Seedat, S. and Madela-Mntla, E. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23113,
	title = {Life stress and mental disorders in the South African Stress and Health study},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {375-382},
	author = {Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and Jackson, P.B. and Heeringa, S.G. and D.R. Williams and Myer, L.}
}
@article {23112,
	title = {The epidemiology of major depression in South Africa: Results from the South African Stress and Health study},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {368-373},
	author = {M. Tomlinson and Grimsrud, A.T. and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Myer, L.}
}
@article {23111,
	title = {Patterns of substance use in South Africa: Results from the South African Stress and Health study},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {358-366},
	author = {van Heerden, M.S. and Grimsrud, A.T. and Seedat, S. and Myer, L. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {23110,
	title = {Impact of common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence on secondary school completion},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {354-356},
	author = {Myer, L. and Stein, D.J. and Jackson, P.B. and Herman, A.A. and Seedat, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23109,
	title = {Mental health service use among South Africans for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {346-352},
	author = {Seedat, S. and D.R. Williams and Herman, A.A. and Moomal, H. and Williams, S.L. and Jackson, P.B. and Myer, L. and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {23108,
	title = {The South African Stress and Health Study (SASH)},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {339-344},
	author = {Herman, A.A. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. and Heeringa, S. and Moomal, H.}
}
@article {23107,
	title = {The South African Stress and Health (SASH) study: A scientific base for mental health policy},
	journal = {South African Medical Journal},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {337-344},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {23106,
	title = {Development and psychometric testing of a multidimensional instrument of perceived discrimination among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {56-64},
	author = {Sims, M. and Wyatt, S.B. and Gutierrez, M.S. and Taylor, H. S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23105,
	title = {The mental health impact of AIDS-related mortality in South Africa: A national study},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health},
	volume = {63},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {293-8},
	author = {Myer, L. and Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and Moomal, H. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23104,
	title = {Intermittent Explosive Disorder in South Africa: Prevalence, Correlates, and the Role of Traumatic Exposures},
	journal = {Psychopathology},
	volume = {42},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {92-8},
	author = {Fincham, D. and Grimsrud, A. and Corrigall, J. and Williams, D.R. and Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and Myer, L.}
}
@article {23103,
	title = {An Examination of Mediators in the Relationship between Religiosity, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {68},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {314-22},
	author = {Buck, A.C. and D.R. Williams and Musick, M.A. and Sternthal, M.A.}
}
@article {23102,
	title = {Social Determinants: Taking the Social Context of Asthma Seriously},
	journal = {Pediatrics},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {S174-S184},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Sternthal, M. and Wright, R.J.}
}
@inbook {23101,
	title = {Black Americans and Mental Health Status: Complexities and New Developments},
	booktitle = {Handbook of African American Psychology},
	year = {2009},
	publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc. },
	organization = {Sage Publications, Inc. },
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	author = {Earl, T.R. and D.R. Williams},
	editor = {Helen A., Neville and Brendesha M., Tynes and Shawn O. , Utsey}
}
@article {23100,
	title = {Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health: Evidence and Needed Research},
	journal = {Journal of Behavioral Medicine},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {20-47},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Mohammed, S.A.}
}
@report {23166,
	title = {State of the USA Health Indicators: Letter Report},
	year = {2008},
	institution = {Washington, DC},
	address = {The National Academies Press},
	author = {Institute_of_Medicine}
}
@article {23158,
	title = {Supplement: {\textquotedblleft}NIMH Multisite HIV/STS Prevention Trial for African-American Couples.{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes},
	volume = {49},
	number = {Supplement 1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Williams, D.R., Allen, S., Padian, N. (Guest Editors)
},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Allen, S. and Padian, N.}
}
@article {23139,
	title = {National Survey Results for Protestant, Catholic, and Nonreligious Experiences of Seeking Forgiveness and of Forgiveness of Self, of Others, and by God},
	journal = {Journal of Psychiatry and Christianity},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {120-130},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and D.R. Williams}
}
@inbook {23099,
	title = {Racism and Health},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Public Health},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {474-483, vol. 5},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	author = {Paradies, Y. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Kris Heggenhougen and Stella Quah}
}
@article {23098,
	title = {Antidepressant use Among Blacks and Whites in the US},
	journal = {Psychiatric Services},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1131-1138},
	author = {Gonzalez, H.M. and Croghan, T.W. and West, B.T. and Tarraf, W. and D.R. Williams and Underwood, W. and Nesse, R. and Taylor, R.J. and Torres, M. and Hanton, L. and Neighbors, H.W. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {23097,
	title = {The association of forgiveness and 12-month prevalence of major depressive episode: Gender differences in a probability sample of U.S. adults},
	journal = {Mental Health, Religion \& Culture},
	volume = {11},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {485-500},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and D.R. Williams and Musick, M.A. and Everson-Rose, S.A.}
}
@article {23088,
	title = {Twelve-Month Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: South African National Probability Household Survey},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {43},
	number = {11},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {889-97},
	author = {Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and D.R. Williams and Herman, A. and Kessler, R. C. and Sonnega, J. and Heeringa, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@inbook {23087,
	title = {The South African Stress and Health Study (SASH): A Foundation for Improving Mental Health Care in South Africa},
	booktitle = {The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {238-239},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	author = {Herman, A.A. and Williams, D.R. and Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. and Heeringa, S.G. and Moomal, H. and Ronald C. Kessler and T. Bedirhan Ustan}
}
@inbook {23086,
	title = {Poverty, Migration, and Health},
	booktitle = {The Colors of Poverty},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {135-169},
	publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
	organization = {Russell Sage Foundation},
	address = {New York, NY},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Mohammed, S.A.},
	editor = {Ann C. Lin and David R. Harris}
}
@article {23085,
	title = {Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Adjustment among Adolescents},
	journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {565-569},
	author = {Tynes, B. and Giang, M.T. and D.R. Williams and Thompson, G.N.}
}
@article {23084,
	title = {Racial segregation and disparities in breast cancer care and mortality},
	journal = {Cancer,},
	volume = {113},
	number = {8},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {2166-2172},
	author = {Haas, J. S. and Earle, C.C. and Orav, J.E. and Brawarsky, P. and Keohane, M. and Neville, B.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23082,
	title = {Risk for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with different forms of interpersonal violence in South Africa},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {67},
	number = {10},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1589-95},
	author = {Kaminer, D. and Grimsrud, A. and Myer, L. and Stein, D.J. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23081,
	title = {DSM-IV Personality Disorders and their Axis 1 Correlates in the South African Population},
	journal = {Psychopathology},
	volume = {41},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {356-64},
	author = {Suliman, S. and Stein, D.J. and Williams, D.R. and Seedat, S.}
}
@article {23080,
	title = {Physical Violence against intimate partners and related exposures to violence among South African men},
	journal = {Canadian Medical Association Journal},
	volume = {179},
	number = {6},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {535-541},
	author = {Gupta, J. and Silverman, J. and Hemenway, D. and Acevedo-Garcia, D. and Stein, D. and Williams, D.}
}
@article {23079,
	title = {Racial segregation and disparities in cancer stage for seniors},
	journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine},
	volume = {23},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {699-705},
	author = {Haas, J. S. and Earle, C.C. and Orav, J.E. and Brawarsky, P. and Neville, B.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23078,
	title = {Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {192},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {368-375},
	author = {Ormel, J. and Petukhova, M. and Chatterji, S. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Alonso, J. and Angermeyer, M. and Bromet, E. and Burger, H. and Demyttenaere, K. and de Girolamo, G. and Haro, J. and Karam, E. and Kawakami, N. and Lepine, J. and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Posada-Villa, J. and Scott, K. and Ustun, T.B. and Von Korff, M. and D.R. Williams and Zhang, M. and Kessler, R.}
}
@article {23077,
	title = {The Impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Psychological Distress and Forgiveness in South Africa},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {462-468},
	author = {Stein, D. and Seedat, S. and Kaminer, D. and Moomal, H. and Herman, A. and Sonnega, J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23075,
	title = {Mental Health in the Context of Health Disparities},
	journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {165},
	number = {9},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1102-1108},
	author = {Miranda, J. and McGuire, T. and D.R. Williams and Wang, P.}
}
@article {23074,
	title = {Non-fatal Suicidal Behavior among South Africans: Results from the South Africa Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {454-461},
	author = {Joe, S. Stein and Seedat, S. and Herman, A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23071,
	title = {Why forgiveness may protect against depression: Hopelessness as an explanatory mechanism},
	journal = {Personality and Mental Health},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {89-103},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Williams, D.R. and Musick, M.A. and Everson-Rose, S.A.}
}
@article {23070,
	title = {Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal suicidal behavior among South Africans},
	journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {310-311},
	author = {Joe, S. and Stein, J.S. and Seedat, S. and Herman, A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23068,
	title = {Social determinants of psychological distress in a nationally-representative sample of South African adults},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1828-1840},
	author = {Myer, L. and Stein, D.J. and Grimsrud, A. and Seedat, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23067,
	title = {Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {98-105},
	author = {Nock, M. K and Guilherme, B. and Bromet, E.J. and Alonso, J. and Angermeyer, M. and Beautrais, A. and Bruffaerts, R. and Chiu, W. T. and de Girolamo, G. and Gluzman, S. and de Graaf, R. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. and Huang, Y. and Karam, E. and Kessler, R. C. and Lepin, J.P. and D. Levinson and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Ono, Y. and Posada-Villa, J. and Williams, D.}
}
@article {23066,
	title = {Toward a Policy Relevant Analysis of Geographic and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {321-333},
	author = {Acevedo-Garcia, D. and Ospuk, T. and McArdle, N. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23065,
	title = {Lifetime Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in South Africa},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychiatry},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {112-117},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. and Herman, A. and Moomal, H. and Heeringa, S.G., H. and Kessler, R. C. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23064,
	title = {Project Eban: A Gian Step Forward},
	journal = {Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome},
	volume = {49},
	number = {Supplement 1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {S1-S2},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Allen, S. and Padian, N.}
}
@article {23063,
	title = {Moving Upstream: How Interventions that Address the Social Determinants of Health can Improve Health and Reduce Disparities},
	journal = {Journal of Public Health Management and Practice},
	volume = {14},
	number = {Supplement},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {S8-S17},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Costa, M.V. and Odunlami, A.O. and Mohammed, S.A.}
}
@article {23062,
	title = {Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa: Findings from the South Africa Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {441-452},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Gonz{\'a}lez, H.M. and Williams, S. and Mohammed, S.A. and Moomal, H. and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {23061,
	title = {Twelve-month mental disorders in South Africa: prevalence, service use and demographic correlates in the population-based South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {211-220},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Herman, A. and Stein, D.J. and Heeringa, S.G. and Jackson, P.B. and Moomal, H. and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {682521,
	title = {Self-Reported Racial Discrimination and Substance Use in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults Study},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology },
	volume = {199},
	number = {9},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1068-1079},
	author = {Borrell, L.N. and Jacobs, D. R. J. and Williams, D.R. and Pletcher, M. J. and Houston, T. K.}
}
@article {23060,
	title = {Modified-Symbol Digit Modalities Test for African Americans, Caribbean Black Americans and Non-Latino Whites: Nationally Representative Normative Data from the National Survey of American Life},
	journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
	volume = {22},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {605-13},
	author = {Gonz{\'a}lez, H.M. and Whitfield, K. and West, B. and D.R. Williams and Lichtenberg, P. and Jackson, S.J.}
}
@article {23059,
	title = {The Role of Discrimination and Racial Identity for Mental Health Service Utilization},
	journal = {Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {8},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {960-981},
	author = {Richman, L.S. and Kohn-Wood, L.P. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23057,
	title = {Vulnerability as a Function of Individual and Group Resources in Cumulative Risk Assessment},
	journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives},
	volume = {115},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {817-824},
	author = {deFur, P.L. and Evans, G.W. and Cohen Hubal, E.A. and Kyle, A.D. and Morello-Frosch, R.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23056,
	title = {Multiple Traumatic Events and Psychological Distress: The South African Stress and Health Study},
	journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
	volume = {20},
	number = {5},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {845-855},
	author = {Williams, S.L. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. and Jackson, P.B. and Moomal, H.}
}
@article {23055,
	title = {Understanding social disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control: The role of neighborhood context},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1853-1866},
	author = {Morenoff, J.D. and House, J.S. and Hansen, B.B. and D.R. Williams and Kaplan, G.A. and Hunte, H.E.,}
}
@article {23052,
	title = {Racial discrimination \& health: Pathways \& evidence},
	journal = {Indian Journal of Medical Research},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {21-30},
	author = {Ahmed, A. and Mohammed, S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23050,
	title = {Lower Use of Hospice by Cancer Patients Who Live in Minority Versus White Areas},
	journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {396-399},
	author = {Haas, J. and Earle, C. and Orav, Brawarsky, P. and Neville, B. and Acevedo-Garcia, D. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23045,
	title = {Maternal Perspectives on Growth and Nutrition Counseling Provided at Preschool Well-Child Visits},
	journal = {Maternal Perspectives on Growth and Nutrition Counseling Provided at Preschool Well-Child Visits},
	volume = {99},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {153-158},
	author = {Woolford, S.J. and Clark, S.J. and Lumeng, J.C. and D.R. Williams and Davis, M.M.}
}
@inbook {23044,
	title = {Racial Harassment/Discrimination},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Stress, 2nd Edition, volume 3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {321-326},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Mohammed, S.A.},
	editor = {George Fink}
}
@article {23043,
	title = {Unfair Treatment and Self-Regulatory Focus},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {505-512},
	author = {Oyserman, D. and Uskul, A.K. and Yoder, N. and Nesse, R.M. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23042,
	title = {Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income African American Mothers},
	journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry},
	volume = {77},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {113-123},
	author = {Siefert, K. and D.R. Williams and Finalyson, T.L. and Delva, J. and Ismail, A.I.}
}
@article {23041,
	title = {Race, Ethnicity, and the Use of Services for Mental Disorders: Results from the National Survey of American Life},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	volume = {64},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {485-494},
	author = {Neighbors, H.W. and Caldwell, C. and D.R. Williams and Nesse, R. and Taylor, R.J. and Bullard, K.M. and Torres, M. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {23040,
	title = {Use of Mental Health Services Subjective Satisfaction with Treatment among Black Caribbean Immigrants: Results from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {60-67},
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and Neighbors, H.W. and Torres, M. Martin and Williams, D.R. and Baser, R.}
}
@article {23039,
	title = {Immigration and Mental Health: Diverse Findings in Asian, Black, and Latino Populations},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {11-12},
	author = {Takeuchi, D.T. and Alegria, M. and Jackson, J.S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23038,
	title = {Commentary: Race and mental health{\textemdash}more questions than answers},
	journal = {International Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {768-760},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Earl, T.R.}
}
@article {23036,
	title = {Prevalence and Distribution of Major Depressive Disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	volume = {64},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {305-315},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Gonz{\'a}lez, H.M. and Neighbors, H. and Nesse, R. and Abelson, J.M. and Sweetman, J. and Jackson, J.}
}
@book {23165,
	title = {Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished Business},
	year = {2006},
	publisher = {The National Academies Press},
	organization = {The National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C. },
	author = {Gerald E. Thomson and Faith Mitchell and Monique B. Williams}
}
@article {23018,
	title = {Correlates of Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African American Women},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {16},
	number = {Spring},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {527-533},
	author = {Delva, J. and Tellez, M. and Finlayson, T.L. and Gretebeck, K. and Siefert, K. and D.R. Williams and Ismail, A.I.}
}
@inbook {23017,
	title = {Culture, Race/Ethnicity, and Depression},
	booktitle = {Women and Depression},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {328-359},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York },
	author = {Jackson, P.B. and D.R. Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Keyes, Corey L.M. and Goodman, Sherryl H.}
}
@inbook {23015,
	title = {Social Perspectives on Mood Disorders},
	booktitle = {Textbook of Mood Disorders},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {145-158},
	publisher = {American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Neighbors, H.W. and Dan J. Stein and Kupfer, David J. and Schatzberg, Alan F.}
}
@inbook {23013,
	title = {The Social Determination of Ethnic/Racial Inequalities in Health},
	booktitle = {Social Determinants of Health, 2nd edition},
	year = {2006},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford, United Kingdom},
	author = {Nazroo, J.Y. and D.R. Williams and Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R.G.}
}
@inbook {23011,
	title = {The Intersection of Race, Gender, and SES: Health Paradoxes},
	booktitle = {Gender, Race, Class and Health},
	year = {2006},
	publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
	organization = {Jossey-Bass},
	address = {San Francisco},
	author = {Jackson, P.B. and Williams, DR.},
	editor = {Shulz, A. and Mullings, L.}
}
@article {23010,
	title = {An Urgent Call: Where to Begin Human Papillomavirus Vaccination},
	journal = {The Lancet: Infectious Diseases},
	volume = {6},
	number = {7},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {389-90},
	author = {Bonney, L.E. and Lally, M. and Williams, D.R. and Stein, M. and Flanigan, T.}
}
@article {23009,
	title = {Self-Reported Health, Perceived Racial Discrimination, and Skin Color in African Americans in the CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1415-27},
	author = {Borrell, L.N. and Kiefe, C.I. and D.R. Williams and Diez-Roux, A.V. and Gordon-Larsen, P.}
}
@article {23007,
	title = {Specifying Race-Ethnic Differences in Risk for Psychiatric Disorder in a U.S. National Sample},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {57-68},
	author = {Breslau, J. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Kendler, K.S. and Su, M. and D.R. Williams and Kessler, R. C.}
}
@article {23006,
	title = {Discrimination, Symptoms of Depression, and Self-rated General Health among African American Women in Detroit: Longitudinal Results from Eastside Village Health Worker Partnership},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {96},
	number = {7},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1265-1270},
	author = {Schulz, A.J. and Gravlee, C.C. and D.R. Williams and Israel, B. and Mentz, G. and Rowe, Z.}
}
@article {23005,
	title = {Life-course Socioeconomic Position and Hypertension in African American Men: The Pitt County Study},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {96},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {812-817},
	author = {James, S.A and Van Hoewk, J. and Belli, R.F. and Strogatz, D.S. and D.R. Williams and Raghunathan, T.E.}
}
@inbook {23004,
	title = {Cold Truths about Class, Race, and Health},
	booktitle = {Inequality Matters},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {The New Press},
	organization = {The New Press},
	address = {New York, NY },
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Lardner J. and Williams, D.R. and Lardner J.}
}
@inbook {23003,
	title = {Patterns and Causes of Disparities in Health},
	booktitle = {Policy Challenges in Modern Health Care},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
	organization = {Rutgers University Press},
	address = {New Brunswick, NJ},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Mechanic, D. and Rogut, L.B. and Colby, D.C. and Knickman, J.R.}
}
@article {23002,
	title = {Cigarette Smoking among Low-Income African Americans: A Serious Public Health Problem},
	journal = {American Journal of Preventive Medicine},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {218-220},
	author = {Delva, J. and Tellez, M. and Finlayson, T.L. and Gretebeck, K.A. and Siefert, K. and D.R. Williams and Ismail, A.I.}
}
@article {23001,
	title = {Food Insufficiency and Mental Health: Findings from a Three Year Panel of Welfare Recipients},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {61},
	number = {9},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1971-1982},
	author = {Heflin, C.M. and Siefert, K. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {23000,
	title = {Sociocultural Methods in the Jackson Heart Study: Conceptual and Descriptive Overview},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {15},
	number = {S6},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {38-48},
	author = {Payne, T.J. and Wyatt, S.B. and Mosley, T.H. and Dubbert, P.M. and Guiterrez-Mohammed, M.L. and Calvin, R.L. and Taylor Jr., H.A. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22999,
	title = {Stress, Life Events and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Results from the Americans{\textquoteright} Changing Lives Study},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {46},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {274-288},
	author = {Lantz, P.M. and House, J.S. and Mero, R. P. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22998,
	title = {Neighborhood Characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic factors, and depressive symptoms in young adults: the CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health},
	volume = {59},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {322-328},
	author = {Henderson, C. and Diez-Roux, A. and Jacobs, D.R. and Kiefe, C. and West, D. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22997,
	title = {Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Longitudinal Accumulation of Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {999-1015},
	author = {Karlamangla, A.S. and Singer, B.H. and D.R. Williams and Schwartz, J.E. and Matthews, K.A. and Kiefe, C.I. and Seeman, T.E.}
}
@article {22996,
	title = {Social Sources of Racial Disparities in Health},
	journal = {Health Affairs},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Reprinted in Hofrichter, Richard (ed.), Tackling Health Inequities Through Public Health Practice: A Handbook for Action, pp. 234-244. Washington, D.C., National Association of City and County Health Officials, 2006.
Reprinted in Hofrichter, Richard and Bhatia, Rajiv (eds.), Tackling Health Inequities through Public Health Practice: Theory to Action, pp. 166-178. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2010.},
	pages = {325-334},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Jackson, P.B.}
}
@article {22995,
	title = {The Health of U.S. Racial and Ethnic Populations},
	journal = {Journal of Gerontology: Series B},
	volume = {60B},
	number = {Special Issue II},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {53-62},
	author = {D.R. Williams}
}
@book {23164,
	title = {Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life: A Research Agenda},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {National Academies Press},
	organization = {National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	editor = {Rodolfo Bulatao and Norman B. Anderson}
}
@book {23163,
	title = {Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {The National Academies Press},
	organization = {The National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C. },
	editor = {Michele Ver Ploeg and Edward Perrin}
}
@inbook {22994,
	title = {Racism and Health},
	booktitle = {Closing the Gap: Improving the Health of Minority Elders in the New Millennium.},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {The Gerontological Society of America},
	organization = {The Gerontological Society of America},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Whitfield, Keith E.}
}
@inbook {22993,
	title = {Surveying the Black American Population},
	booktitle = {A Telescope on Society: Survey Research and Social Science at the University of Michigan and Beyond},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	organization = {University of Michigan Press},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and D.R. Williams and House, James S. and Juster, F. Thomas and Kahn, Robert L. and Schuman and Howard and Singer, Eleanor}
}
@inbook {22992,
	title = {The Social Dimension of Race},
	booktitle = {Race and Research: Perspectives on Minority Participation in Health Studies},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1-25},
	publisher = {American Public Health Association},
	organization = {American Public Health Association},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Rubio, M. and Williams, D.R. and Beech, B.M. and Goodman, M.}
}
@inbook {22990,
	title = {Discrimination and Health},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior, Vol. 1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {254-259},
	publisher = {Sage Publications},
	organization = {Sage Publications},
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Anderson, N.B.}
}
@inbook {22989,
	title = {Health and the Quality of Life Among African Americans},
	booktitle = {The State of Black America 2004: The Complexity of Black Progress},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {115-138},
	publisher = {The National Urban League},
	organization = {The National Urban League},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22988,
	title = {Mental Health of African Americans},
	booktitle = {Praeger Handbook of Black American Health: Policies and Issues Behind Disparities in Health, vol.1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {369-382},
	publisher = {Praeger Publishers},
	organization = {Praeger Publishers},
	address = {Westport, CT},
	author = {Wilson, C. and Williams, D.R. and Ivor L. Livingston}
}
@article {22987,
	title = {Ethics of Research on Survivors of Trauma},
	journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {262-267},
	author = {Seedat, S. and Pienaar, W.P. and D.R. Williams and Stein, D.J.}
}
@article {22986,
	title = {Subjective Social Status: Reliability and Predictive Utility for Global Health},
	journal = {Psychology and Health},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {237-246},
	author = {Operario, D. and Adler, N.E. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22985,
	title = {Psychosocial Factors in Medical and Psychological Treatment Avoidance: The Role of the Doctor-Patient Relationship},
	journal = {Journal of Health Psychology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {421-33},
	author = {Moore, P.J. and Sickel, A.E. and Adler, N.E. and Malat, J. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {22984,
	title = {The National Survey of American Life: A Study of Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Influences on Mental Disorders and Mental Health},
	journal = {International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {196-207},
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and Torres, M. and Caldwell, C.H. and Neighbors, H.W. and Nesse, R.M. and Taylor, R.J. and Trierweiler, S.J. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22983,
	title = {Health Disparities Based on Socioeconomic Inequities: Implications for Urban Health Care},
	journal = {Academic Medicine},
	volume = {79},
	number = {12},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {1139-1147},
	author = {Fiscella, K. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22982,
	title = {The Concept and Measurement of Race and Their Relationship to Public Health: A Review Focused on Brazil and the United States},
	journal = {Reports in Public Health},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {660-678},
	author = {Travassos, C. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22981,
	title = {Blood Pressure Reactivity to Psychological Stress Predicts Hypertension in the CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Circulation},
	volume = {110},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {74-78},
	author = {Matthews, K. and Katholi, C. and McCreath, H. and Whooley, M. and Williams, D. and Markovitz, J.}
}
@article {22979,
	title = {Attendance at Religious Services and Mortality in a National Sample},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {198-213},
	author = {Musick, M.A. and House, J.S. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22978,
	title = {Understanding the Challenges in Recruiting Blacks to a Longitudinal Cohort Study: The Adventist Health Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {423-430},
	author = {Herring, P. and Montgomery, S. and Yancey, A. and D.R. Williams and Fraser, G.}
}
@article {22976,
	title = {Food Insufficiency and Physical and Mental Health in a Longitudinal Survey of Welfare Recipients},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {171-186},
	author = {Siefert, K. and Heflin, C.M. and Corcoran, M.E. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22974,
	title = {The South Africa Stress and Health Study: Rationale and Design},
	journal = {Metabolic Brain Disease},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {135-147},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Herman, A. and Kessler, R. C. and Sonnega, J. and Seedat, S. and Stein, D.J. and Moomal, H. and Wilson, C.M.}
}
@article {22973,
	title = {Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African-American Health},
	journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
	volume = {47},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {977-1000},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Collins, C.}
}
@book {23161,
	title = {Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {The National Academies Press},
	organization = {The National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Brian D. Smedley and Adrienne Y. Stith and Alan R. Nelson}
}
@article {23157,
	title = {Special Issue: "Race, Ethnicity, and Mental Health in Society"},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {44},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {
	Takeuchi, D.T. and Williams, D.R. (Guest Editors)

},
	author = {Takeuchi, D.T. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22972,
	title = {Religious Involvement, Social Support, and Health Among African-American Women on the East Side of Detroit},
	journal = {Journal of General Internal Medicine},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {549-557},
	author = {Van Olphen, J. and Schulz, A. and Israel, B. and Chatters, L. and Klem, L. and Parker, E. and Williams, D.}
}
@article {22970,
	title = {Racism and Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans: Evidence and Implications for the Jackson Heart Study.},
	journal = {American Journal of Medical Sciences},
	volume = {325},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {315-331},
	author = {Wyatt, S.B. and D.R. Williams and Calvin, R. and Henderson, F. and E. Walker and Winters, K.}
}
@article {22968,
	title = {Race, Ethnicity and Mental Health: Introduction to the Special Issue},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {233-236},
	author = {Takeuchi, D.T. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22967,
	title = {Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 General Social Survey},
	journal = {Research on Aging},
	volume = {25},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {327-35},
	author = {Idler, E.L. and Musick, M.A. and Ellison, C.G. and L.K. George and Krause, N. and Ory, M.G. and Pargament, K.I. and Powell, L.H. and Underwood, L.G. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22965,
	title = {The integral role of pastoral counseling by African-American clergy in community mental health.},
	journal = {Psychiatric Services},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {688-692},
	author = {Young, J.L. and Griffith, E.E.H. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22964,
	title = {Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Dependence Among Unmarried Low-Income Mothers},
	journal = {Health and Social Work},
	volume = {28},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {157-165},
	author = {Rosen, D. and Spencer, M. and Tolman, R. and D.R. Williams and Jackson, J.}
}
@article {22963,
	title = {Race, Health, and Health Care},
	journal = {St. Louis University Law Journal},
	volume = {48},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {13-35},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22962,
	title = {The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {93},
	number = {5},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Reprinted in American Journal of Public Health. 98 (9, Suppl):S150-7, 2008.},
	pages = {724-731},
	author = {D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22960,
	title = {Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings from Community Studies},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Reprinted in American Journal of Public Health. 98 (9, Suppl): S29-37, 2008.},
	pages = {200-208},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Neighbors, H.W. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@webarticle {22959,
	title = {Perceptions of Discrimination, Health and Mental Health: The Social Stress Process},
	year = {2002},
	note = {
	Socioeconomic Conditions, Stress and Mental Disorders: Toward a New Syn of Research and Public Policy. Online. Internet.

},
	url = {http://www.mhsip.org},
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and Williams, D.R. and Torres, M.}
}
@inbook {22958,
	title = {Ethnicity, Race, and Health},
	booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {4831-4838},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	organization = {Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	address = {Oxford, United Kingdom},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {N.J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes}
}
@inbook {22957,
	title = {Cultural and Social Aspects of Anxiety Disorders},
	booktitle = {Textbook of Anxiety Disorders},
	year = {2002},
	note = {
	Reprinted and updated. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., Arlington, VA. Pp. 717-729, 2010.

},
	pages = {463-474},
	publisher = {American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. },
	organization = {American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. },
	address = {Washington, DC},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Dan J. Stein and Eric Hollander}
}
@article {22956,
	title = {Racial and Spacial Relations as Fundamental Determinants of Health in Detroit},
	journal = {Milbank Quarterly},
	volume = {80},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {677-707},
	author = {Schulz, A.J. and Williams, D.R. and Israel, B.L. and Lempert, L.B.}
}
@article {22955,
	title = {African American Girls{\textquoteright} Smoking Habits and Day-to-Day Experience with Racial Discrimination.},
	journal = {Nursing Research},
	volume = {51},
	number = {3},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {183-190},
	author = {Guthrie, B.J. and Young, A.M. and D.R. Williams and Boyd, C.J. and Kintner, E.K.}
}
@article {22954,
	title = {Correlates of Self-Perceptions of Spirituality in American Adults},
	journal = {Annals of Behavioral Medicine},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {59-68},
	author = {Shahabi, L. and Powell, L.H. and Musick, M.A. and Pargament, K.I. and Thoresen, C.E. and Williams, D.R. and Underwood, L. and Ory, M.A.}
}
@article {22953,
	title = {Religious Involvement and Cigarette Smoking in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study},
	journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine},
	volume = {162},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1604-1610},
	author = {Whooley, M.A. and Boyd, A.L. and Gardin, J.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22952,
	title = {Socioeconomic Status \&amp; Health: The Role of Sleep},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {337-344},
	author = {Moore, P.J. and Adler, N.E. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {22951,
	title = {Socioculture and the Delivery of Health Care: Who Gets What and Why},
	journal = {The ASHA Leader},
	volume = {7},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {6-8},
	author = {Caesar, L.G. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22950,
	title = {Optimal Indicators of Socioeconomic Status for Health Research},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {92},
	number = {7},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {1151-1157},
	author = {Daly, M.C. and Duncan, G. and McDonough, P. and D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22949,
	title = {Racial/Ethnic Variations in Women{\textquoteright}s Health: the Social Embeddedness of Health},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {92},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {
	Reprinted in American Journal of Public Health. 98 (9, Suppl):S38-S47, 2008.

},
	pages = {588-597},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@book {23160,
	title = {New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach},
	year = {2001},
	publisher = {The National Academies Press},
	organization = {The National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C. },
	editor = {Burton H. Singer and Carol D. Ryff}
}
@inbook {22948,
	title = {Race, Ethnicity, and Aging},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Aging and Social Sciences, 5th Edition},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {160-178},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Wilson, C. and Binstock, R.H. and L.K. George}
}
@inbook {22947,
	title = {The Epidemiology of Mental Disorder: 1985-2000},
	booktitle = {Health Issues in the Black Community},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {99-128},
	publisher = {Jossey-Bass Publishers},
	organization = {Jossey-Bass Publishers},
	address = {San Francisco},
	author = {Neighbors, H. and Williams, D.R. and R.L. Braithwaite and Taylor, S.E.}
}
@inbook {22946,
	title = {Race and Health: Trends and Policy Implications},
	booktitle = {Income, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: Exploring the Relationships},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {67-85},
	publisher = {National Policy Association, Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy},
	organization = {National Policy Association, Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and J.A. Auerbach and B.K. Krimgold}
}
@inbook {22945,
	title = {Racial Variations in Adult Health Status: Patterns, Paradoxes and Prospects},
	booktitle = {America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Volume II.},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {371-410},
	publisher = {National Academy of Sciences Press},
	organization = {National Academy of Sciences Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Neil Smelser and William Julius Wilson and Faith Mitchell}
}
@article {22937,
	title = {Racism, Discrimination \&amp; Hypertension: Evidence \&amp; Needed Research},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {800-816},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Neighbors, H.}
}
@article {22936,
	title = {Forgiveness and Health: Age Difference in a U.S. Probability Sample},
	journal = {Journal of Adult Development},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {249-257},
	author = {Toussaint, L.L. and Williams, D.R. and Musick, M.A. and Everson, S.A.}
}
@article {22935,
	title = {Racial Residential Segregation: A Fundamental Cause of Racial Disparities in Health},
	journal = {Public Health Reports},
	volume = {116},
	number = {September/October},
	year = {2001},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Thomas A. LaVeist (ed.), Race, Ethnicity, and Health. Jossey Bass, 2002.

},
	pages = {404-416},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Collins, C.}
}
@article {22932,
	title = {Religious Involvement, Stress and Mental Health: Findings from the 1995 Detroit Area Study},
	journal = {Social Forces},
	volume = {80},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {215-249},
	author = {Ellison, C.G. and Boardman, J. D. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {22931,
	title = {Food Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women},
	journal = {Women and Health},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {159-177},
	author = {Siefert, K. and Heflin, C.M. and Corcoran, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22929,
	title = {Changing to the 2000 Standard Million: Are Declining Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Real Progress or statistical Illusion?},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1209-1213},
	author = {Kreiger, N. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22928,
	title = {Neighborhood Disadvantage, Stress, and Drug Abuse Among Adults},
	journal = {Journal of Health \& Social Behavior},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {151-165},
	author = {Boardman, J. D. and Finch, B.K. and Ellison, C.G. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {22927,
	title = {Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Change in a Longitudinal Study of U.S. Adults: The Role of Health Risk Behaviors},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {29-40},
	author = {Lantz, P.M. and Lynch, J.W. and House, J.S. and Lepkowski, J.M. and Mero, R. P. and Musick, M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22924,
	title = {Race-Related Correlates of Young Adults{\textquoteright} Subjective Well},
	journal = {Social Indicators},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {97-116},
	author = {Brown, T.N. and Wallace, Jr., J.M. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22922,
	title = {Ethical Aspects of Research on Psychological Trauma},
	journal = {Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {31-36},
	author = {Stein, D.J. and Herman, A. and Kaminer, D. and Rataemane, S. and Seedat, S. and Kessler, R. C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22920,
	title = {Understanding and Reducing Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health},
	booktitle = {Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research},
	year = {2000},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Richard Hofrichter (ed.) Health and Social Justice: Politics, Ideology, and Inequity in the Distribution of Disease. Jossey-Bass, pp. 89-131, 2003.

},
	pages = {81-124},
	publisher = {National Academy Press},
	organization = {National Academy Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {J. House and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {B.D. Smedley and S. L. Syme}
}
@inbook {22919,
	title = {Race and Health in Kansas: Data, Issues and Directions},
	booktitle = {The Society and Population Health Reader. Volume II: A State and Community Perspective},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {236-258},
	publisher = {The New Press},
	organization = {The New Press},
	address = {New York },
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Alvin R. Tarlov and Robert F. St. Peter}
}
@inbook {22918,
	title = {The Impact of Income Dynamics on Mortality in the United States},
	booktitle = {The Mortality Crisis In Transitional Economies},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {392-419},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {McDonough, P. and Duncan, G.J. and Williams, D.R. and House, J.S.},
	editor = {Cornia, G.A. and Paniccia, R}
}
@inbook {22917,
	title = {Race, Stress, and Mental Health: Findings from the Commonwealth Minority Health Survey},
	booktitle = {Minority Health in America: Findings and Policy Implication From the Commonwealth Fund Minority Health Survey},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {209-243},
	publisher = {Johns-Hopkins University Press},
	organization = {Johns-Hopkins University Press},
	address = {Baltimore, MD},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {C. Hogue and M.A. Hargraves and K.S. Collins}
}
@article {22916,
	title = {Excess Mortality Among Urban Residents: How Much for Whom and Why},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1989-1904},
	author = {House, J.S. and Lepkowski, J.M. and Williams, D.R. and Mero, R. P. and Lantz, P.M. and Robert, S.A. and Chen, J.}
}
@article {22915,
	title = {Social and Environmental Predictors of Maternal Depression in Current and Recent Welfare Recipients},
	journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry},
	volume = {70},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {510-522},
	author = {Siefert, K. and Bowman, P. and Heflin, C. and Danziger, S. and Williams, D.}
}
@article {22914,
	title = {Racism and Mental Health: The African American Experience},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {243-268},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Williams-Morris, R.}
}
@article {22913,
	title = {Understanding and Addressing Racial Disparities in Health},
	journal = {Health Care Financing Review},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {75-90},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Rucker, T.D.}
}
@article {22912,
	title = {Being Black and Feeling Blue: The Mental Health Consequences of Racial Discrimination},
	journal = {Race \& Society},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {117-131},
	author = {Brown, T.N. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S. and Neighbors, H.W. and Torres, M. and Sellers, S.L. and Brown, K.T.}
}
@article {22911,
	title = {Social Inequalities, Stressors and Self Reported Health Status Among African American and White Women in the Detroit Metropolitan Area},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1639-1653},
	author = {Schulz, A. and Israeli, B. and Williams, D. and Parker, E. and Becker, A. and James, S.}
}
@article {22910,
	title = {Race/Ethnicity and the 2000 Census: Recommendations for African American and Other Black Populations in the United States},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1728-1730},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@article {22909,
	title = {Unfair Treatment, Neighborhood Effects, and Mental Health in the Detroit Metropolitan Area},
	journal = {Unfair Treatment, Neighborhood Effects, and Mental Health in the Detroit Metropolitan Area},
	volume = {41},
	number = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {314-332},
	author = {Schulz, A. and Williams, D.R. and Israel, B. and Becker, A. and Parker, E. and James, S. and Jackson, J.}
}
@article {22908,
	title = {The Differential Effects of Sleep Quality and Quantity on the Relationship Between SES and Health},
	journal = {Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {896},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {431-434},
	author = {Sickel, A.E. and Moore, P.J. and Adler, N.E. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@inbook {22907,
	title = {Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health},
	booktitle = {Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {151-166},
	publisher = {New York Plenum Publishers},
	organization = {New York Plenum Publishers},
	author = {Yu, Y. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {J. Phelan and C. Aneshensel}
}
@inbook {22906,
	title = {Race and Mental Health: Emerging Patterns and Promising Approaches},
	booktitle = {A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories, and Systems},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {295-314},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Harris-Reid, M.},
	editor = {Allan V. Horwitz and Teresa L. Scheid}
}
@inbook {22902,
	title = {Race Stress and Physical Health: The Role of Group Identity},
	booktitle = {Self, Social Identity and Physical Health: Interdisciplinary Explorations},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {71-100},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Spencer, M. and Jackson, J.S.},
	editor = {R.J. Contrada and R.D. Ashmore}
}
@article {22900,
	title = {Rising Tides, Falling Fortunes},
	journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {8},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {461-463},
	author = {Kaplan, G.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22899,
	title = {Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health: The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination},
	journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {896},
	year = {1999},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Phil Brown (ed.), Perspectives in Medical Sociology 3rd edition. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. 21-39, 2000

},
	pages = {173-188},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22898,
	title = {The Monitoring of Racial/Ethic Status in the USA: Data Quality Issues},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Health},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {121-137},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22895,
	title = {Racism as a Stressor for African Americans: A Biopsychosocial Model},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1999},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Thomas LaVeist (ed.), Race, Ethnicity, and Health: A Public Health Reader. Jossey-Bass, 2002.

},
	pages = {805-816},
	author = {Clark, R. and Anderson, N.B. and Clark, V.R. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22893,
	title = {Segregation and Mortality: The Deadly Effects of Racism},
	journal = {Sociological Forum},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {495-523},
	author = {Collins, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22891,
	title = {The Prevalence, Distribution, and Mental Health Correlates of Perceived Discrimination in the United States},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavio},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {208-230},
	author = {Kessler, R. C. and Mickelson, K. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22890,
	title = {Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health: The Interplay Between Discrimination and Socioeconomic Status},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {9},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {151-165},
	author = {Ren, X.S. and Amick, B. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22888,
	title = {Structure and Provision of Services in New Haven Black Churches},
	journal = {Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {118-133},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Griffith, E.E.H. and Young, J. and Collins, C. and Dodson, J.}
}
@article {22887,
	title = {Gender and the Socioeconomic Gradient in Mortality},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {17-31},
	author = {McDonough, P. and Williams, D.R. and House, J.S. and Duncan, G.J.}
}
@article {22886,
	title = {Traditional and Contemporary Prejudice and Urban Whites{\textquoteright} Support for Affirmative Action and Government Help},
	journal = {Social Problems},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {503-527},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S. and Brown, T.N. and T. Forman and Torres, M. and Brown, K.}
}
@inbook {22885,
	title = {Aging and Alcohol Use and Abuse Among African Americans: A Life-Course Perspective},
	booktitle = {Alcohol Problems and Aging, NIAAA Research Monograph 33. NIH Publication Number 98-4163.},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {63-87},
	publisher = {Government Printing Office},
	organization = {Government Printing Office},
	address = {Washington, D.C. },
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and D.R. Williams and Gomberg, E.S.},
	editor = {E.S.L. Gomberg and A.M. Hegedus and R.A. Zucker}
}
@proceedings {22884,
	title = {Discrimination, Race, and Health},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics and Data User{\textquoteright}s Conference},
	year = {1998},
	note = {
	July 28-31CD Rom $\#$1

},
	publisher = {United States Government Printing Office},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Yu, Y. and Jackson, J.S.}
}
@inbook {22882,
	title = {Issues in the Quality of Data on Minority Groups},
	booktitle = {Studying Minority Adolescents: Conceptual, Methodological, and Theoretical Issues},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {237-250},
	publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	organization = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	author = {Wilson, L. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {McLoyd, V. and Steinberg, L.}
}
@article {22881,
	title = {The African American Minister as a Source of Help for Serious Personal Crises: Bridge or Barrier to Mental Health Care},
	journal = {Health Education and Behavior},
	volume = {25},
	number = {6},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {759-777},
	author = {Neighbors, H.W. and Musick, M.A. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22880,
	title = {African American Health: The Role of the Social Environment},
	journal = {Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {300-321},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22879,
	title = {Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality: Results from a Nationally Representative Prospective Study of U.S. Adults},
	journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
	volume = {279},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {1703-1708},
	author = {Lantz, P.M. and House, J.S. and Lepskowski, J. M. and Williams, D.R. and Mero, R. P. and Chen J.}
}
@inbook {22878,
	title = {Race, Place, and Discrimination},
	booktitle = {Perspectives on Social Problems},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {9: 231-261},
	publisher = {JAI Press},
	organization = {JAI Press},
	author = {Forman, T.A. and Williams, D.R. and Jackson, J.S. and Carol Gardner}
}
@inbook {22876,
	title = {Religion and Adolescent Health-Compromising Behavior},
	booktitle = {Health Risks and Developmental Transitions During Adolescence},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {444-468},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Wallace, Jr., J.M. and Williams, D.R. and J. Schulenberg and J.L. Maggs and K. Hurrelmann}
}
@article {22875,
	title = {Income Dynamics and Adult Mortality in the U.S., 1972-1989},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {87},
	number = {9},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {1476-1483},
	author = {McDonough, P. and Duncan, G.J. and Williams, D.R. and House, J.S.}
}
@article {22874,
	title = {Missed Opportunities in Monitoring Socioeconomic Status},
	journal = {Public Health Reports},
	volume = {112},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {492-494},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22873,
	title = {Race and Health: Basic Questions, Emerging Directions},
	journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {5},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {322-333},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22872,
	title = {Racial Differences in Physical and Mental Health: Socioeconomic Status, Stress, and Discrimination},
	journal = {Journal of Health Psychology},
	volume = {2},
	number = {3},
	year = {1997},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Jane McLeod and Eric Wright (eds.), Sociology of Mental Illness, Sage, In Press

},
	pages = {335-351},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Yu, Y. and Jackson, J.S. and Anderson, N.B.}
}
@article {22871,
	title = {Measuring Social Class in U.S. Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines},
	journal = {Annual Review of Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1997},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Jessie P.H. Poon, Kenneth Button and Peter Nijkamp (eds.), Social Planning. Cheltenham, U.K.: Elgar Publishing.

},
	pages = {341-378},
	author = {Krieger, N and Williams, D.R. and Moss, N.}
}
@article {23156,
	title = {Special issue on {\textquotedblleft}Racism and Health{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Ethnicity \& Disease},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1,2},
	year = {1996},
	note = {
	Williams, D.R. (Guest Editor)

},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@report {22870,
	title = {Psychosocial Pathways Linking SES and CVD},
	year = {1996},
	note = {
	Report of the Conference on Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Health and Disease. November 6-7, 1995.

},
	pages = {119-124},
	institution = {National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute},
	author = {House, J.S. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22869,
	title = {Socioeconomic Status and the Health of Racial Minority Populations},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Diversity Issues in Health Psychology},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {407-423},
	publisher = {Plenum Press},
	organization = {Plenum Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Rucker, T.},
	editor = {Traci Mann and Pamela Kato}
}
@inbook {22868,
	title = {The Health of the African American Population},
	booktitle = {Origins and Destinies: Immigration, Race and Ethnicity in America},
	year = {1996},
	note = {
	Reprinted as {\textquotedblleft}Poverty, Racism and Migration: The Health of the African American Population,{\textquotedblright} in C.M. Henry (ed.), Race, Poverty, and Domestic Policy. New Haven: Yale University Press. Pp. 311-335, 2004.

},
	pages = {404-416},
	publisher = {Wadsworth},
	organization = {Wadsworth},
	author = {Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Silvia Pedraza and Ruben G. Rumbaut}
}
@inbook {22867,
	title = {Social Factors and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Vietnam},
	booktitle = {Culture, Society, and Disease: International Perspectives of Illness Behavior},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {244-261},
	publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
	organization = {Prentice-Hall},
	author = {Le, N. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Janardan Subedi and Eugene Gallagher}
}
@article {22866,
	title = {Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status: Measurement and Methodological Issues},
	journal = {International Journal of Health Services},
	volume = {26},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {483-505},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22865,
	title = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1,2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {1-6},
	author = {D.R. Williams}
}
@article {22864,
	title = {Racism and the Physical and Mental Health Status of African Americans: A Thirteen-Year National Panel Study},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1,2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {132-147},
	author = {Jackson, J.S. and Brown, T.N. and Williams, D.R. and Torres, M. and Sellers, S.L. and Brown, K.}
}
@inbook {23159,
	title = {Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach},
	booktitle = {Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach},
	year = {1995},
	publisher = {The National Academies Press},
	organization = {The National Academies Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C. },
	editor = {Jacques Normand and David Vlahov and Lincoln Moses}
}
@inbook {22863,
	title = {Examining the Black-White Adult Mortality Disparity: The Role of Residential Segregation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1995 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics},
	year = {1995},
	note = {
	DHHS pub. No. (PHS) 96-1214:320-325.

},
	author = {Collins, C. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22862,
	title = {African American Mental Health: Persisting Questions and Paradoxical Findings},
	journal = {African American Research Perspectives: An Occasional Report of the Program for Research on Black Americans},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {
	Robert J. Taylor (ed.)Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research

},
	pages = {8-16},
	author = {Robert J. Taylor and Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22861,
	title = {Conclusion},
	booktitle = {Women of Color: A Cultural Diversity Health Perspective},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {239-247},
	publisher = {Sage},
	organization = {Sage},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Dickerson, N. and Diane Adams}
}
@inbook {22860,
	title = {Social Psychology and Health},
	booktitle = {Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {548-570},
	publisher = {Allyn and Bacon},
	organization = {Allyn and Bacon},
	author = {Kessler, R. C. and House, J.S. and Anspach, R. and Williams, D.R.},
	editor = {Karen Cook and Gary Fine and House, James S.}
}
@inbook {22859,
	title = {Race and Health: A Multidimensional Approach to African American Health},
	booktitle = {Society and Health},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {93-130},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {G. King and Williams, D.R. and Benjamin C. Amick},
	editor = {Sol Levin and Diana Chapman Walsh and Alvin R. Tarlov}
}
@article {22857,
	title = {Macrosocial and Environmental Influences on Minority Health},
	journal = {Health Psychology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {601-612},
	author = {Johnson, K.W. and Anderson, N.B. and Bastida, E. and Kramer, B.J. and Williams, D.R. and Wong, M.}
}
@article {22854,
	title = {U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations},
	journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1995},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Phil Brown (ed.), Perspectives in Medical Sociology 2nd edition. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1996.



	Reprinted in Kathy Charmaz and Debora A. Paterniti (eds.), Health, Illness, and Aging: Society, Social Context, and Self. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing Co., Pp. 349-376, 1998.



	Reprinted in Thomas A. LaVeist (ed.), Race, Ethnicity, and Health, Jossey Bass, 2002.



	Reprinted in Kate E Pickett and Richard G Wilkinson (eds.) Health and Inequality: Major Themes in Health and Social Welfare. Routledge, In Press

},
	pages = {349-386},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Collins, C.}
}
@article {23168,
	title = {Review of Suicide in the African-American Community by K.E. Early},
	journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {201},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22853,
	title = {Census Undercount and the Quality of Health Data for Racial and Ethnic Populations},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {
	Notes and Comments

},
	pages = {89-1000}
}
@inbook {22852,
	title = {The Mental Health of African Americans: Findings, Questions and Directions},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies and Prospects},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {253-268},
	publisher = {Greenwood Publications},
	organization = {Greenwood Publications},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Fenton, B. and I.L. Livingston}
}
@inbook {22851,
	title = {The Measurement of Religion in Epidemiologic Studies: Problems and Prospects},
	booktitle = {Religious Factors in Aging and Health: Theoretical Foundations and Methodological Frontiers},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {125-148},
	publisher = {Sage},
	organization = {Sage},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and J.S. Levin}
}
@article {22850,
	title = {Church-Agency Relationships in the Black Community},
	journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly},
	volume = {23},
	number = {2},
	year = {1994},
	note = {
	Reprinted as {\textquotedblleft}Church-Agency Relationships and Social Service Networks in the Black Community of New Haven,{\textquotedblright} in N.J. Demerath III, Peter Dobkin Hall, Terry Schmitt, and Rhys H. Williams (eds.), Sacred Companies: Organizational Aspects of Religion and Religious Aspects of Organizations, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

},
	pages = {91-105},
	author = {Chang, P. and Williams, D.R. and Griffith, E. and Young, J.L.}
}
@article {22849,
	title = {The Concept of Race and Health Status in America},
	journal = {Public Health Reports},
	volume = {109},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {
	Reprinted in George Henderson and Grace X. Ma (eds.), Rethinking Ethnicity and Health Care: A Sociocultural Perspective, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Pp 23-51, 1999.

},
	pages = {26-41},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Lavizzo-Mourey, R. and Warren, R.C.}
}
@article {22848,
	title = {The Concept of Race in Health Services Research, 1966-1990},
	journal = {Health Services Research},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {261-274},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {23167,
	title = {Review of Health Issues in the Black Community by R.L. Braithwaite and S. E. Tayler (eds.)},
	journal = {Contemporary Sociology},
	volume = {22},
	number = {5},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {746-747},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22847,
	title = {Equity in Environmental Health: Data Collection and Interpretation Issues},
	journal = {Toxicology and Industrial Health},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {
	With contributions from Wilson, P.M.

},
	pages = {775-795},
	author = {Wagener, D.K. and Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22846,
	title = {Socioeconomic Status, Psychosocial Factors and Health in Urban Guyana},
	journal = {Sociological Focus},
	volume = {25},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {279-294},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Wilson, L. and Chung, A.}
}
@inbook {22845,
	title = {Poverty and Health: A National Study of the Determinants of Excess Mortality},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1991 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics},
	year = {1992},
	note = {
	DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 92-1214:217-222.

},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Lepkowski, J.}
}
@inbook {22844,
	title = {Social Structure and the Health Behaviors of Blacks},
	booktitle = {Aging, Health Behaviors and Health Status},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {59-64},
	publisher = {Erlbaum},
	organization = {Erlbaum},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and K. Schaie and J. House and D. Blazer}
}
@article {22843,
	title = {Socioeconomic Status and Psychiatric Disorder Among Black and Whites},
	journal = {Social Forces},
	volume = {71},
	year = {1992},
	note = {
	Reprinted in Bart Landry (Ed.), Race, Gender, and Class: Theory and Methods of Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 2004.

},
	pages = {179-194},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Takeuchi, D. and Adair, R.}
}
@article {22842,
	title = {Family Structure and Mental Health in Urban Guyana},
	journal = {Central Issues in Anthropology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {117-126},
	author = {Wilson, L. and Williams, D.R. and Wilkins, K.}
}
@article {22841,
	title = {Marital Status and Psychiatric Disorders Among Blacks and Whites},
	journal = {Journal of Health and Social Behavior},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {140-157},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and Takeuchi, D. and Adair, R.}
}
@article {22839,
	title = {Black-White Differences in Blood Pressure: The Role of Social Factors},
	journal = {Ethnicity and Disease},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {126-141},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22838,
	title = {Stress, Social Support, Control and Coping: A Social Epidemiologic View},
	booktitle = {Health Promotion Research: Towards a New Social Epidemiology},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {147-172},
	publisher = {World Health Organization},
	organization = {World Health Organization},
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and House, J.S.},
	editor = {B. Badura and I. Kickbusch}
}
@article {22821,
	title = {Economic Stress in the Family and Children{\textquoteright}s Emotional and Behavioral Problems},
	journal = {Journal of Marriage and the Family},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1031-1041},
	author = {Takeuchi, D. and Williams, D.R. and Adair R.K.}
}
@article {22816,
	title = {Religion and Psychological Distress in a Community Sample},
	journal = {Social Science and Medicine},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1257-1262},
	author = {Williams, D.R. and D. Larson and R. Buckler and R. Heckmann and C. Pyle}
}
@article {22814,
	title = {Social Structure and the Health Status of Black Males},
	journal = {Challenge: A Journal of Research on Black Men},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {25-46},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@article {22813,
	title = {Socioeconomic Differentials in Health: A Review and Redirection},
	journal = {Social Psychology Quarterly},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {81-99},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22812,
	title = {Race Differences in Hypertension: Identifying the Determinants},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1989 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics},
	year = {1989},
	note = {DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 90-1214:422-427
},
	author = {D.R. Williams and Bryant, S.}
}
@inbook {22811,
	title = {Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality: The Role of Psychosocial Factors},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics},
	year = {1987},
	note = {
	DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 88-1214:317-332.

},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
@inbook {22808,
	title = {Unemployment, Social Support and Health},
	booktitle = {Social Support -- Health and Disease},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {93-111},
	publisher = {Almqvist and Wiksell},
	organization = {Almqvist and Wiksell},
	address = {Stockholm},
	author = {House, J.S. and Williams, D.R. and Kessler, R. C. and S. Isacsson and L. Janzon}
}
@inbook {678385,
	title = {Social Support and Stress Reduction},
	booktitle = {Job Stress and Blue Collar Work},
	year = {1985},
	pages = {207-224},
	publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
	organization = {John Wiley and Sons},
	author = {Williams, D. and J. House},
	editor = {C.L. Cooper and M. Smith}
}
@article {22805,
	title = {Weight Management Program Promises and Delivers},
	journal = {Michigan Hospitals},
	volume = {18},
	number = {15-17},
	year = {1982},
	author = {Williams, D.R.}
}
