@article {559316,
	title = {Ambient Temperature and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in the United States},
	journal = {Epidemiology},
	volume = {28},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017 Sep},
	pages = {728-734},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. While thermal stress is implicated in many risk factors for SIDS, the association between ambient temperature and SIDS remains unclear.

METHODS: We obtained daily individual-level infant mortality data and outdoor temperature data from 1972 to 2006 for 210 US cities. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover analysis to determine the effect of ambient temperature on the risk of SIDS by season. We stratified the analysis by race, infant age, and climate.

RESULTS: There were a total of 60,364 SIDS cases during our study period. A 5.6{\textdegree}C (10{\textdegree}F) higher daily temperature on the same day was associated with an increased SIDS risk of 8.6\% (95\% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6\%, 13.8\%) in the summer, compared with a 3.1\% decrease (95\% CI = -5.0\%, -1.3\%) in the winter. Summer risks were greater among black infants (18.5\%; 95\% CI = 9.3\%, 28.5\%) than white infants (3.6\%; 95\% CI = -2.3\%, 9.9\%), and among infants 3-11 months old (16.9\%; 95\% CI = 8.9\%, 25.5\%) than infants 0-2 months old (2.7\%; 95\% CI = -3.5\%, 9.2\%). The temperature-SIDS association was stronger in climate clusters in the Midwest and surrounding northern regions.

CONCLUSIONS: Temperature increases were associated with an elevated risk of SIDS in the summer, particularly among infants who were black, 3 months old and older, and living in the Midwest and surrounding northern regions.},
	issn = {1531-5487},
	doi = {10.1097/EDE.0000000000000703},
	author = {Jhun, Iny and Mata, Douglas A and Nordio, Francesco and Mihye Lee and Schwartz, Joel and Antonella Zanobetti}
}
