@book {655622,
	title = {Naval Warfare and Maritime Conflict in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mediterranean},
	year = {2021},
	publisher = {Ancient Warfare. Leiden: Brill},
	organization = {Ancient Warfare. Leiden: Brill},
	abstract = {
	In Naval Warfare and Maritime Conflict in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mediterranean, Jeffrey P. Emanuel examines the evidence for maritime violence in the Mediterranean region during both the Late Bronze Age and the tumultuous transition to the Early Iron Age in the years surrounding the turn of the 12th century BCE.\&nbsp;



	There has traditionally been little differentiation between the methods of armed conflict engaged in during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, on both the coasts and the open seas, while polities have been alternately characterized as legitimate martial actors and as state sponsors of piracy. By utilizing material, documentary, and iconographic evidence and delineating between the many forms of armed conflict, Emanuel provides an up-to-date assessment not only of the nature and frequency of warfare, raiding, piracy, and other forms of maritime conflict in the Late Bronze Age and Late Bronze-Early Iron Age transition, but also of the extent to which modern views about this activity remain the product of inference and speculation.



	Emanuel, Jeffrey P. 2020. Naval Warfare and Maritime Conflict in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mediterranean\&nbsp;(monograph). Ancient Warfare Series, Volume 2; Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, Volume: 117. Leiden: Brill.



	\&nbsp;



	Review Excerpt



	
		All in all, the author has presented a truly profound study that examines the source material in an almost encyclopedic manner and interprets it lucidly with the question of the role and consequences of maritime conflicts. ...[E]ven what is known gains new nuances and aspects that are of interest not only to Bronze Age specialists through its confident classification in power-political contexts, the cross-epoch overview and the always carefully considered discussion of research.
	

	
		{\textendash}\&nbsp;R. J. Schulz,\&nbsp;Ancient West \&amp; East 22 (2023), 353
	



	\&nbsp;


	\&nbsp;

},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/title/54943},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {655878,
	title = {Sea Raiders in the Amarna Letters? The Men of Arwad and the Mi{\v s}i in Context},
	journal = {Altorientalische Forschungen},
	volume = {47},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1-14},
	abstract = {The Amarna corpus contains several references to maritime conflict and related activities in the 14th century BCE, including blockades, the movement of troops, the capturing of ships at sea, and seaborne evacuation. While most of these are encountered in the context of conflicts between Levantine polities, there are clear references to what might on the one hand be called piracy, but on the other hand either acts of naval warfare or naval elements of a larger war effort, on both land and sea. This paper considers the martial maritime activities discussed in the Amarna letters, with particular emphasis on two uniquely controversial groups mentioned in this corpus in the context of maritime violence: the {\textquoteleft}ships of the men of the city of Arwad{\textquoteright} and the {\textquoteleft}mi{\v s}i-men.{\textquoteright} While the men of Arwad are identified with a polity on the Phoenician coast, they are referred to only by this collective term, even when mentioned in lists that otherwise contain only rulers. The mi{\v s}i, on the other hand, are not associated with any specific name or toponym. The purpose of this study is to identify just what can be determined about the roles and affiliations of these two groups in their Amarna context in this period.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {646240,
	title = {Augmented Reality and the Harvard Yard Archaeology Project},
	booktitle = {Revolution: 2020 Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Boston, MA, January 8-11},
	year = {2020},
	address = {Presenter in "Harvard Yard Archaeology Forum" session},
	abstract = {Harvard Yard Archaeology Project is a university museum, academic and community focused effort with special attention to the 17th-century educational institution. Years of investigation in the Yard highlight remarkable artifacts, features, public archaeology, and more recently, digital methods. Project stories contribute to local archaeology and broader significance in the archaeology of colonial institutions, health, and indigenous education. Recent field findings and demonstrations of digital archaeology come together from student contributors and study partners. Examples include GIS data visualization and analysis, 3D imaging, a web-based interpretative and data access platform, and an augmented reality application. The theme of heritage issues on campus and within community archaeology anchors discussion.Panelists: Patricia Capone (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University),\&nbsp;Diana Loren (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University), Wade Campbell (Dept of Anthropology, Harvard University), Jeff Emanuel (Academic Technology, Harvard University), Diana Gerberich (Harvard University), Jeremy Guillette (Academic Technology, Harvard University), Christina Hodge (Stanford University), Sarah Johnson (Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University), Nam Kim (Dept of Anthropology, Harvard University), John Stubbs (The Paideia School; and Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University), Paul Tamburro (Dept of Anthropology, Harvard University), Alex McQuilling (Harvard University)},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {645878,
	title = {Seafaring},
	booktitle = {Joint Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) and the Society for Classical Studies (SCS), Washington, DC, January 3-5},
	year = {2020},
	address = {Respondent in session "Imagining Islands, Meditating on Mainlands"},
	abstract = {This workshop will adopt a forum format to explore the construction of island identities in relation to mainland identities in the Iron Age Mediterranean. This topic is the focus of a major new project based at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, UK. The project involves the archaeological investigation of island identities on Cyprus, Crete, and Sardinia during the period ca. 1100{\textendash}600 B.C.E., and will culminate in a large-scale exhibition in September 2021.The aim of this workshop session is to kick-start the project with a radical and open exchange of ideas, adopting a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective to develop new approaches to the topic. It will begin with the presentation of a case study{\textemdash}that of Cyprus and Cilicia. Subsequent speakers will respond to this, and workshop participants will be encouraged to use the example case as a jumping off point to explore other instances and broader implications.The workshop will be moderated by project{\textquoteright}s P.I. and Lead Curator.Moderators: Anastasia Christofilopoulou, University of Cambridge, and Nao{\'\i}se Mac Sweeney, University of LeicesterPanelists: Jo Quinn, University of Oxford, Marian Feldman, Johns Hopkins University, Evi Margaritis, The Cyprus Institute, Jana Mokrisova, Birkbeck College, University of London, Louise Hitchcock, The University of Melbourne, and Jeffrey P. Emanuel, Harvard University},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {641920,
	title = {The Harvard Yard Archaeology Project: From Analog Past to Digital (AR) Future},
	booktitle = {Digitorium 2019, Tuscaloosa, AL, Oct. 10-12},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {Since the turn of the millennium, students in the Harvard College course Anthropology 1130 {\textquotedblleft}The Archaeology of Harvard Yard{\textquotedblright} have participated in a biennial excavation of a portion of Harvard Yard, the center of America{\textquoteright}s oldest college. The course includes excavation, conservation, analysis, and cataloguing of material finds, many of which are displayed by the Peabody Museum for Archaeology and Ethnology in an exhibit called {\textquotedblleft}Digging Veritas.{\textquotedblright}\&nbsp;In the 2016 field season, the Peabody Museum and Harvard{\textquoteright}s Academic Technology group partnered to integrate digital methods into the excavation process and the course. This began by gathering geospatial and photogrammetric data from the excavation, by building 3D models of the excavation trenches, and by developing and supporting an Omeka site for images and {\textquotedblleft}object biographies{\textquotedblright} of key finds. This partnership has since focused on the development of an Augmented Reality (AR) application that will help accomplish the public archaeology and cultural heritage missions of the excavation and exhibit by enabling the public {\textendash} physically at Harvard Yard or around the world {\textendash} to interact with the excavation and its results, and to learn about the early history of American higher education, including its multicultural nature and the experiences of the students who lived it.\&nbsp;This presentation discusses the purpose of the excavations and the integration of digital methods, lessons learned, and future prospects, and offers a hands-on demonstration of the AR application for use and feedback.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {641919,
	title = {Advancing Digital Methodology in Teaching, Learning, and Research: A Networked Approach},
	booktitle = {Digitorium 2019, Tuscaloosa, AL, Oct. 10-12},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {Recent years have seen an increase in digital scholarship, in digital methods-related courses, and in the integration of digital components into courses and assignments. At Harvard, the latter has been encouraged through the Digital Teaching Fellow, or DiTF, program, an initiative to support the thoughtful redesigning of courses to support the integration of digital methods and tools into learning objectives and curricula. With no formal {\textquotedblleft}digital scholarship center,{\textquotedblright} {\textquotedblleft}digital humanities center,{\textquotedblright} or other formal support structure, the challenge of providing necessary support for these increases in digital methods and tools was met by a group of key role players from around the university.\&nbsp;Beginning as an informal gathering, this supporting cast has developed into the Digital Scholarship Support Group, or DSSG, a decentralized network that strives to foster the acquisition of digital literacy and the use of digital methods and tools in teaching, learning, and research. Its members, which represent multiple disparate departments, centers, and organizations across Harvard, take a {\textquotedblleft}no wrong door{\textquotedblright} approach to supporting and furthering digital scholarship, working together to provide the University community with a single point of entry to the resources available to them.\&nbsp;A core focus of the DSSG is providing greatly-in-demand training to students, teaching fellows, faculty, and staff. The DSSG{\textquoteright}s training seminars focus on the fundamentals of digital scholarship, on the integration of digital tools and methods into pedagogy, and on specific genres of tools and methods (for example, Visualization), and each is re-thought and redesigned based on the feedback of previous participants.\&nbsp;A key DSSG offering is the Digital Teaching Methods seminar. Initially created to train the aforementioned DiTFs, this workshop focuses on the learning goal{\textendash}based integration of digital tools and methods into pedagogical approaches, providing hands-on introductions in the context of specific pedagogical examples and use cases. Unlike many {\textquoteleft}teaching with technology{\textquoteright}{\textendash}related efforts that focus on specific tools or on the digital genre in general, the DSSG{\textquoteright}s approach emphasizes using technology to enhance learning, addressing both the practical mechanics of employing these tools and approaches and the pedagogical needs that they serve.This presentation focuses on the impetus for the DSSG{\textquoteright}s formation and persistence, the iteratively-developed and user-focused nature of its activities, and future prospects in the digital scholarship space, with an emphasis on the pedagogical advances and support made available by the group{\textquoteright}s efforts.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {639697,
	title = {First Annual Boston-Area Digital Scholarship Symposium},
	journal = {[Organizer]},
	year = {2019},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	abstract = {The First Annual Boston Area Digital Scholarship Symposium brings together scholars from the greater Boston area to share their work in digital scholarship in the form of talks, panel discussions, and poster presentations. The focus of the 2019 symposium is "Institutional Models of Collaborative Support."},
	url = {https://atg.fas.harvard.edu/news/huit-academic-technology-and-colleagues-host-first-annual-boston-area-digital},
	author = {Rashmi Singhal and Martin Schreiner and Cole Crawford and Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {637949,
	title = {Nurturing Talent to Nurture Success: Enabling Experiential Learning Opportunities Across Harvard},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Harvard University President{\textquoteright}s Administrative Innovation Fund, $15,000},
	abstract = {"Nurturing Talent to Nurture Success: Enabling Experiential Learning Opportunities Across Harvard" is a\&nbsp;pilot project to create formal processes and structures for finding, filling, and assessing experiential learning opportunities for staff, such as:{\textbullet} 80/20 or 90/10{\textbullet} Job exchange or rotation{\textbullet} Shadowing a team on a large projectWe will centralize these opportunities through the creation of a {\textquotedblleft}job board{\textquotedblright} website, along with forms, templates, best practices, procedures, and assessments. By formalizing these processes, we make learning opportunities available in a systematic, transparent, and equitable manner across the University.In addition, we will promote the development of shared expectations between staff and host departments, which is critical to the success of experiential learning and difficult to achieve in an ad hoc environment. Finally, formalizing these processes will allow for assessment {\textendash} we will be able to measure who is offering and who is taking advantage of these opportunities, how well they are working for both staff and departments, and what gaps still exist.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/40711235/Nurturing_Talent_to_Nurture_Success_Enabling_Experiential_Learning_Opportunities_Across_Harvard},
	author = {Kris M. Markman and Jessica Rios and Renee DeBlois and Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {632962,
	title = {Brian Janeway, Sea Peoples of the Northern Levant? Aegean-Style Pottery from Early Iron Age Tell Tayinat},
	journal = {American Journal of Archaeology},
	volume = {123},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:Did an invasion of the Sea Peoples cause the collapse of the Late Bronze Age palace-based economies of the Levant, as well as of the Hittite Empire? Renewed excavations at Tell Tayinat in southeast Turkey are shedding new light on the critical transitional phase of the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age (ca. 1200{\textendash}1000 B.C.), a period that in the Northern Levant has until recently been considered a {\textquotedblleft}Dark Age,{\textquotedblright} due in large part to the few extant textual sources relating to its history. However, recently discovered epigraphic data from both the site and the surrounding region suggest the formation of an Early Iron Age kingdom that fused Hieroglyphic Luwian monumental script with a strong component of Aegeanizing cultural elements. The capital of this putative/erstwhile kingdom appears to have been located at Tell Tayinat in the Amuq Valley.More specifically, this formal stylistic analysis examines a distinctive painted pottery known as Late Helladic IIIC found at the site of Tayinat during several seasons of excavation. The assemblage includes examples of Aegean-style bowls, kraters, and amphorae bearing an array of distinctive decorative features. A key objective of the study distinguishes Aegean stylistic characteristics both in form and in painted motifs from those inspired by the indigenous culture.Drawing on a wide range of parallels from Philistia through the Levant, Anatolia, the Aegean Sea, the Greek Mainland, and Cyprus, this research begins to fill a longstanding lacuna in the Amuq Valley and attempts to correlate with major historical and cultural trends in the Northern Levant and beyond.\&nbsp;},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/39776255/Sea_Peoples_of_the_Northern_Levant_Aegean-Style_Pottery_from_Early_Iron_Age_Tell_Tayinat_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {611957,
	title = {Entangled Sea(faring): Reconsidering the Connection between the Ships of the Sea Peoples, the Aegean, and {\textquoteright}Urnfield{\textquoteright} Europe},
	booktitle = {The Entangled Sea: The Mediterranean Sea in Ancient History and Prehistory},
	year = {2019},
	address = {University of Manchester, June 12{\textendash}13},
	abstract = {The naval battle representation on the walls of Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteleft}mansion of a million years{\textquoteright} at Medinet Habu (ca. 1175 BCE) stands as one of the earliest, and certainly most detailed, depictions of ship{\textendash}to{\textendash}ship combat. It also depicts the only known vessels of Helladic galley type to be depicted with stem{\textendash}and{\textendash}stern avian decoration. As such, they have been called upon as evidence for the inclusion of Central Europeans ({\textquoteleft}Urnfielders{\textquoteright}) in the Sea Peoples coalition(s), and {\textendash} more recursively {\textendash} to bolster the view that the highly schematic designs on the stemposts of Helladic galleys were avian in nature. This paper addresses these conclusions and evaluates the evidence that has been presented for an {\textquoteleft}Urnfield{\textquoteright} connection to the Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} ships, along with some notes on the ostensibly avian nature of Helladic galleys{\textquoteright} finial decorations.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {609158,
	title = {Peter M. Fischer \&amp; Teresa B{\"u}rge (eds.), {\textquoteright}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} Up-to-Date: New Research on Transformation in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries BCE},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research},
	volume = {381},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {246-248},
	abstract = {
	Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:\&nbsp;



	This volume presents the outcomes of the European Science Foundation workshop {\textquotedblleft}Sea Peoples{\textquotedblright} Up-to-Date. New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th{\textendash}11th Centuries BCE, which took place in November 2014 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna. It offers up-to-date research on the Sea Peoples phenomenon during the so called {\textquotedblleft}crisis years{\textquotedblright} at the end of the Bronze Age.



	This period encompasses dramatic changes in the political and cultural landscape of mainly the Eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BCE and most of the 12th century BCE. In geographical terms, these changes are noticeable in a vast area stretching from the Italian peninsula over the Balkans, the Aegean, Anatolia and Cyprus, to the Levant and Egypt.



	The term {\textquotedblleft}Sea Peoples phenomenon{\textquotedblright} should be considered as an encompassing term, which {\textendash} in addition to the written records on hostile activities of various ethnic groups in the Eastern Mediterranean {\textendash} is synonymous with the effect of this turbulent period as reflected in the material remains. As a consequence, these events ended the Late Bronze Age, the first period of {\textquotedblleft}internationalism{\textquotedblright} in human history. The papers are presented in five sections: {\textquotedblleft}Overviews: From Italy to the Levant{\textquotedblright}; {\textquotedblleft}Climate and Radiocarbon{\textquotedblright}; {\textquotedblleft}Theoretical Approaches on Destruction, Migration and Transformation of Cultures{\textquotedblright}; {\textquotedblleft}Case Studies: Cyprus, Cilicia and the Northern and Southern Levant{\textquotedblright}; and {\textquotedblleft}Material Studies{\textquotedblright}.



	The reader of this volume gains insights into very complex changes during this period. It will become clear that these changes manifest themselves over decades and not years, and include numerous underlying factors: One single wave of migration, one general military campaign and other simple explanations should be dismissed. The breakdown of Late Bronze Age societies and the transformative processes that followed in its wake occurred in a vast area but they are mirrored in differing ways at local levels.

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/39776228/Sea_Peoples_Up-to-Date_New_Research_on_Transformation_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_in_the_13th-11th_Centuries_BCE_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@inbook {325736,
	title = {Seafaring and Shipwreck Archaeology },
	booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {423-433},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {
	Perhaps no civilization in history is as associated with the sea as the Phoenicians, whose ships and seafaring ability allowed them to travel, trade, and establish colonies across the Mediterranean. Search and survey operations in the Mediterranean have resulted in the discovery of a limited number of Canaanite, Phoenician, and Punic shipwrecks, which have been found in both deep and shallow water. These assemblages provide valuable evidence of this culture{\textquoteright}s critical maritime component, improving our knowledge and understanding of Phoenician and Punic seafaring, while also helping us better understand the written accounts we do possess about these mariners and their activities. Within the last decade in particular, the excavation of the shipwreck at Bajo de la Campana (Spain) has shed new light on Phoenician seafaring and ship construction, while the discovery of the Xlendi Gozo wreck (Malta) has provided new evidence for Phoenician activity in the central Mediterranean. Survey and excavation off the northwest coast of Sicily, in turn, has provided a remarkable material counterpart to the textual evidence for the events at the end of the First Punic War. When combined with the deep-water wrecks off the coast of Ashkelon and the smaller, locally oriented wrecks off the coast of Mazarr{\'o}n (Spain), a more coherent {\textemdash} albeit still very incomplete {\textemdash} picture of Phoenician and Punic activity begins to take shape.



	Emanuel, Jeffrey P. 2019. "Seafaring and Shipwreck Archaeology." In\&nbsp;C. L{\'o}pez-Ruiz\&nbsp;and B. Doak, eds.\&nbsp;The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. London:\&nbsp;Oxford University Press, 423-433.

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/40197955/Seafaring_and_Shipwreck_Archaeology},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {C. L{\'o}pez-Ruiz and B. Doak}
}
@booklet {632963,
	title = {Donald B. Redford, The Medinet Habu Records of the Foreign Wars of Ramesses III},
	journal = {Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {75-78},
	abstract = {Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:The Medinet Habu Records of the Foreign Wars of Ramesses III\&nbsp;is a new translation and commentary of the Textual record of Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s military activity. As such it dwells heavily upon the inscriptions dealing with Libyans and Sea Peoples. Since the format is oral formulaic, the texts are scanned and rendered as lyric. The new insights into the period covered by the inscriptions leads to a new appraisal of the identity of Egypt{\textquoteright}s enemies, as well as events surrounding the activity of the Sea Peoples. The exercise is not intended to dismiss, but rather to complement the archaeological evidence.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/38507661/The_Medinet_Habu_Records_of_the_Foreign_Wars_of_Ramesses_III_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@inbook {622054,
	title = {Differentiating Naval Warfare and Piracy in the Late Bronze {\textendash} Early Iron Age Mediterranean: Possibility or Pipe Dream?},
	booktitle = {Change, Continuity, and Connectivity: North-Eastern Mediterranean at the Turn of the Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {68-80},
	publisher = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	organization = {Harrassowitz Verlag},
	abstract = {
	The difference between warfare and piracy, particularly when it comes to naval conflict in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean, has been in need of theoretical attention for some time. While both terms are frequently used, the acts themselves remain imprecisely delineated. This paper endeavors to begin the process of exploring to just what degree that is possible.



	Emanuel. Jeffrey P. 2018. "Differentiating Naval Warfare and Piracy in the Late Bronze {\textendash} Early Iron Age Mediterranean: Possibility or Pipe Dream?" In\&nbsp;L. Niesiolowski-Spano \&amp; M. W{\k e}cowski, eds. Change, Continuity, and Connectivity: North-Eastern Mediterranean at the Turn of the Bronze Age and in the Early Iron Age. Contributions to the Study of Ancient World Cultures 118.\&nbsp;Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,\&nbsp;68-80.

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/37478505/Differentiating_Naval_Warfare_and_Piracy_in_the_Late_Bronze_Early_Iron_Age_Mediterranean_Possibility_or_Pipe_Dream},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {L. Niesiolowski-Spano and M. W{\k e}cowski}
}
@article {612221,
	title = {Building Sustainable Digital Scholarship Support at Harvard},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard University Library S.T. Lee Innovation Grant, $19,950 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {This grant supports on a series of initiatives designed to improve support for Digital Scholarship at Harvard, by providing opportunities for students, faculty, and staff to acquire digital skills and support their efforts to apply them in research and curricular contexts.
In particular, it supports the expansion of the Library{\textquoteright}s role in Digital Scholarship through the development of a sustainable, scalable training program in digital methods for its staff.
This expansion aligns with the Harvard Library objectives for delivering innovative and programmatic support for Research, Teaching and Learning in delivering innovative and programmatic support for learning and research in partnership with faculty and other research and pedagogical support organizations.},
	author = {Gabriel Pizzorno and Martin Schreiner and Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {612220,
	title = {Hedera: A Personalized Vocabulary Database and Readability Gauge},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard University Foreign Language Advisory Group (FLAG) Development Grant, $2,500 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {Hedera\&nbsp;facilitates the application of second language acquisition research to teaching and learning by enabling users to maintain custom lists of known vocabulary and analyzing texts to see what percentage of words the user knows. A prototype of Hedera is being developed for Latin in order to create readable texts for beginning Latin students and to facilitate Latin teachers{\textquoteright} selection of passages for reading and assessment.},
	author = {Mark Schiefsky and Ivy Livingston and Rebecca M Brown and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and William F Barthelmy}
}
@article {612218,
	title = {Hedera: A Personalized Vocabulary Database and Readability Gauge},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard University Barajas Dean{\textquoteright}s Innovation Fund for Digital Arts and Humanities, $12,000 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {Hedera\&nbsp;facilitates the application of second language acquisition research to teaching and learning by enabling users to maintain custom lists of known vocabulary and analyzing texts to see what percentage of words the user knows. A prototype of Hedera is being developed for Latin in order to create readable texts for beginning Latin students and to facilitate Latin teachers{\textquoteright} selection of passages for reading and assessment.},
	author = {Mark Schiefsky and Ivy Livingston and Rebecca M Brown and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and William F Barthelmy}
}
@inbook {611998,
	title = {Stitching Together Technology for the Digital Humanities with the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF)},
	booktitle = {Digital Humanities, Libraries, and Partnerships},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {125-135},
	publisher = {Chandos Elsevier},
	organization = {Chandos Elsevier},
	abstract = {
	The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) is a set of common APIs developed to provide access to digital visual material from libraries, museums, and other repositories without the all-too-frequent need for a common viewing application. By using a common framework to collaborate across institutional silos, Harvard has leveraged the promise of IIIF in multiple functional areas, supporting the adoption of a new Harvard Library Viewer, walls of images in the Harvard Art Museums, and image collections embedded in Canvas and in massive open online courses from HarvardX{\textemdash}all in high resolution, and with unprecedented interactivity.



	Emanuel, Jeffrey P.\&nbsp;2018. "Stitching Together Technology for the Digital Humanities with the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF)." In\&nbsp;K. Joranson and\&nbsp;R. Kear, eds.\&nbsp;Digital Humanities, Libraries, and Partnerships\&nbsp;(Vol. 1) . Oxford: Chandos Elsevier,\&nbsp;125{\textendash}135.

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/36154169/Stitching_Together_Technology_for_the_Digital_Humanities_With_the_International_Image_Interoperability_Framework_IIIF_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {K. Joranson and R. Kear}
}
@article {611996,
	title = {Harvard Yard Archaeology Project},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard University Information Technology/Faculty of Arts and Sciences (HUIT/FAS) Project Review Board Grant, $25,000 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {For over a decade, sections of Harvard Yard have been opened up every other fall so that students in the College can study the history that lies beneath their feet. The excavation is part of the\&nbsp;Archaeology of Harvard Yard\&nbsp;(ANTH 1130 and 1131),\&nbsp;a two-semester course offered biennially by the Department of Anthropology and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.The Peabody Museum has displayed artifacts\&nbsp;from this excavation\&nbsp;in its\&nbsp;{\textquotedblleft}Digging Veritas{\textquotedblright} exhibit since 2008, and a\&nbsp;recent partnership between Academic Technology for FAS (AT-FAS)\&nbsp;and the\&nbsp;Peabody is bringing the dig to life in a new, technologically-advanced way, using an online exhibition tool (Omeka) and an augmented reality (AR) application that allows users both to view 3D reconstructions of the trenches, and to access student-authored "object biographies" of key finds from the excavation.More information is available at the following links:{\textbullet}\&nbsp;\&nbsp;atg.fas.harvard.edu/hyap{\textbullet}\&nbsp;\&nbsp;bit.ly/HYAPgazette{\textbullet}\&nbsp;\&nbsp;bit.ly/HYAPhub\&nbsp;},
	author = {Patricia Capone and Diana Loren and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Alan Wolf}
}
@article {611995,
	title = {Hedera: A Personalized Vocabulary Database and Readability Gauge},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard Initiative in Learning and Teaching (HILT) Targeted Support Grant, $65,332 (Co{\textendash}Investigator)},
	abstract = {Awardees will incorporate more languages and enhanced features into\&nbsp;Hedera, a web application that supports research-based language pedagogy.Hedera\&nbsp;facilitates the application of second language acquisition research to teaching and learning by enabling users to maintain custom lists of known vocabulary and analyzing texts to see what percentage of words the user knows. A prototype of Hedera was built for Latin in order to create readable texts for beginning Latin students.The project team aims to begin incorporating more languages into Hedera, starting with Ancient Greek and Russian. New features include a reading environment, where the user can access their custom glossary, and making the platform adaptive by offering recommended readings as the learner{\textquoteright}s vocabulary grows. The team hopes that Hedera will be adopted by instructors, students, and independent learners.More information is available at the following links:\&bull;\&nbsp;\&nbsp;hilt.harvard.edu/hedera\&bull;\&nbsp;\&nbsp;atg.fas.harvard.edu/hedera},
	author = {Mark Schiefsky and Ivy Livingston and Rebecca M Brown and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and William F Barthelmy}
}
@conference {609023,
	title = {Black Ships and Sea Raiders: History, Archaeology, and Odyssey in the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age Transition},
	year = {2018},
	address = {Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology, Brown University, April 30.},
	abstract = {This lecture was given at the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology (Brown University) on April 30, 2018. The topic is a condensed version of the 2017 book "Black Ships and Sea Raiders: The Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Context of Odysseus{\textquoteright} Second Cretan Lie" (Lanham: Lexington):\&nbsp;https://www.academia.edu/35561019/Black_Ships_and_Sea_Raiders_The_Late_Bronze_and_Early_Iron_Age_Context_of_Odysseus_Second_Cretan_Lie},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/36536382/Black_Ships_and_Sea_Raiders_History_Archaeology_and_Odyssey_in_the_Late_Bronze_Early_Iron_Age_Transition},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {606007,
	title = {Tun{\c c} {\c C}a{\u g}{\i} Sonunda ilk Deniz Sava{\c s}lar{\i} (The Beginning of Naval Warfare and the End of the Bronze Age)},
	journal = {Akt{\"u}el Arkeoloji (Actual Archaeology Magazine)},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {28-39},
	abstract = {Throughout human history, the sea has served as a means of subsistence, transportation, and communication, as well as a place of danger and death. From the time ships first set out with cargo on board, there have probably been pirates lying in ambush either to seize the ships at sea or to attack coastal settlements in search of plunder. This was certainly the case in the Late Bronze Age, even before the chaotic end of this period and beginning of the succeeding Iron Age, around 1200 BC.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/36083738/Tun\%C3\%A7_\%C3\%87a\%C4\%9F\%C4\%B1_Sonunda_ilk_Deniz_Sava\%C5\%9Flar\%C4\%B1_The_Beginning_of_Naval_Warfare_and_the_End_of_the_Bronze_Age_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {602256,
	title = {It Takes a Village: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Supporting and Facilitating Digital Scholarship},
	booktitle = {2018 Digital Initiatives Symposium},
	year = {2018},
	address = {University of San Diego, April 22{\textendash}25},
	abstract = {The continued increase of digital tools and methods in both teaching and research has created a need for initial and ongoing support within institutions. While each institution has its own specific needs, we can learn a great deal from each other{\textquoteright}s approaches and experiences. This presentation offers as a case study Harvard University{\textquoteright}s recent (and ongoing) experience working across groups and divisional boundaries to support digital scholarship, digital methods-related courses, and the integration of digital components into courses and assignments through training, consultation, and the development and implementation of digital tools and methods.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/36511613/It_Takes_a_Village_An_Interdisciplinary_Approach_to_Supporting_and_Facilitating_Digital_Scholarship_Initiatives},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {602251,
	title = {Practice, Publication, and Pedagogy: Exploring Digital Approaches to all Phases of Archaeology},
	journal = {[Session Organizer and Chair]},
	year = {2018},
	address = {Joint Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America and the Society for Classical Studies, Boston, MA, January 4-7},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {572171,
	title = {IIIF Media Management for the Classroom and Beyond},
	booktitle = {Educause Learning Initiative (ELI) Annual Meeting},
	year = {2018},
	address = {New Orleans, LA, January 29{\textendash}31},
	author = {Arthur Barrett and Brandon Bentley and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Michael Hilborn}
}
@article {566051,
	title = {Digital Tools and Techniques for Teaching Archaeology},
	journal = {[Session Organizer and Chair]},
	year = {2018},
	address = {{\textquoteright}Human History and Digital Future,{\textquoteright} the 46th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference (CAA 2018), University of T{\"u}bingen, Germany, March 19-23},
	abstract = {
	The goal of this session is to convene practitioners in a dialogue that is focused on examples of digitally-informed approaches to archaeological instruction in any setting. This can include field schools, workshops, seminars, massive open online courses (MOOCs), and more. Contributions to this session can consist of successful approaches to integrating digital methods into the instruction of archaeology and cultural heritage, either in the classroom, online, or via hybrid methods, as well as lessons learned from approaches that were not as successful as desired.



	This session is partly planned as a follow-up to the CAA 2017 session Archaeology In and Out of the Classroom." We envision it as being interactive in nature: paper presentations may be supplemented by demonstrations of digital tools and approaches, and projects that are in the planning or pilot stage, or that are in need of reworking to improve results, can be discussed or workshopped by session participants. The ultimate goals for presenters and attendees alike are to gain better understanding of pedagogical approaches to archaeology, to leave better equipped to intelligently apply digital methods and tools to teaching, and to have made contacts within a community of practice to whom they can go with future ideas, questions, and challenges.

},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {566046,
	title = {Immersive Techniques in Archaeological Practice and Publication},
	journal = {[Session Organizer and Chair]},
	year = {2018},
	address = {{\textquoteright}Human History and Digital Future,{\textquoteright} the 46th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference (CAA 2018), University of T{\"u}bingen, Germany, March 19{\textendash}23},
	abstract = {
	This session focuses on the thoughtful integration of digital methods into the processes of gathering, recording, interrogating, and publishing archaeological data. Digital publications, geospatial datasets, and three-dimensional presentation are examples of interactive approaches to what has been called {\textquotedblleft}digital archaeology.{\textquotedblright} This interactivity can be taken a step further, as approaches like Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, and MR) allow for the fostering of immersive experiences around the reconstruction, visualization, and presentation of archaeological data.



	This session highlights all aspects of digital innovation in the survey, excavation, interrogation, and publication process, with particular emphasis on 3D modeling and printing, data interoperability, and VR, AR, and MR. It is intended both to serve as a follow-up to the CAA 2017 session on 3D modeling, AR/VR, and immersion (chaired by the session proposer), and to foster further discussion about the uses of interactive and immersive technologies both in the field, and in the presentation and analysis of objects and datasets.



	The format of this session will be a combination of interactive presentation and discussion, with a specific emphasis on demonstrations of 3D reconstruction, Virtual/Augmented and Mixed Reality experiences, online presentation, and other interactive and immersive approaches to excavation, recording, and dissemination. Our goal is to cultivate a needed community of practice and shared knowledge around these techniques and approaches, while working together to support the highest quality of digital methods and processes in archaeological practice.

},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {548836,
	title = {The Harvard Yard Archaeology Project Experienced in Augmented Reality},
	booktitle = {HUBweek 2017},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Cambridge, MA, Oct. 11},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Alexis Hartford and Brandon Bentley and Luke Hollis}
}
@conference {545051,
	title = {Integrating IIIF and Mirador at Harvard},
	booktitle = {Visual Resources Association (VRA) 34th Annual Conference: Unbridled Opportunities},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Louisville, KY, March 9-April 1},
	author = {Jeff Steward and Rashmi Singhal and Randy Stern and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and V Judson Harward}
}
@conference {545031,
	title = {One Framework to Rule Them All: The Unifying Impact of IIIF on Teaching, Research, Museums, and Libraries at Harvard},
	booktitle = {New Media Consortium (NMC) Summer Conference 2017},
	year = {2017},
	address = {Boston, MA, June 12-15},
	abstract = {The International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) is a set of common APIs developed to provide access to digital visual material from libraries, museums, and other repositories without the all-too-frequent need for a common viewing application. In this session, discover how Harvard has leveraged the promise of IIIF across multiple functional areas, supporting the adoption of a new Harvard Library Viewer, walls of images in the Harvard Art Museums, and image collections embedded in Canvas and in MOOCs from HarvardX {\textemdash} all in high resolution and with unprecedented interactivity.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/33864097/One_Framework_to_Rule_Them_All_The_Unifying_Impact_of_IIIF_on_Teaching_Research_Museums_and_Libraries_at_Harvard},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Arthur Barrett and Jeff Steward and Randy Stern}
}
@article {451711,
	title = {Archaeology In and Out of the Classroom: Digital Approaches to Archaeological Instruction},
	journal = {[Session Organizer and Chair]},
	year = {2017},
	month = {14-16 March},
	address = {{\textquoteright}Digital Archaeologies, Material Worlds (Past and Present),{\textquoteright} the 45th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference (CAA 2017), Georgia State University, March 14-16},
	abstract = {
	The continuous development and adoption digital methods, tools, and technologies is having an impact on virtually every field. In archaeology, these developments affect the way we carry out excavations, conservation, publication, and all of the steps in between. Similarly, technology has become such an ingrained part of teaching and learning that what used to be referred to separately as {\textquotedblleft}teaching with technology{\textquotedblright} has now simply become a part of teaching writ large.



	The convergence between technologically-informed teaching and the practice of archaeology takes place on multiple levels, from introductory instruction to higher-order skills needed for fieldwork and data analysis. Similarly, it is realized through multiple modalities, including in person {\textendash} in the field and in the classroom {\textendash} and online, as well as in a hybrid form consisting of classroom/field and classroom/online combinations.



	The goal of this session is to convene practitioners in a dialogue that is focused on examples of digitally-informed approaches to archaeological instruction in any setting, from seminars to massive open online courses (MOOCs) to field workshops, etc. To that end, we invite contributions that speak to the application of digital methods to the teaching of archaeology as a subject and as a practice. These contributions can consist of successful approaches to integrating digital methods into the instruction of archaeology and cultural heritage, either in the classroom, online, or via hybrid methods, as well as lessons learned from less successful approaches.



	We envision this as an interactive session: paper presentations may be supplemented by demonstrations of digital tools and approaches, and projects that are in the planning or pilot stage, or that are in need of reworking to improve results, can be discussed or {\textquoteleft}workshopped{\textquoteright} by session participants, with the ultimate goal of gaining a better understanding of, and becoming better equipped to intelligently apply, digital methods and tools to the teaching of archaeology.

},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {451706,
	title = {From Physical to Digital, from Interactive to Immersive: Uses of Three-Dimensional Representation, Mixed Reality, and More in the Sharing and Exploration of Archaeological Data},
	journal = {[Session Organizer and Chair]},
	year = {2017},
	month = {14-16 March},
	address = {{\textquoteright}Digital Archaeologies, Material Worlds (Past and Present),{\textquoteright} the 45th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference (CAA 2017), Georgia State University, March 14-16},
	abstract = {
	Innovations in digital recording have caused the amount of data collected during modern archaeological excavations to dwarf that collected only a few years ago {\textendash} let alone in the excavations of the previous century. The thoughtful integration of digital methods into the process (from excavation to publication) can assist in more complete recording and, just as importantly, meaningful presentation and dissemination of these data. The integration into the digital picture of data from prior excavations and campaign seasons, which may have been recorded in different formats and following different methodologies, is also important.



	Digital publications, geospatial datasets, and 3D printed objects are examples of interactive approaches to this problem. This is can be taken a step further with immersion, as modern approaches like Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality allow us to create truly immersive experiences around the reconstruction, visualization, and presentation of data.



	In archaeology, interaction and immersion can serve at least two purposes: (1) exhibition and display, which can include the digital supplements to publications and exhibits, physical reconstruction and replication, and virtual reconstruction of sites and artifacts, including those that no longer physically exist; and (2) the close examination of live datasets, which can run the gamut from database queries to the 3D rendering of archaeological data in situ for the purpose of discovery, analysis, and information sharing. Archaeological data in particular are well{\textendash}suited to Augmented and Virtual Reality for both presentation and dataset exploration, as GIS points and associated finds, which are inherently three{\textendash}dimensional, connote possible shapes, models, and textures.



	This session is intended to foster discussion about the uses of interactive and immersive technologies both in the field, and in the presentation and analysis of objects and datasets. Its format will be a combination of interactive presentation and discussion, with a specific emphasis on demonstrations of 3D reconstruction, Virtual/Augmented and Mixed Reality experiences, online presentation, and other interactive and immersive approaches to excavation, recording, and dissemination. Our goal is to cultivate the community of practice and shared knowledge around these techniques and approaches, while working together to support the highest quality of research and dissemination of archaeological data in this digital age.

},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@book {442716,
	title = {Black Ships and Sea Raiders: The Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age Context of Odysseus{\textquoteright} Second Cretan Lie},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	publisher = {Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Lexington Books},
	organization = {Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Lexington Books},
	abstract = {
	The Late Bronze Age ended with a bang in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean: palaces and empires collapsed, from Greece to Egypt; coastal territories were beset by pirates and marauders; migratory peoples were on the move across land and sea; and geopolitical lines were permanently redrawn {\textendash} conditions reflected, in many ways, by the world portrayed in Homer{\textquoteright}s Odyssey. The notorious {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples,{\textquoteright} mysterious groups of warriors who were credited by the pharaoh Ramesses III with destroying empires across the Near East at this time, fit into this puzzle in some way, although their exact role continues to be hotly debated. In the Odyssey{\textquoteright}s various subplots, Odysseus himself carries out activities that are that highly reminiscent of the Sea Peoples, as he engages in raids and skirmishes while circuitously making his way back from Troy. Though it is presented as a falsehood within Homer{\textquoteright}s master narrative, one such subplot, the {\textquotedblleft}Second Cretan Lie{\textquotedblright} (Odyssey xiv 191{\textendash}359) is striking in its similarity to the experience of one specific Sea Peoples group, whom Egyptian pharaohs referred to as the {\textquoteleft}Sherden of the Sea{\textquoteright}, and whose seaborne attacks they claimed that {\textquotedblleft}none could withstand.{\textquotedblright}



	This book marshals documentary, pictorial, and material evidence to examine Odysseus{\textquoteright} Second Cretan Lie in the context of the Late Bronze{\textendash}Iron Age transition, with particular emphasis on changes in the iconography of warriors and warfare, social and economic upheaval, and remarkable innovation in maritime technology and tactics. Particular focus is given the hero{\textquoteright}s description of his frequent raiding activities, including an ill{\textendash}fated attempt on the Nile Delta, and on his description of seven subsequent years spent in the land of the pharaohs, during which he claims to have gathered great wealth. Setting the evidence for the Sherden of the Sea against this Homeric narrative demonstrates not only that Odysseus{\textquoteright} Second Cretan Lie fits into the temporal framework of the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition, but that there were historical people who actually lived that which Odysseus falsely claims as his own experience.\&nbsp;



	
		
			Emanuel, Jeffrey P. 2017. Black Ships and Sea Raiders: The Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age Context of Odysseus{\textquoteright} Second Cretan Lie\&nbsp;(monograph). Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Lanham: Rowman \&amp; Littlefield.
		

		
	  
    
      
    
  
  
  
	
		
	

},
	url = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498572217/Black-Ships-and-Sea-Raiders-The-Late-Bronze-and-Early-Iron-Age-Context-of-Odysseus\%E2\%80\%99-Second-Cretan-Lie},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@manuascript {414626,
	title = {Americas to 1500 CE},
	journal = {The Encyclopedia of the Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, Trade},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {210-215},
	publisher = {Santa Barbara: ABC{\textendash}CLIO},
	abstract = {The Americas feature perhaps the richest range of prehistoric craft to have survived through history, with adapted versions of some aboriginal vessels remaining in use to this day, particularly off the coasts of Peru, Brazil, and Chile in South America. Because of the longevity of many American watercraft, the primary source of information on pre-Columbian seafaring, the corpus of drawings and descriptions provided by Europeans (primarily in the 18th and 19th centuries CE), is remarkably informative about prehistoric vessel types and their uses.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/19649438/Americas_Before_1500},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {S. K. Stein}
}
@manuascript {414611,
	title = {Homer},
	journal = {The Encyclopedia of the Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, Trade},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {31-34},
	publisher = {Santa Barbara, ABC{\textendash}CLIO},
	abstract = {Homer is the name given to a Greek figure credited with composing the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey\&nbsp;{\textendash} monumental works that ancient Greeks viewed as cornerstones of their civilization. The identity, date, and very existence of an individual named Homer are no more clearly understood or agreed upon by modem scholars than they were by the ancients. Homeric poetry or Homeric epic is a product of lengthy oral tradition, and elements of the epics variously reflect periods from the Bronze Age to the Archaic period of ancient Greece-a span of several centuries between the 13th century and the eighth century BCE.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/19649413/Homer},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {S. K. Stein}
}
@manuascript {414621,
	title = {Sea Peoples},
	journal = {The Encyclopedia of the Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, Trade},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {22-24},
	publisher = {Santa Barbara: ABC{\textendash}CLIO},
	abstract = {The "Sea Peoples" are best known from Egyptian records of the 13th and 12th centuries BCE, where they are portrayed as foreign invaders who laid waste to empires across the Near East in the years surrounding the tumultuous transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The groups who collectively comprise the Sea Peoples, rendered in Egyptian as "Denyen," "Ekwesh," "Lukka," "Peleset" (the biblical Philistines), "Shekelesh," "Sherden," "Sikils" ( or "Tjekker"), " Teresh," and "Weshesh," primarily appear individually and in various combinations in the records of the pharaohs Ramesses II (ruled 1279-1213 BCE), Memeptah (1213- 1203 BCE), and Ramesses III (1183-1153 BCE), as well as in multiple texts from the Syrian trading emporium of Ugarit.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/19649431/Sea_Peoples},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {S. K. Stein}
}
@article {382186,
	title = {Open, Online, and Blended: Transactional Interactions with MOOC Content by Learners in Three Different Course Formats},
	journal = {Online Learning},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {1-25},
	abstract = {During the 2013-14 academic year, Harvard University piloted the use of MOOCs as tools for blended learning in select undergraduate and graduate residential and online courses. One of these courses, The Ancient Greek Hero, combined for{\textendash}credit (Harvard College and Harvard Extension School) and open online (HarvardX) groups into a single online unit, marking the first time the same instance of a MOOC was used simultaneously by both tuition{\textendash}paying, credit{\textendash}seeking students and non{\textendash}paying, non{\textendash}credit students enrolled exclusively online. In this article, we analyze and compare the online behavior of students and participants in the three groups that simultaneously participated in The Ancient Greek Hero via the edX platform. We find that, in similar fashion to a traditional learning setting, students enrolled in all three versions of the course engaged the online content in a transactional way, spending their time and effort on activities and exercises in ways that would optimize their desired outcomes. While user behavior was diverse, HarvardX participant engagement tended to be either very deep or virtually nonexistent, while College and Extension School students displayed relatively homogenous patterns of participation, viewing most of the content but interacting mostly with that which affected their overall course grades. Ultimately, we conclude that educators who intend to utilize MOOC content in an effort to apply blended learning techniques to their classrooms should carefully consider how best to incorporate each online element into their overall pedagogical strategy, including how to incentivize interaction with those elements. Further, for MOOCs to have maximum impact, they must address multiple learner motivations and provide participants with multiple modes of interaction with the content and with their peers.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/33851923/Open_Online_and_Blended_Transactional_Interactions_with_MOOC_Content_by_Learners_in_Three_Different_Course_Formats},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Anne Lamb}
}
@manuascript {227331,
	title = {Balsa},
	journal = {The Encyclopedia of the Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, Trade},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017},
	pages = {213},
	publisher = {ABC{\textendash}CLIO},
	address = {Santa Barbara},
	abstract = {
	The term "balsa" (Spanish for "raft") encompasses a range of watercraft employed\&nbsp;in modern Ecuador, Peru, and Chile from Pre-Columbian times to the present.

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/10142640/Balsa},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {S. K. Stein}
}
@article {611994,
	title = {IIIF-Compliant Scholars{\textquoteright} Workspace for Visual Material (Planning Grant)},
	year = {2016},
	publisher = {Inaugural Harvard University Information Technology {\textquoteleft}Small Ask{\textquoteright} Grant, $26,000 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {Planning Phase for a IIIF-Compliant Scholars{\textquoteright} Workspace for Visual Material.The goal of this project is to develop requirements and strategic recommendations for a unified approach to the implementation of an International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF)-compliant\&nbsp;online workspace that will enable faculty, students, and researchers to collect, store, share, annotate, and arrange high resolution digital images for teaching and research.For more information on the International Image Interoperability Framework (and IIIF\&nbsp;at Harvard), see:Emanuel, J. P. (2018). "Stitching Together Technology for the Digital Humanities With the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF)." In\&nbsp;R. Kear and K.\&nbsp;Joranson (eds.),\&nbsp;Digital Humanities, Libraries, and Partnerships: A Critical Examination of Labor, Networks, and Community. Cambridge: Chandos Elsevier, pp. 125-135.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and V. Judson Harward}
}
@article {611876,
	title = {Sea Peoples in Egyptian Garrisons in Light of Beth Shean, (Re-) Reconsidered},
	journal = {Mediterranean Archaeology},
	volume = {28/29},
	number = {2015/2016},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1-21},
	abstract = {One of the most noteworthy, and most discussed, groups of material finds from Beth-Shean comes from the site{\textquoteright}s Northern Cemetery, where the remains of at least 50 clay anthropoid coffins were uncovered in eleven tombs dating mainly to the 13th and 12th centuries BC. Five of these in particular, from Tombs 66 and 90, are unlike anything known from the corpus of anthropoid coffins in Canaan or the greater Egyptian world.While the view of these coffins as representations of Sea Peoples has fallen out of favour in recent years, this paper argues that this specific coffin group{\textemdash}and site{\textemdash}should be separated from the larger phenomenon of anthropoid coffin burials in Canaan as well as in Egypt and Nubia, and that this iconographic and chronological connection adds to the evidence for a presence of individuals connected to the Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} tradition in the Egyptian garrison at Beth-Shean in the 12th century BC.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/36844705/Sea_Peoples_in_Egyptian_Garrisons_in_Light_of_Beth-Shean_Re-_Reconsidered},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {465631,
	title = {Stitching Together an Institution with IIIF: The Rewards and Challenges of Using IIIF as an Integrating Technology at Harvard},
	booktitle = {IIIF Working Groups Meeting 2016},
	year = {2016},
	month = {19 Oct},
	address = {The Hague},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/29399709/Stitching_Together_an_Institution_with_IIIF_The_Rewards_and_Challenges_of_using_IIIF_as_an_integrating_technology_at_Harvard},
	author = {V. Judson Harward and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Rashmi Singhal and Christopher Morse and Jeff Steward and Randy Stern and Chip Goines and William Stoneman}
}
@article {463011,
	title = {Maritime Worlds Collide: Agents of Transference and the Metastasis of Seaborne Threats at the End of the Bronze Age},
	journal = {Palestine Exploration Quarterly},
	volume = {148},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {265-280},
	abstract = {Primary sources from the end of the Bronze Age have long been read as suggesting a time of chaotic transition, particularly with regard to threats from the sea that the established powers had no means of combatting. While the scale and severity of seaborne attacks seems to have increased in the late 13th century, these were not in themselves new phenomena, as a state of maritime threat seems to have been a constant for coastal polities and mariners in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. However, a combination of internal and external factors in the late 13th and early 12th centuries combined to make these attacks more effective than they had been in the past, and polities more vulnerable to them. These included the rapid spread of improvements in maritime technology, particularly from the Aegean and the Levant, via high{\textendash}intensity {\textquoteleft}zones of transference,{\textquoteright} as well as an increase in the scale of ship{\textendash}based combat operations, due in part to the displacement of people during the Late Bronze Age collapse. This paper addresses this in two parts, beginning with the {\textquoteleft}background{\textquoteright} evidence for a constant state of maritime threat in the centuries leading up to the end of the Bronze Age, and concluding with the {\textquoteleft}foreground{\textquoteright} evidence for zones of transference and the transmission of groundbreaking elements of naval technology in the years surrounding the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/30279391/Maritime_Worlds_Collide_Agents_of_Transference_and_the_Metastasis_of_Seaborne_Threats_at_the_End_of_the_Bronze_Age},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {444121,
	title = {Digital Visual Material: Community{\textendash}Based Interoperability and Interactivity in High Definition},
	booktitle = {2nd International Conference on Art \& Archaeology 2016: Art and Archaeology Strengthened  by Measurement Techniques},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11{\textendash}14 December},
	address = {Jerusalem, Israel},
	abstract = {The rate at which images and objects are being digitized has increased significantly over the last quarter century, while technological developments have improved both quality of and storage of digital material. This, by extension, increases the potential for deeper interaction with digital visual material by the end user, be they a scholar, student, or layperson. However, efforts to share content across institutions (and, in some cases, across repositories within an institution) continue to encounter obstacles. The open source International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) was conceived to address this barrier to the access and sharing of content by developing a community-based protocol for standardized image retrieval that will collaboratively produce both interoperable technology and a common framework for image delivery, without requiring the adoption of any specific software. This paper will lay out the principles and partnership behind IIIF, its application to the wider field of art and archaeology, and a road map for the near-term future, which includes current work on a digital "scholars{\textquoteright} workbench{\textquotedblright} that will allow users to take full advantage of IIIF, while affording them the ability to collect, store, share, annotate, and arrange high-resolution digital images from multiple repositories worldwide. Also included in this paper will be an overview of one high{\textendash}resolution, open source, IIIF-compliant image viewer, a JavaScript application called Mirador.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {407231,
	title = {Warfare or Piracy? Describing and defining naval combat in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean},
	booktitle = {The Aegean and the Levant at the Turn of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age},
	year = {2016},
	month = {27 September},
	address = {University of Warsaw},
	abstract = {Literary and iconographic accounts suggest that the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (LH IIIB-LH IIIC) in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean was marked by increased threats on both land and sea. This includes the iconography of warriors and warfare, particularly in Egypt and in the Aegean world, where the first representations of true ship-to-ship combat are seen. This paper investigates these early iconographic and literary accounts, asking whether they should be seen as {\textquotedblleft}warfare{\textquotedblright} in the formal sense, as piratical (and anti-piratical) naval operations, or as a combination of both, and seeking to define these terms in the context of the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age transition. Adaptations in ship technology and fighting style that had to be made by states and non-state actors alike during this turbulent time are also considered.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/28744887/Warfare_or_Piracy_Describing_and_defining_naval_combat_in_the_Late_Bronze_Early_Iron_Aegean_and_Eastern_Mediterranean},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {403781,
	title = {IIIF as an Enabler to Interoperability within a Single Institution},
	booktitle = {Access to the World{\textquoteright}s Images: The 2016 International Image Interoperability Conference},
	year = {2016},
	month = {10 May},
	address = {New York, NY},
	abstract = {Harvard has been able to leverage the promise of interoperable APIs by replicating the IIIF/Mirador design pattern across multiple functional areas sharing core Image API and digital repository services. Sharing knowledge, expertise, and digital content, and Mirador, multiple {\textquotedblleft}heads{\textquotedblright} have sprouted: a viewer application for the HarvardX course {\textquotedblleft}The Book{\textquotedblright}, a new Harvard Library Viewer, faculty image collections that can be created and curated in course websites via LTI, and walls of images in the Harvard Art Museums. What did it take to enable this level of collaboration in a large distributed organization?},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/24952982/IIIF_as_an_Enabler_to_Interoperability_within_a_Single_Institution},
	author = {Randy Stern and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and V. Judson Harward and Rashmi Singhal and Jeff Steward}
}
@article {382191,
	title = {The New Interactive: Reimagining Visual Collections as Immersive Environments},
	journal = {VRA Bulletin},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {1-16},
	abstract = {Emerging technologies and shared standards have opened up new avenues for the curation and presentation of data in archives and published research. Among their many benefits, these developments have made collections across archives more accessible, and have vastly improved the visual experience for users. This paper focuses on the next step in applying technical development and standards to digital collections: improving discoverability and providing a visual product that is simultaneously informative and experiential. The cases presented here focus on new approaches in these areas, with an emphasis on the utilization of visual search and discovery across a research archive and the integration of data and image into an augmented reality (AR) experience, with discussion of how these approaches can improve the usability of visual material while broadening the user{\textquoteright}s experience from the purely visual into the realm of the immersive.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/30544005/The_New_Interactive_Reimagining_Visual_Collections_as_Immersive_Environments},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Christopher Morse and Luke Hollis}
}
@article {365686,
	title = {{\textquoteleft}Dagon Our God{\textquoteright}: Iron I Philistine Cult in Text and Archaeology},
	journal = {Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {22-66},
	abstract = {Despite the late date and dubious veracity of the Deuteronomistic history, and despite the Bible{\textquoteright}s status as the only Bronze or Iron Age text which indisputably refers to Dagon in a southern Canaanite geographical context, scholars have traditionally accepted 1 Samuel 5:1{\textendash}8{\textquoteright}s portrayal of Philistine cult in the Iron Age I as being centered on this deity and his temple at Ashdod. This study marshals archaeological and historical evidence to assess the level of support for the presence of Dagon in Iron I Philistia, and for a temple at Ashdod\&nbsp; as described in the biblical account. Also considered, through comparison with the materially analogous situation in the Bronze Age Aegean, is the critical role that a textual complement to physical evidence (or, in the case of the Philistines, the lack thereof) plays in cultic analysis and pantheonic reconstruction.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/24952497/_Dagon_Our_God_Iron_I_Philistine_Cult_in_Text_and_Archaeology},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {443376,
	title = {Give Them a {\textquoteleft}Hand{\textquoteright}: The L51 Fixture at Khirbet Qumran and its Archaeo{\textendash}Literary Context},
	journal = {The Qumran Chronicle},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {102-125},
	abstract = {The association of the Essenes with the site of Qumran, and the specific instructions regarding latrine placement and etiquette in the Temple and War Scrolls, combine to make the toilet practices of the Qumran community an issue with a direct relation to the study of the site and of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The texts most often associated with toilet practices at Qumran present accounts and instructions which are incompatible with each other, while the presence of a cesspit toilet in Locus 51 of Qumran contradicts each of these texts. Further, the difficulties presented by this toilet{\textquoteright}s presence are increased by its being taken out of use at the end of Period Ib of the site (31 BC), after which it appears not to have been replaced {\textendash} a development which suggests either a significant change in Qumranites{\textquoteright} beliefs after 31 BC, or a change in the makeup of the community{\textquoteright}s inhabitants themselves. \&nbsp;},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/28099721/Give_Them_a_Hand_The_L51_Fixture_at_Khirbet_Qumran_and_its_Archaeo_Literary_Context},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {349431,
	title = {King Taita and His {\textquoteleft}Palistin{\textquoteright}: Philistine State or Neo{\textendash}Hittite Kingdom?},
	journal = {Antiguo Oriente},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {11-40},
	abstract = {The end of the Hittite Empire and the destruction and abandonment of Alalakh represents a cultural break between the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in the {\textquoteleft}Amuq Valley. In the Iron I, a population with clear ties to the greater Aegean world, perhaps related to the Philistines of southern Canaan, established an agro{\textendash}pastoral settlement at Tell Ta{\textquoteleft}yinat and the surrounding area. This occupation, marked by Field Phases 6{\textendash}3 at Ta{\textquoteleft}yinat, was both materially and chronologically ephemeral, and should be viewed as a cultural outlier sandwiched between the Hittite{\textendash}controlled LBA and later Iron I. This intrusive population lived alongside the indigenous inhabitants of the Amuq, bequeathing to the region a toponym {\textendash} Palistin {\textendash} that would far outlast their own relevance and archaeological visibility. By the First Building Period at Tell Ta{\textquoteleft}yinat, which immediately followed the Aegean{\textendash}related phases, the site was home to a dynasty overseeing a typical Neo{\textendash}Hittite state, with its toponym all that remained of the {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} presence that occupied it at the beginning of the Iron Age.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/26654209/King_Taita_and_His_Palistin_Philistine_State_or_Neo-Hittite_Kingdom},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {259126,
	title = {Shelley Wachsmann, The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context},
	journal = {Rosetta},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {150-155},
	abstract = {Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:\&nbsp;

When Shelley Wachsmann began his analysis of the small ship model excavated by assistants of famed Egyptologist W. M. F. Petrie in Gurob, Egypt, in 1920, he expected to produce a brief monograph that would shed light on the model and the ship type that it represented. Instead, Wachsmann discovered that the model held clues to the identities and cultures of the enigmatic Sea Peoples, to the religious practices of ancient Egypt and Greece, and to the oared ships used by the Bronze Age Mycenaean Greeks.
Although found in Egypt, the prototype of the Gurob model was clearly an Aegean-style galley of a type used by both the Mycenaeans and the Sea Peoples. The model is the most detailed representation presently known of this vessel type, which played a major role in changing the course of world history. Contemporaneous textual evidence for Sherden{\textemdash}one of the Sea Peoples{\textemdash}settled in the region suggests that the model may be patterned after a galley of that culture. Bearing a typical Helladic bird-head decoration topping the stempost, with holes along the sheer strakes confirming the use of stanchions, the model was found with four wheels and other evidence for a wagon-like support structure, connecting it with European cultic prototypes.
The online resources that accompany the book illustrate Wachsmann{\textquoteright}s research and analysis. They include 3D interactive models that allow readers to examine the Gurob model on their computers as if held in the hand, both in its present state and in two hypothetical reconstructions. The online component also contains high-resolution color photos of the model, maps and satellite photos of the site, and other related materials. Offering a wide range of insights and evidence for linkages among ancient Mediterranean peoples and traditions,\&nbsp;The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context\&nbsp;presents an invaluable asset for anyone interested in the complexities of cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age.
},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/7519855/The_Gurob_Ship-Cart_Model_and_Its_Mediterranean_Context_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {236391,
	title = {From Access to Interaction: Leveraging Digital Repositories to Advance Teaching, Learning, and Research},
	booktitle = {Digitorium Digital Humanities Conference},
	year = {2015},
	month = {9-11 Apr.},
	abstract = {How can digital archives be made more open and accessible, both within and across institutions? Can new ways of accessing digitized objects truly improve the ways these objects and their physical counterparts are used in teaching, learning, and research? And how has the new emphasis on open online learning driven the way these questions are approached? This paper provides a case study in the use of digital material in scholarship and pedagogy, with particular focus on Mirador, an open-source (https://github.com/IIIF/mirador), scalable, high-resolution tool with annotation capability that makes use of an open API standard (specifically the International Image Interoperability Framework, or IIIF) to support simultaneous interaction with digitized objects from multiple repositories worldwide. Beyond being developed as a next-generation tool for interaction with digitized library and museum objects, Mirador also serves a key role in Humanities instruction online, with its first public release coming in 2015 in the service of an interdisciplinary Massive Open Online Course focusing on the history of the Book (HUM 1x, offered via edX). This presentation will include a demonstration of Mirador, with particular emphasis on its role in fostering intimate, user-directed interaction with digitized objects in museums, libraries, and other repositories, both as a research tool and as an interoperable (LTI) resource for teaching and learning in the online environment.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {235821,
	title = {Digital Material: Improving Access, Intimacy, and Scholarship with New Collaborative Technologies},
	booktitle = {Digital Material},
	year = {2015},
	month = {21-22 May},
	address = {National University of Ireland, Galway},
	abstract = {How can new technologies improve our interaction with digitized library and museum objects? Can new ways of accessing digitized objects truly improve the ways these objects and their physical counterparts are used in teaching, learning, and research? And how can digital archives be made more open and accessible, both within and across institutions? This paper provides a case study in the use of digital material in scholarship and pedagogy, with particular focus on the use of an open API standard (specifically the International Image Interoperability Framework, or IIIF) to support simultaneous, high-definition interaction with digitized objects from multiple repositories, including Harvard University, Stanford University, Oxford{\textquoteright}s Bodleian Library, the British Museum, ARTstor, and two dozen others. Included in this presentation is a demonstration of Mirador, an open-source (https://github.com/IIIF/mirador), scalable, high-resolution tool with annotation capability, jointly developed by Harvard and Stanford Universities over the last year, that is designed to foster intimate, user-directed interaction with digitized objects in museum, library, and other repositories.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {230891,
	title = {The Future of Visual Learning: Enabling Quantifiable Interaction with Digitized Museum and Library Objects},
	booktitle = {Eighth International Conference on e-Learning and Innovative Pedagogies},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2-3 Nov.},
	address = {Santa Cruz, CA},
	abstract = {The recent expansion of online access to higher education has driven the development of new academic technologies specifically designed to improve the student experience and increase learning. This paper provides a case study in this area by focusing on one such technology: a scalable, high-resolution, annotatable tool for intimate, user-directed interaction with digitized objects in museum, library, and other repositories. The tool, collaboratively developed by Harvard and Stanford Universities, was first made available to learners as an integral part of "The Book: Histories Across Time and Space," a modular, interdisciplinary MOOC produced by HarvardX and delivered in 2015 on the edX learning platform. Specific examples of media delivered to learners will be presented here, along with detailed analytics of user interaction and behavior will be presented, These will be accompanied by preliminary conclusions about the role of this tool in visual learning, as well as recommended avenues for further use and research.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@inbook {215721,
	title = {Sailing from Periphery to Core in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean},
	booktitle = {There and Back Again {\textendash} the Crossroads II},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {163-180},
	publisher = {Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology},
	organization = {Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology},
	abstract = {The multidirectional flow of communication and culture around the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean is clearly reflected in the iconographic, literary, and material records. While the participation of states in these exchanges of ideas and objects is clearly recorded in records like the Amarna letters, the role of non-state actors, both within established networks and {\textquotedblleft}below the radar{\textquotedblright} on the periphery of formal lines of communication, is a subject that has garnered increasing interest in recent years. This paper approaches the role of peripheral actors {\textendash} alternatively known as entrepreneurs or pirates, depending on time, setting, and context {\textendash} in the development and diffusion of technology by focusing on the development and spread of the Helladic Oared Galley and the Loose{\textendash}Footed, Brailed Sail around the Eastern Mediterranean during the last years of the Late Bronze Age and the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron transition. These technological developments represented a break from prior ship design, which revolutionized seafaring in the eastern Mediterranean. While the Galley, a vessel well-suited for raiding and warfare, seems to have its origin in the Helladic world (as its name suggests), the brailed sailing rig appears in multiple locations within the Eastern Mediterranean world within a small temporal window, with its most famous representation being the naval battle scene at Medinet Habu, wherein both Egyptian and {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} ships are portrayed as employing this new rig in identical fashion. This study explores the circumstances and connections which caused these opposing forces to draw on new and identical implements, as well as the role (and travels) of non-state maritime actors in driving the development and distribution of this revolutionary technology.
Keywords: Galley, Maritime Technology, Sea Peoples, Shipbuilding, World Systems\&nbsp;},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/9224573/Sailing_from_Periphery_to_Core_in_the_Late_Bronze_Age_Eastern_Mediterranean},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {J. Myn{\'a}{\v r}ov{\'a} and P. Onderka and P. Pav{\'u}k}
}
@inbook {214626,
	title = {Massive Open Online Opportunity: MOOCs and Internet{\textendash}Based Communities of Archaeological Practice},
	booktitle = {21st Century Archaeology: Concepts, Methods and Tools},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {265-270},
	publisher = {Archaeopress},
	organization = {Archaeopress},
	address = {Oxford},
	abstract = {While the World Wide Web has provided the public with heretofore-unimagined access to information, the democratization of online content creation has also provided an unprecedented opportunity for the spread of misinformation and misinterpretation. Archaeology is no exception, as developments like the exposing of museum collections, the ability to conduct armchair {\textquotedblleft}surveys,{\textquotedblright} and unfettered access to uncontextualized images via simple Web search have combined to confront a new generation of avocational and aspiring archaeologists with myriad explanations and interpretations of artifacts, archaeological data, and history writ large. The rise of MOOCs (both as {\textquotedblleft}massive open online courses{\textquotedblright} and as repositories for massively-accessible online content) may help combat this by providing a structured mechanism for practitioners to reach, interact with, educate, and learn from an ever-growing online audience. This is of particular importance for archaeology, a field in which standards of conduct and interpretation are keys to sound and ethical practice.
Keywords: Massive, MOOC, Online Applications, Pedagogy, Communities of Practice},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/9217581/Massive_Open_Online_Opportunity_MOOCs_and_Internet_Based_Communities_of_Archaeological_Practice},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {F. Giligny and F. Djindjian and L. Costa and P. Moscati and S. Robert}
}
@article {194101,
	title = {Open, Online, and Blended: Transactional Interactions with MOOC Content by Learners in Three Different Course Formats},
	journal = {HarvardX{\textendash}MITx Working Paper Series},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {In 2013-14, Harvard University piloted the use of MOOCs as tools for blended learning in select undergraduate and graduate residential and online courses. One of these courses, The Ancient Greek Hero, combined the for{\textendash}credit (Harvard College and Harvard Extension School) and open online (HarvardX) groups into a single online unit, marking the first time the same instance of an existing or in{\textendash}production MOOC was used simultaneously by both tuition{\textendash}paying, credit{\textendash}seeking students and non{\textendash}paying, non{\textendash}credit students enrolled exclusively online. In this paper, we analyze and compare the online behavior of students and participants in the three groups that simultaneously participated in The Ancient Greek Hero via the edX platform. We find that, in similar fashion to a traditional learning setting, students enrolled in all three versions of the course engaged the online content in a transactional way, spending their time and effort on activities and exercises in ways that would optimize their desired outcomes. While user behavior was diverse, HarvardX participants generally trended toward one end of the participation spectrum or the other, while College and Extension School students displayed relatively homogenous patterns of participation, viewing most of the content but interacting mostly with that which affected their overall course grades. Ultimately, we conclude that educators who intend to utilize MOOC content in an effort to apply blended learning techniques to their classrooms should carefully consider how best to incorporate each online element into their overall pedagogical strategy, including how interaction with those elements is to be incentivized. Further, or MOOCs to have maximum impact, they must address multiple learner motivations and provide participants with multiple modes of interaction with the content and with their peers.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/16270318/Open_Online_and_Blended_Transactional_Interactions_with_MOOC_Content_by_Learners_in_Three_Different_Course_Formats},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Anne Lamb}
}
@inbook {127286,
	title = {The Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Transition: Changes in Warriors and Warfare and the Earliest Recorded Naval Battles},
	booktitle = {Ancient Warfare: Introducing Current Research},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {191-209},
	publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	organization = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing},
	address = {Newcastle},
	abstract = {The tumultuous transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean was marked by a change in the iconography of warriors and warfare, particularly in Egypt and in the Aegean world. It is also at this time that the Helladic oared galley makes its first appearance, where it is used as an instrument of naval warfare in the first true sea battles in recorded history. This paper investigates these earliest representations of naval combat, with a special emphasis on the appearance and employment of new maritime technology and its effect on maritime operations and naval warfare. Also considered are what modes of fighting were utilized in, and what changes had to be made to adapt to, this earliest form of ship-based combat.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/4987789/The_Late_Bronze-Early_Iron_Age_Transition_Changes_in_Warriors_and_Warfare_and_the_Earliest_Recorded_Naval_Battles},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {G. Lee and H. Whittaker and G. Wrightson}
}
@article {655624,
	title = {Thinking with your Eyes: Visualizing the Arts, Humanities \&amp; Sciences, a symposium presented by the Digital Futures Consortium at Harvard University, Feb 27-28},
	journal = {[Organizer]},
	year = {2014},
	address = {Cambridge, MA.},
	author = {J. Lopez and R. Engels and S. Berstler and J. Steward and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and M. Schreiner and V. J. Harward}
}
@article {612288,
	title = {The Medieval Scrolls Digital Archive},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Inaugural Harvard University Lasky{\textendash}Barajas Digital Humanities Innovation Fund, $12,000 (Co-Investigator)},
	abstract = {The goal of this project was to develop the first online database of Medieval Scrolls in collections worldwide (http://medievalscrolls.com). The online database and website were developed in concert with two projects by\&nbsp;Thomas Forrest Kelly, Morton B. Knafel Professor of Music at Harvard University:\&bull;\&nbsp;\&nbsp;Scrolls in the Age of the Book, an open online learning experience offered by HarvardX (via edX)\&bull;\&nbsp;\&nbsp;The Role of the Scroll: An Illustrated Introduction to Scrolls in the Middle Ages, published by W. W. Norton},
	author = {Thomas Forrest Kelly and Beverly Kienzle and William Stoneman and V Judson Harward and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Leland Grigoli and Timothy M. Baker}
}
@booklet {208786,
	title = {Shelley Wachsmann, The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context},
	journal = {Antiguo Oriente},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {229-234},
	abstract = {Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:\&nbsp;

When Shelley Wachsmann began his analysis of the small ship model excavated by assistants of famed Egyptologist W. M. F. Petrie in Gurob, Egypt, in 1920, he expected to produce a brief monograph that would shed light on the model and the ship type that it represented. Instead, Wachsmann discovered that the model held clues to the identities and cultures of the enigmatic Sea Peoples, to the religious practices of ancient Egypt and Greece, and to the oared ships used by the Bronze Age Mycenaean Greeks.
Although found in Egypt, the prototype of the Gurob model was clearly an Aegean-style galley of a type used by both the Mycenaeans and the Sea Peoples. The model is the most detailed representation presently known of this vessel type, which played a major role in changing the course of world history. Contemporaneous textual evidence for Sherden{\textemdash}one of the Sea Peoples{\textemdash}settled in the region suggests that the model may be patterned after a galley of that culture. Bearing a typical Helladic bird-head decoration topping the stempost, with holes along the sheer strakes confirming the use of stanchions, the model was found with four wheels and other evidence for a wagon-like support structure, connecting it with European cultic prototypes.
The online resources that accompany the book illustrate Wachsmann{\textquoteright}s research and analysis. They include 3D interactive models that allow readers to examine the Gurob model on their computers as if held in the hand, both in its present state and in two hypothetical reconstructions. The online component also contains high-resolution color photos of the model, maps and satellite photos of the site, and other related materials. Offering a wide range of insights and evidence for linkages among ancient Mediterranean peoples and traditions,\&nbsp;The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and Its Mediterranean Context\&nbsp;presents an invaluable asset for anyone interested in the complexities of cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age.
},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/8766310/The_Gurob_Ship-Cart_Model_and_Its_Mediterranean_Context_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {203996,
	title = {Oculus: A Collaborative Framework for Accessing Digitized Library and Museum Collections},
	booktitle = {The Humanities and Technology Camp (THATCamp) Harvard 2014},
	year = {2014},
	month = {27 Sept.},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {171961,
	title = {Oculus: Using Open APIs to Share Harvard{\textquoteright}s Digitized Books and Manuscripts},
	booktitle = {4th Annual Harvard University IT Summit},
	year = {2014},
	month = {5 Jun},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	abstract = {We describe how faculty desire for a state-of-the-art platform to study and teach Harvard Library{\textquoteright}s digitized books and manuscripts found an eager sponsor in HarvardX and HUIT. The project has joined an open source software consortium based on open APIs (Shared Canvas, IIIF) led by Stanford. Harvard Library is championing the project as a successor to the web tools that currently access the Digital Repository. Oculus will debut in HarvardX{\textquoteright}s History of the Book modules in early 2015.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/7266427/Oculus_Using_Open_APIs_to_Share_Harvards_Digitized_Books_and_Manuscripts},
	author = {V. Judson Harward and Jeffrey Hamburger and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Rashmi Singhal and Randy Stern}
}
@conference {154521,
	title = {From Periphery to Core: The Helladic Oared Galley and the Brailed Sail in theLate Bronze-Early Iron Eastern Mediterranean},
	booktitle = {Crossroads II, or There and  Back Again: 2nd International Conference on Relations between Egypt, the  Aegean, the Levant, and the Sudan in the 2nd and 1st Millennia B.C.E.},
	year = {2014},
	month = {15-17 Sept.},
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	abstract = {The multidirectional flow of communication and culture around the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean is clearly reflected in the iconographic, literary, and material records. While the participation of states in these exchanges of ideas and objects is clearly recorded in records like the Amarna letters, the role of non-state actors, both within established networks and {\textquotedblleft}below the radar{\textquotedblright} on the periphery of formal lines of communication, is a subject that has garnered increasing interest in recent years. This paper approaches the role of peripheral actors {\textendash} alternatively known as entrepreneurs or pirates, depending on time, setting, and context {\textendash} in the development and diffusion of technology by focusing on the development and spread of the Helladic Oared Galley and the Loose-Footed, Brailed Sail around the Eastern Mediterranean during the last years of the Late Bronze Age and the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron transition. These technological developments represented a break from prior ship design, which revolutionized seafaring in the eastern Mediterranean. While the Galley, a vessel well-suited for raiding and warfare, seems to have its origin in the Helladic world (as its name suggests), the brailed sailing rig appears in multiple locations within the Eastern Mediterranean world within a small temporal window, with its most famous representation being the naval battle scene at Medinet Habu, wherein both Egyptian and {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} ships are portrayed as employing this new rig in identical fashion. The circumstances and connections which caused these opposing forces to draw on new and identical implements will be explored in this study, as will the role (and travels) of non-state maritime actors in driving the development and distribution of this revolutionary maritime technology.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/6369158/From_Periphery_to_Core_The_Helladic_Oared_Galley_and_the_Brailed_Sail_in_the_Late_Bronze-Early_Iron_Eastern_Mediterranean},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {141966,
	title = {HeroesX: The Ancient Greek Hero: Spring 2013 Course Report},
	journal = {HarvardX{\textendash}MITx Working Paper Series},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {CB22x: The Ancient Greek Hero, was offered as a HarvardX course in Spring and Fall 2013 on edX, a platform for massive open online courses (MOOCs). It was taught by Professor Greg Nagy. The report was prepared in cooperation between members of, and researchers external to, the course team, and is based on examination of the courseware, analyses of the data collected by the edX platform, and interviews and consultations with the course faculty and team members.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/5788891/CB22x_The_Ancient_Greek_Hero_Spring_2013_Course_Report_HarvardX_Working_Papers_3_},
	author = {Reich, Justin and Jeffrey P. Emanuel and Sergiy O. Nesterko and Daniel Thomas Seaton and Tommy Mullaney and Jim Waldo and Isaac Chang and Ho, Andrew Dean}
}
@conference {139066,
	title = {Massive Open Online Archaeology, Massive Open Online Opportunity: Toward a Worldwide Community of Archaeological Practice},
	booktitle = {Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology 2014 Congress: 21st Century Archaeology: Concepts, Methods, Tools},
	year = {2014},
	month = {22-25 Apr},
	address = {Paris, France},
	abstract = {While the World Wide Web has provided the public at large with heretofore-unimagined access to information, the egalitarian {\textendash} and frequently anonymous {\textendash} nature of online content creation has also provided an unprecedented opportunity for the spread of misinformation and misinterpretation alike. Archaeology is no exception to the double-edged sword that is the 21st century web, as the opening of museum collections, the ability to conduct armchair {\textquotedblleft}surveys{\textquotedblright} via tools like Google Earth, unfettered access to uncontextualized images via simple Web search, and similar developments have combined to confront a new generation of avocational and aspiring archaeologists with myriad explanations and interpretations of artifacts, archaeological data, and history writ large.
While certainly {\textendash} and literally! {\textendash} not a deus ex machina, the rise of the MOOC (both in its traditional definition as {\textquotedblleft}massive open online course,{\textquotedblright} and in its growing use as a repository for massively-accessible online content) may help counter this current state of affairs by providing a structured mechanism for professionals across the academy to reach, interact with, educate, and learn from an ever-growing online audience. This is of particular importance for archaeology, a field in which standards of conduct and interpretation are keys to sound and ethical practice.
The open, inclusive nature of MOOC-based learning experiences can allow them to compete with similarly free and open sources of information about archaeological topics that are broadly accessible on the public Internet. Further, in the MOOC environment, experts leading open online learning experiences can draw in new participants, while simultaneously ensuring that the facts, techniques, and practices conveyed in their particular learning experience represent accurate scholarly interpretation and understanding, as well as the most up-to-date professional standards and methods. Successful participants, in turn, may go on to serve as international and intercultural hubs from which accurate, professionally-conveyed information can flow outward to various peripheries, while at the same time the multicultural nature of MOOC audiences may also serve as a mechanism for improving the professional practice of archaeology, in part by creating a feedback loop via which practitioners can be exposed to viewpoints and cultural interpretations that might not be commonly considered.
While distance education is not a new phenomenon by any means, the combination of open learning opportunities and 21st century technologies has allowed {\textquotedblleft}non-traditional{\textquotedblright} education to take a decidedly non-traditional turn of its own. New technologies and techniques allow learners to be provided with interactive experiences, while teachers can be provided the ability to keep their fingers on the pulse of the participant collective, ensuring that knowledge and understanding are being effectively communicated to the community of learners, and that the feedback loop between participants and practitioners remains firmly in place. This paper considers the role of MOOCs in this {\textquotedblleft}new academy,{\textquotedblright} with two open learning experiences offered by HarvardX/edX in 2013 serving as case studies to evaluate and demonstrate the opportunity presented by the MOOC phenomenon not only to engage students online, but to take steps toward creating a true worldwide community of practice.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/5603111/Massive_Open_Online_Archaeology_Massive_Open_Online_Opportunity_Toward_a_Worldwide_Community_of_Archaeological_Practice},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {133846,
	title = {Prospectus Omni ab Angulo: 3D Imaging in Archaeological Reconstruction and Analysis},
	booktitle = {Thinking with your Eyes: Visualizing the Arts, Humanities \& Sciences, a symposium presented by the Digital Futures Consortium at Harvard University, Feb 27-28},
	year = {2014},
	month = {27-28 Feb},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {133851,
	title = {Odysseus{\textquoteright} Boat? New Mycenaean Evidence from the Egyptian New Kingdom},
	booktitle = {Discovery of the Classical World: An Interdisciplinary Workshop on Ancient  Societies, a lecture series presented by the department of The Classics at Harvard University},
	year = {2014},
	month = {30 Apr},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	abstract = {In 1920, a small wooden ship model was discovered in a shallow tomb in Gurob, near the Faiyum oasis in Middle Egypt. Incorrectly assembled (twice) but perceptively labeled as a {\textquotedblleft}Pirate Boat{\textquotedblright} by the overseer of its excavation, Flinders Petrie, the model was paired in antiquity with a pavois and a wheeled cart, likely signifying its use as a cultic object. Following two brief mentions by Petrie (in 1927 and 1933), the model was largely forgotten until the turn of the millennium, when it was {\textquotedblleft}rediscovered{\textquotedblright} in the Petrie Egyptological Museum and published by in 2013 by Shelley Wachsmann, who recognized the small model as representing a Helladic oared galley of the type known from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean.
The galley{\textquoteright}s introduction was a critical inflection point in the history of ship architecture, as its design allowed for unprecedented freedom of movement on the seas. Adopted around the Eastern Mediterranean, the Helladic galley ultimately spawned both the Phoenician bireme and Greek dieres, and its use was critical to these cultures{\textquoteright} Iron Age exploration, expansion, and colonization. The Gurob model, which dates between the mid-13th and mid-11th centuries BCE, is the most complete three-dimensional evidence we have for this important vessel type, as well as the only polychromatic representation found to date. As such, it confirms much that has been theorized about these vessels, while also providing new evidence for their construction and adornment, including the use of color {\textendash} a facet of Mycenaean seafaring that had only previously been accessible in Homeric epithets like μἐλας {\textquoteleft}black{\textquoteright} and κυανόπρῳρος {\textquoteleft}dark-prowed{\textquoteright}, as well as the less-well-understood μιλτοπάρῃος {\textquoteleft}red-cheeked{\textquoteright} and φοινικοπάρῃος {\textquoteleft}purple-cheeked{\textquoteright} descriptors. The latter are only used in the Homeric epics to identify the vessels of Odysseus, and the uniquely polychromatic nature of the Gurob ship-cart allows to understand them much more fully than in the past.
This lecture discusses the Gurob model and its significance for our understanding of Mycenaean seafaring and Homeric ship descriptions, and includes three-dimensional representations, composed by the Institute for the Visualization of History, of this ship-cart model as discovered and as reconstructed. Additionally, the design, spread, and influences of the Helladic oared galley are discussed in their internationalist Eastern Mediterranean context, with particular emphasis on framing Odysseus{\textquoteright} maritime to Egypt, vividly recounted in the hero{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteleft}second Cretan Lie,{\textquoteright} within the larger context of the epic{\textquoteright}s fictive date in the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/6928217/Odysseus_Boat_Bringing_the_Greek_Age_of_Heroes_to_Life_with_New_Mycenaean_Evidence_from_Ramesside_Egypt_DCW_Lecture_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {130736,
	title = {The Sea Peoples, Egypt, and the Aegean: Transference of Maritime Technology in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Transition (LH IIIB{\textendash}C)},
	journal = {Aegean Studies},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	pages = {21-56},
	abstract = {The appearance of the brailed rig and loose{\textendash}footed sail at the end of the Late Bronze Age revolutionized seafaring in the eastern Mediterranean. The most famous early appearance of this new technology is found in history{\textquoteright}s first visual representation of a naval battle, on the walls of Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s mortuary temple at Medinet Habu. In this monumental combat scene, both Egyptian and Sea Peoples ships are depicted with this new rig, as well as top{\textendash}mounted crow{\textquoteright}s nests and decking upon which shipborne warriors do battle. The identical employment of these innovative components of maritime technology by opposing forces in this battle suggests either some level of previous contact between the invaders and those responsible for designing and constructing Egypt{\textquoteright}s ships of war, or shared interaction with a third party, perhaps on the Syro{\textendash}Canaanite coast. This article examines the evidence for the development of the brailed rig in the eastern Mediterranean, and explores the possibility that at least one group of Sea Peoples, who may have comprised a key part of the international economy of the Late Bronze Age in their role as {\textquotedblleft}pirates, raiders, and traders{\textquotedblright} (Georgiou 2012: 527) {\textendash} Artzy{\textquoteright}s {\textquotedblleft}nomads of the sea{\textquotedblright} (1997) {\textendash} played a similarly integral role in the transference of maritime technology between the Levant, Egypt, and the Aegean.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/5303290/The_Sea_Peoples_Egypt_and_the_Aegean_Transference_of_Maritime_Technology_in_the_Late_Bronze-Early_Iron_Transition_LH_IIIB-C_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {451701,
	title = {Art, Artefacts, and Archaeology},
	journal = {[Session Chair]},
	year = {2013},
	month = {18-20 Sept},
	address = {International Ancient Warfare Conference 2013, National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {128941,
	title = {Instructional Approaches and Digital Tools, On Campus and Beyond: The Digital Future [is] Now},
	booktitle = {Digital Futures: The NOW Edition, a workshop presented by the Digital Futures Consortium at Harvard University},
	year = {2013},
	month = {13 Nov.},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {89036,
	title = {Adam Zertal, El-Ahwat: A Fortified Site from the Early Iron Age Near Nahal {\textquoteright}Iron, Israel: Excavations 1993-2000},
	journal = {Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {57-60},
	abstract = {Review of Adam Zertal, "El-Ahwat, A Fortified Site from the Early Iron Age Near Nahal {\textquoteright}Iron, Israel: Excavations 1993-2000" (Leiden: Brill, 2012).Publisher{\textquoteright}s description:\&nbsp;The excavations at el-Ahwat constitute a unique and fascinating archaeological undertaking. The site is the location of a fortified city dated to the early Iron Age (ca. 1220{\textendash}1150 BCE), hidden in a dense Mediterranean forest in central Israel, near the historic {\textquoteright}Arunah pass. Discovered in 1992 and excavated between 1993 and 2000, the digs revealed an urban {\textquotedblleft}time capsule{\textquotedblright} erected and inhabited during a short period of time (60{\textendash}70 years), with no earlier site below or subsequent one above it.This report provides a vivid picture of the site, its buildings, and environmental economy as evinced by the stone artifacts, animal bones, agricultural installations, and iron forge that were uncovered here. The excavators of this site suggest in this work that the settlement was inhabited by the Shardana Sea-Peoples, who arrived in the ancient Near East at the end of the 13th century BCE and settled in northern Canaan. In weighing the physical evidence and the logic of the interpretation presented herein, the reader will be treated to a new and compelling archaeological and historical challenge.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/3100219/El-Ahwat_A_Fortified_Site_from_the_Early_Iron_Age_Near_Nahal_Iron_Israel_Excavations_1993-2000_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@article {89026,
	title = {"Sherden from the Sea": The Arrival, Integration, and Acculturation of a {\textquoteright}Sea People{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {14-27},
	abstract = {Despite a broad temporal presence in Egyptian records, the association of the Sherden with another {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} group {\textendash} the better known and archaeologically-attested Philistines {\textendash} has led to several assumptions about this people, their culture, and the role they played in the various societies of which they may have been a part. This article separates the Sherden from the Aegean migration and greater {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} phenomenon of the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition and focuses on the aspect of this people for which we have the best evidence: their role in Egyptian society. Once those layers have been peeled away, a close reading of the extant literary and pictorial evidence from the New Kingdom and beyond reveals the evolving role of the Sherden in Egypt, from adversarial origin, through a phase of combined military cooperation and social exclusion, to a final, multigenerational period marked by rapid and enduring acculturation and assimilation.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/2445831/_Sherden_from_the_Sea_The_Arrival_Integration_and_Acculturation_of_a_Sea_People},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89101,
	title = {War at Sea: The Advent of Naval Combat in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean},
	booktitle = {International Ancient Warfare Conference 2013},
	year = {2013},
	month = {18-20 Sept.},
	address = {National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth},
	abstract = {The transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (LH IIIB-C) in the eastern Mediterranean, Aegean, and Near East was marked by the destruction of empires and the migratory movement of populations. This time of upheaval was also marked by a change in the iconography of warriors and warfare, particularly in Egypt and in the Aegean world, including the first representations of true naval combat. Warriors in feathered headdresses, never before seen in Helladic or Egyptian art, are shown on Aegean pottery and in Egyptian relief taking part in battles on both land and sea, and the Helladic oared galley (Wedde{\textquoteright}s Type V) makes its first appearance at this time as an instrument of naval warfare. This paper investigates these earliest representations of naval combat, with a special emphasis on the appearance and employment of new maritime technology and its effect on naval warfare. Also considered are what changes in fighting, if any, had to be made in order to adapt to this early form of ship-based combat.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/2896496/War_at_Sea_The_Advent_of_Naval_Combat_in_the_Late_Bronze-Early_Iron_Age_Eastern_Mediterranean},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407806,
	title = {Silvia Ferrara, Cypro-Minoan Inscriptions: Volume I: Analysis},
	journal = {Oxford University Press, 2012},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
This volume offers the first comprehensive examination of an ancient writing system from Cyprus and Syria known as Cypro-Minoan. After Linear B was deciphered by Michael Ventris in 1952, other un-deciphered scripts of the second millennium BC from the Aegean world (Linear A) and the Eastern Mediterranean (Cypro-Minoan) became the focus of those trying to crack this ancient and historical code. Despite several attempts for both syllabaries, this prospect has remained unrealized. This is especially true for Cypro-Minoan, the script of Late Bronze Age Cyprus found also at Ugarit in Syria, which, counting no more than 250 inscriptions, remains not only poorly documented, but also insufficiently explored in previous scholarship.  Today progress in the study of this enigmatic script demands that we direct our attention to gaining new insight through a contextual analysis of Cypro-Minoan by tracing its life in the archaeological record and investigating its purpose and significance in the Cypriot and Syrian settlements that created and used it.  With a new methodology concentrating on a ground-breaking contextual approach, Ferrara presents the first large-scale study of Cypro-Minoan with an analysis of all the inscriptions through a multidisciplinary perspective that embraces aspects of archaeology, epigraphy, and palaeography.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1468278/Cypro_Minoan_Inscriptions_Volume_I_Analysis_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407651,
	title = {Eric H. Cline \&amp; David O{\textquoteright}Connor (eds.), Ramesses III: The Life and Times of Egypt{\textquoteright}s Last Hero},
	journal = {Ann Arbor: Michigan, 2012},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
In the tumultuous and vivid history of New Kingdom Egypt, Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s reign was prosperous and culturally rich. He fended off attacks by the "Sea Peoples" and others who threatened the state, he built the great temple of Medinet Habu, and he left wonderfully complete documents describing contemporary social structure and the economy. Amazingly, we even have an account from a contemporary judicial document that describes events leading to Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s assassination. This edited collection presents a detailed and informative look at the life, career, and world of one of Egypt{\textquoteright}s most important pharaohs, providing insight both on his reign and its aftermath and on the study of the political and cultural history of ancient Egypt. This collection offers the best new scholarship on Ramesses III, with contributions from Christopher J. Eyre; Ogden Goelet, Jr.; Peter W. Haider; Carolyn R. Higginbotham; Kenneth A. Kitchen; Bojana Mojsov; Steven R. Snape; Emily Teeter; and James M. Weinstein, as well as from David O{\textquoteright}Connor and Eric H. Cline. It will be of interest to those with an informed amateur{\textquoteright}s interest in Egyptology as well as to scholars of Egyptian and biblical archaeology.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/7526688/Ramesses_III_The_Life_and_Times_of_Egypts_Last_Hero_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407706,
	title = {Kurt \&amp; Janet von Schuschnigg, When Hitler Took Austria: A Memoir of Heroic Faith by the Chancellor{\textquoteright}s Son},
	journal = {San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2012},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
On March 12, 1938, German troops marched into Austria as Adolf Hitler prepared to annex the country. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, who had opposed the Nazi take-over of his homeland, was placed under house arrest and subsequently sent with his wife to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. 
This is the gripping story of von Schuschnigg and his family as told by his son, who came of age during these dramatic events. His memoir is a tribute to the faith, hope and perseverance of his family and the many people who took great risks in order to help them survive Nazi rule and the Second World War. 

The story begins with the junior von Schuschnigg{\textquoteright}s boyhood and his father{\textquoteright}s efforts to maintain Austrian independence during the rise of Nazism in Germany, Fascism in Italy, and political unrest in Austria. After the Anschluss, von Schuschnigg{\textquoteright}s son was allowed to finish his education in Germany, where in order to avoid being drafted into the German army, he went to the naval academy. He ended up on a warship of the Third Reich, serving the regime that held his family captive. 

Von Schuschnigg recounts his many harrowing escapes, first as a young naval officer and later as a deserter on the run. At every turn, he is helped not only by his own wits but also by the mysterious working of Providence, which sometimes manifests itself in surprising acts of goodness by others.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1480284/When_Hitler_Took_Austria_A_Memoir_of_Heroic_Faith_by_the_Chancellor_s_Son_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407656,
	title = {Nancy H. Demand, The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History},
	journal = {Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History reveals the role of the complex interaction of Mediterranean seafaring and maritime connections in the development of the ancient Greek city-states.

Offers fascinating insights into the origins of urbanization in the ancient Mediterranean, including the Greek city-state
Based on the most recent research on the ancient Mediterranean
Features a novel approach to theories of civilization change - foregoing the traditional isolationists model of development in favor of a maritime based network
Argues for cultural interactions set in motion by exchange and trade by sea

},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/7522387/The_Mediterranean_Context_of_Early_Greek_History_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407681,
	title = {Sharon R. Steadman \&amp; Gregory McMahon (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia},
	journal = {Oxford University Press, 2011},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia is a unique blend of comprehensive overviews on archaeological, philological, linguistic, and historical issues at the forefront of Anatolian scholarship in the 21st century. Anatolia is home to early complex societies and great empires, and was the destination of many migrants, visitors, and invaders. The offerings in this volume bring this reality to life as the chapters unfold nearly ten thousand years (ca. 10,000-323 BCE) of peoples, languages, and diverse cultures who lived in or traversed Anatolia over these millennia. The contributors combine descriptions of current scholarship on important discussion and debates in Anatolian studies with new and cutting edge research for future directions of study. The fifty-four chapters are presented in five separate sections that range in topic from chronological and geographical overviews to anthropologically based issues of culture contact and imperial structures, and from historical settings of entire millennia to crucial data from key sites across the region. The contributors to the volume represent the best scholars in the field from North America, Europe, Turkey, and Asia. The appearance of this volume offers the very latest collection of studies on the fascinating peninsula known as Anatolia.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1536962/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Ancient_Anatolia_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@inbook {89041,
	title = {Cretan Lie and Historical Truth: Examining Odysseus{\textquoteright} Raid on Egypt in its Late Bronze Age Context},
	booktitle = {Donum Natalicium Digitaliter Confectum Gregorio Nagy Septuagenario a Discipulis Collegis Familiaribus Oblatum},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1-41},
	publisher = {Center for Hellenic Studies},
	organization = {Center for Hellenic Studies},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/3984946/Cretan_Lie_and_Historical_Truth_Examining_Odysseus_Raid_on_Egypt_in_its_Late_Bronze_Age_Context},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel},
	editor = {V. Bers and D. Elmer and D. Frame and L. Muellner}
}
@conference {89081,
	title = {Crown Jewel of the Fleet: Design, Construction, and Use of the Seagoing Balsa of the Pre-Columbian Andean Coast},
	booktitle = {ISBSA 13: The 13th International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology},
	year = {2012},
	month = {8-12 Oct.},
	address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
	abstract = {The seaworthiness of the balsa sailing raft, and the seafaring aptitude of those who built and sailed it, has been the subject of critically biased, often conflicting accounts over the nearly five centuries since the Spanish conquest of the Inka empire. This paper objectively marshals historical and archaeological evidence to recover the pre-Columbian design and construction of this {\textquoteleft}Crown Jewel{\textquoteright} of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian fleet, and to demonstrate the role of the landscape {\textendash} specifically, environmental conditions and available resources {\textendash} in its development and use. Through this evidentiary reconstruction, it will be shown that, though these rafts appeared primitive to many of the Europeans who saw and wrote about them, the aboriginal balsas of the Andean coast were both well-designed and extraordinarily capable of performing their assigned tasks, which included fishing and coastal trade, and which may also have included lengthy voyages of commerce and exploration.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1722511/Crown_Jewel_of_the_Fleet_Design_Construction_and_Use_of_the_Seagoing_Balsa_of_the_Pre-Columbian_Andean_Coast},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89086,
	title = {Egypt, the {\textquoteright}Sea Peoples,{\textquoteright} and the Brailed Sail: Technological Transference in the Early Ramesside Period?},
	booktitle = {American Schools of Oriental Research Annual Meeting},
	year = {2012},
	month = {14-17 Nov.},
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	abstract = {The appearance of the brailed rig and loose-footed sail at the end of the Late Bronze Age revolutionized seafaring in the eastern Mediterranean. In the first visual representation of a naval battle in the Egyptian records, the battle at Medinet Habu, both Egyptian and {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} ships are portrayed as employing this new rig on warships which are nearly identical in structure and design. This fact suggests some level of previous contact between the invading mariners and those responsible for designing and constructing Egypt{\textquoteright}s ships of war. This paper examines the evidence for the development of the brailed rig in the eastern Mediterranean, and explores the possibility that the {\v S}rdn of the Sea, one of the {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} who appeared in {\textquotedblleft}battleships in the midst of the sea{\textquotedblright} off of the Egyptian coast a century earlier, may have played an integral role in the transference of that technology to the Egyptians.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/2069291/Egypt_the_Sea_Peoples_and_the_Brailed_Sail_Technological_Transference_in_the_Early_Ramesside_Period},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89076,
	title = {Give them a {\textquoteright}Hand{\textquoteright}: An Archaeo-Literary Study of Toilet Practices at Khirbet Qumran and their Implications},
	booktitle = {Society of Biblical Literature 2012 International Meeting},
	year = {2012},
	month = {22-26 Jul.},
	address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
	abstract = {The association of the Essenes with the site of Qumran, and the specific instructions regarding latrine placement and etiquette in the Temple and War Scrolls, combine to make the toilet practices of the Qumran community an issue with a direct relation to the study of the site and of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The texts most often associated with toilet practices at Qumran present accounts and instructions which are incompatible with each other, while the presence of a cesspit toilet in Locus 51 of Qumran contradicts each of these texts. Further, the difficulties presented by this toilet{\textquoteright}s presence are increased by its being taken out of use at the end of Period Ib of the site (31 BC), after which it appears not to have been replaced {\textendash} a development which suggests either a significant change in Qumranites{\textquoteright} beliefs after 31 BC, or a change in the makeup of the community{\textquoteright}s inhabitants themselves. Finally, the combination of the material evidence regarding toilet practices at Khirbet Qumran, the contradictions in the literary sources thought to address them, and scholarly attempts to rationalize or circumvent these contradictions should serve to reinforce the importance of proper methodology and evidence-based analysis to the current and future study of Qumran, its inhabitants, and their connection to the Scrolls.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1716294/Give_them_a_Hand_An_Archaeo-Literary_Study_of_Toilet_Practices_at_Khirbet_Qumran_and_their_Implications},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89056,
	title = {Race in Armor, Race with Shields: The Origin and Devolution of the Hoplitodromos},
	booktitle = {University of Pennsylvania Center for Ancient Studies Conference "Crowned Victor: Competition and Games in the Ancient World"},
	year = {2012},
	month = {3 Mar.},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	abstract = {Competition and combat have a historic tension in Greek myth and culture. Though the origination of athletics in ancient Greece may not have been martial, several literary examples from the classical Greek through imperial Roman periods make clear that a belief in an inextricable, etiological link between combat and athletic competition was widespread among ancient authors and observers. The hoplitodromos, or race in armor, is a representative example both of this etiological belief and of the evolution of Greek athletics over time. As the growing prevalence of hoplite warfare reduced the opportunity for warriors to earn kleos aphthiton on the battlefield, athletic competitions became a partial replacement for the lost opportunities to achieve eternal glory. Further, the rise of a classical {\textquotedblleft}gymnasion culture,{\textquotedblright} which valued physical beauty, youth, and eroticism most highly, may have sparked a pushback on the part of our ancient sources, who sought in return to emphasize all the more the martial practicality of athletic training and competitive events.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1716290/_Race_in_Armor_Race_with_Shields_The_Origin_and_Devolution_of_the_Hoplitodromos_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89051,
	title = {{\textquoteright}{\v S}rdn of the Sea{\textquoteright}: A Reassessment of the Sherden and their Role in Egyptian Society},
	booktitle = {Archaeological Institute of America Annual Meeting},
	year = {2012},
	month = {5-8 Jan.},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	abstract = {The association of the Sherden with their fellow {\textquotedblleft}Sea Peoples,{\textquotedblright} the more well-known and better-attested Philistines, has led to several assumptions about this group, its members{\textquoteright} origin, and their role in the events that marked the end of the Late Bronze Age and the transition to the Iron Age. Despite a broad temporal presence in ancient Near Eastern records, there exists limited information about who these Sherden were and where they came from, the circumstances of their entry into the Egyptian and Ugaritic records in which they appear, and where they eventually settled. Further, addressing these questions in traditional fashion relies on the assumption that they were a homogeneous ethnic group with a single shared culture, point of origin, and geographic destination. This study separates the Sherden from the Aegean migration and greater {\textquotedblleft}Sea Peoples{\textquotedblright} phenomenon of the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition in an effort to challenge long-held assumptions about their initial encounter with Ramesses II in the early years of his rule, their role in the famous land battle and naumachia of Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s eighth year, their participation in the migrations that marked the end of the Late Bronze Age, and their status as foreigners to the Levant whose main function was to serve as mercenary soldiers and pirates. Through a close reading of the extant material and literary evidence from the Amarna and Ramesside periods in Egypt, and with support from relevant Ugaritic texts, the role of the Sherden within broader Near Eastern society in general, and amesside Egypt in particular, is shown to be very different from that of the more famous Philistines: one of initial, small-scale intrusion of heterogeneous warriors who originated elsewhere within the eastern Mediterranean world, followed by relative geographic stability over multigenerational periods that was marked by rapid and enduring acculturation and assimilation into Egyptian society.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/1716287/Srdn_of_the_Sea_A_Reassessment_of_the_Sherden_and_their_Role_in_Egyptian_Society},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89061,
	title = {{\textquoteright}{\v S}rdn of the Strongholds, {\v S}rdn of the Sea{\textquoteright}: The Sherden in Egyptian Society, Reassessed},
	booktitle = {63rd Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt},
	year = {2012},
	month = {27-29 Apr.},
	address = {Providence, RI},
	abstract = {Despite a broad temporal presence in Egyptian records, the association of the Sherden with another {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} group, the more well-known and better archaeologically attested Philistines, has led to several assumptions about this group, its members{\textquoteright} origin, and their role both in the events that marked the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age and in Egyptian society as a whole. This study separates the Sherden from the Aegean migration and greater {\textquoteleft}Sea Peoples{\textquoteright} phenomenon of the Late Bronze{\textendash}Early Iron Age transition in an effort to challenge long-held assumptions about their initial encounter with Ramesses II in the early years of his rule, their role in the famous land battle and naumachia of Ramesses III{\textquoteright}s eighth year, their participation in the migrations that marked the end of the Late Bronze Age, and their status as foreigners to the Levant whose main function was to serve as mercenary soldiers and pirates. Through a close reading of the extant literary and pictorial evidence from the New Kingdom and beyond, this paper traces the role of the Sherden within Egyptian society from its adversarial origin, through a phase of combined military cooperation and social exclusion, to a final, multigenerational period that was marked by rapid and enduring acculturation and assimilation into Egyptian society.},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/1716293/Srdn_of_the_Strongholds_Srdn_of_the_Sea_The_Sherden_in_Egyptian_Society_Reassessed},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {408076,
	title = {Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Bin Laden{\textquoteright}s Legacy: Why We{\textquoteright}re Still Losing the War on Terror},
	journal = {Hoboken: John Wiley \& Sons, 2011},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION

In the decade since 9/11, the United States has grown weaker: It has been bogged down by costly wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It has spent billions of dollars on security to protect air travel and other transport, as well as the homeland more generally. Much of this money has been channeled into efforts that are inefficient by design and highly bureaucratic, a lack of coordination between and among the government and an array of contractors making it difficult to evaluate the return on the enormous investment that we have made in national security. Meanwhile, public morale has been sapped by measures ranging from color-coded terror alerts to full-body hand searches.
Now counterterrorism expert Daveed Gartenstein-Ross details the strategic missteps the U.S. has made in the fight against al Qaeda, a group that U.S. planners never really took the time to understand. For this reason, America{\textquoteright}s responses to the terrorist threat have often unwittingly helped al Qaeda achieve its goals. Gartenstein-Ross{\textquoteright}s book explains what the country must do now to stem the bleeding.

Explains in detail al Qaeda{\textquoteright}s strategy to sap and undermine the American economy, and shows how the United States played into the terrorist group{\textquoteright}s hands by expanding the battlefield and setting up an expensive homeland security bureaucracy that has difficulty dealing with a nimble, adaptive foe
Outlines how al Qaeda{\textquoteright}s economic plans have evolved toward an ultimate ""strategy of a thousand cuts,"" which involves smaller yet more frequent attacks against Western societies
Shows how the domestic politicization of terrorism has weakened the United States, skewing its priorities and causing it to misallocate counterterrorism resources
Offers a practical plan for building domestic resiliency against terrorist attacks, and escaping the mistakes that have undermined America{\textquoteright}s war against its jihadist foes

Clearly written and powerfully argued by a prominent counterterrorism expert, this book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand what al Qaeda is really after and how the United States can thwart its goals{\textemdash}or help unwittingly to achieve them.
},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1460209/Bin_Laden_s_Legacy_Why_Were_Still_Losing_the_War_on_Terror_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@booklet {407811,
	title = {William F. McCants, Founding Gods, Inventing Nations: Conquest and Culture Myths from Antiquity to Islam},
	journal = {Princeton University Press, 2011},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {PUBLISHER{\textquoteright}S DESCRIPTION:
From the dawn of writing in Sumer to the sunset of the Islamic empire, Founding Gods, Inventing Nations traces four thousand years of speculation on the origins of civilization. Investigating a vast range of primary sources, some of which are translated here for the first time, and focusing on the dynamic influence of the Greek, Roman, and Arab conquests of the Near East, William McCants looks at the ways the conquerors and those they conquered reshaped their myths of civilization{\textquoteright}s origins in response to the social and political consequences of empire.  The Greek and Roman conquests brought with them a learned culture that competed with that of native elites. The conquering Arabs, in contrast, had no learned culture, which led to three hundred years of Muslim competition over the cultural orientation of Islam, a contest reflected in the culture myths of that time. What we know today as Islamic culture is the product of this contest, whose protagonists drew heavily on the lore of non-Arab and pagan antiquity.  McCants argues that authors in all three periods did not write about civilization{\textquoteright}s origins solely out of pure antiquarian interest--they also sought to address the social and political tensions of the day. The strategies they employed and the postcolonial dilemmas they confronted provide invaluable context for understanding how authors today use myth and history to locate themselves in the confusing aftermath of empire.},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/1460207/_Founding_Gods_Inventing_Nations_The_Role_of_the_Culture_Myth_in_Defining_Social_Legitimacy_REVIEW_},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
@conference {89046,
	title = {Digging for Dagon: A Reassessment of the Archaeological Evidence for a Cult of Philistine Dagon in Iron I Ashdod},
	booktitle = {Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting},
	year = {2011},
	month = {21 Nov.},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	abstract = {Scholars have generally accepted 1 Sam 4:1b{\textendash}7:1{\textquoteright}s portrayal of Philistine cult in the Iron Age I as being centered on the god Dagon and his temple at Ashdod, despite three major limitations: the likely late date of the Deuteronomistic history{\textquoteright}s authorship; the dubious veracity of its historical accounts; and the Bible{\textquoteright}s status as the only Bronze or Iron Age text which indisputably refers to the god Dagon in a Canaanite geographical context. In the light of these limitations, as well as of the late 20th century excavations at the Philistine cities of Ashdod, Tel Qas{\^\i}le, and Tel Miqne/Ekron, and the ongoing excavations at Ashkelon and Tel es{\textendash}Safi/Gath, the time appears ripe for a reassessment of the available material evidence for a Philistine cult of Dagon at Iron I Ashdod. Through a marshaling of archaeological evidence from the aforementioned sites, it will be shown that, though cultic structures are known from multiple Philistine sites, no indisputable evidence for a temple of any kind has been found in Iron I Ashdod. Further, the only deity for which indisputable evidence exists in Philistia at this time is a fertility goddess with Aegean and Cypriot affinities, who is unlikely to be the Dagon of the biblical account. Though the absence of material support for the Deuteronomistic history{\textquoteright}s portrayal of Philistine cult in the Iron I is not itself incontrovertible evidence of the absence of Dagon himself, such a discrepancy between literary and material evidence should reinforce the importance of evidence{\textendash}based archaeo{\textendash}historical analysis of literary information, particularly when the alternative is assuming the correctness of elements of a narrative whose overall veracity is generally in doubt.},
	author = {Jeffrey P. Emanuel}
}
