@conference {12437,
	title = {Opening Doors: The Rising Proportion of Women and Minority Scientists and Engineers in the United States},
	booktitle = {NBER Confer23 ence on Diversifying the Science and Engineering Workforce: Women, Underrepresented Minorities and their S\&E Careers},
	year = {2005},
	month = {14-15 Jan},
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	author = {Tanwin Chang and Hanley Chiang and Richard Freeman}
}
