@inbook {240476,
	title = {Immigration, International Collaboration, and Innovation: Science and Technology Policy in the Global Economy},
	booktitle = {Innovation Policy and the Economy},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {153-175},
	publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research },
	organization = {National Bureau of Economic Research },
	abstract = {Globalization of scientific and technological knowledge has reduced the US share of world scientific activity; increased the foreign-born proportion of scientists and engineers in US universities and in the US labor market; and led to greater US scientific collaborations with other countries.\&nbsp; China{\textquoteright}s massive investments in university education and R\&amp;D has in particular made it a special partner for the US in scientific work.\&nbsp; These developments have substantial implications for US science and technology policy. This paper suggests that aligning immigration policies more closely to the influx of international students; granting fellowships to students working on turning scientific and technological into commercial innovations; and requiring firms with R\&amp;D tax credits or other government R\&amp;D funding develop {\textquotedblleft}impact plans{\textquotedblright} to use their new knowledge to produce innovative products or processes in the US could help the country adjust to the changing global world of science and technology.},
	author = {Richard B. Freeman}
}
