@article {604416,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}How Credible is Trade Union Research? Forty Years of Evidence on the Monopoly-Voice Trade-Off{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = { Industrial and Labor Relations Review},
	volume = {71},
	number = {2},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {287-305},
	abstract = {In this article, the authors assess the credibility of research that hastested the theoretical contests between the monopoly and the collectivevoice model of unions developed by Freeman and Medoff inWhat Do Unions Do? The authors go beyond prior analyses by examiningmore than 2,000 estimates that consider the effects of unionson a broad range of organizational and individual outcomes, includingproductivity, productivity growth, capital investment, profits, andjob satisfaction. They advance our understanding of the currentempirical findings and credibility of this research by using metastatisticalanalysis to evaluate research quality, publication selectionbias, statistical power, and heterogeneity. The authors conclude thatcompared to other areas of economics, research on union effectshas lower bias but larger problems of statistical power. They arguethat Freeman and Medoff{\textquoteright}s monopoly{\textendash}collective voice model helpedproduce more credible results, and they suggest ways to reduce thepower and heterogeneity problems in existing research.},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793917751144},
	author = {Hristos Doucouliagos and Richard B. Freeman and Patrice Laroche and T.D. Stanley}
}
