Ottoman empire

2020
Kramer, Martin. “What "Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa" Teaches About Our Own Plague-Stricken Time.” Mosaic Magazine, 2020, April 21. Web originalAbstract
A famous and sorely misunderstood painting of Napoleon touching plague victims in Palestine illuminates the current moment.
What Bonaparte "Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa" Teaches About Our Own Plague-Stricken Time (pdf)
2016
Kramer, Martin. “Sykes-Picot and the Zionists.” The American Interest (internet), 2016, May 19. Web originalAbstract

Many believe that the 1916 Anglo-French partition of the Ottoman Empire, known as the Sykes-Picot agreement, was a precursor to the Balfour Declaration. To the contrary: Zionists regarded it as "fatal" to their plans, and they worked to undermine it. The Balfour Declaration negated Sykes-Picot, and superseded it.

Sykes-Picot and the Zionists (pdf)
Published on May 19. 2016.