Kramer, Martin. “
Muslim Statecraft and Subversion.” In
Middle East Contemporary Survey 1983-84,
edited by Haim Shaked and Daniel Dishon, 8:158-82. Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 1986.
Google BooksAbstractA survey of inter-Islamic affairs in 1983-84.
Muslim Statecraft and Subversion (pdf) Kramer, Martin.
Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
ACLS Humanities E-BookAbstractLate in the 19th century, Muslims, separated by distance, language, and history, first thought to make their world whole by assembling in congress. "Islam Assembled" traces the roots of political activism in Islam as it took form in these gatherings. From the first fitful initiatives undertaken by a handful of Muslim cosmopolitans to the era when the West began to divest itself of its Muslim possessions and the need for the congresses diminished, "Islam Assembled" traces in detail this crucial but previously untold story.
Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congresses (pdf)