@article {683415,
	title = {Higher Global Diet Quality Score Is Associated with Less 4-Year Weight Gain in US Women},
	journal = {J Nutr},
	volume = {151},
	number = {Supplement_2},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Oct 23},
	pages = {162S-167S},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: We have developed a simple and globally applicable tool, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), to measure diet quality. OBJECTIVES: To test the utility of the GDQS, we examined the associations of the GDQS with weight change and risk of obesity in US women. METHODS: Health, lifestyle, and diet information were collected from women (n\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;68,336) in the Nurses{\textquoteright} Health Study II (aged 27-44 y in 1991) through repeated questionnaires (1991-2015). The GDQS has 25 food groups (maximum\&nbsp;=\&nbsp;49 points) and scoring higher points reflects a healthier diet. The association between GDQS change in 4-y intervals and concurrent weight change was computed with linear models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: Mean\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;SD weight gain across 4-y periods was 1.68\&nbsp;{\textpm}\&nbsp;6.26\&nbsp;kg. A \&gt;5-point improvement in GDQS was associated with -1.13\&nbsp;kg (95\% CI: -1.19, -0.77\&nbsp;kg) weight gain compared with a score change of \&lt;{\textpm}2 points. For each 5-point increase, weight gain was 0.83\&nbsp;kg less for age\&nbsp;\&lt;50\&nbsp;y compared with 0.71\&nbsp;kg less for age\&nbsp;>=50\&nbsp;y (P-interaction\&nbsp;\&lt;\&nbsp;0.05). A \&gt;5-point score decrease was associated with 1.13\&nbsp;kg (95\% CI: 1.04, 1.22\&nbsp;kg) more weight gain in women aged \&lt;50\&nbsp;y and 0.81\&nbsp;kg more (95\% CI: 0.63, 0.98\&nbsp;kg) in women aged\&nbsp;>=50 y. Compared with little change in score, obesity RR was 0.77 (95\% CI: 0.74, 0.81) for a \&gt;5-point increase and 1.32 (95\% CI: 1.26, 1.37) for a \&gt;5-point decrease. Risk of obesity did not differ by age. Compared with other diet quality scores, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 had somewhat stronger associations than the GDQS (P\&nbsp;\&lt;\&nbsp;0.05) but the GDQS had stronger associations than the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women score (P\&nbsp;\&lt;\&nbsp;0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of diet quality as measured by the GDQS was associated with less weight gain and risk of obesity in US women. The association was stronger for women aged \&lt;50\&nbsp;y. Associations similar in direction and magnitude were observed between the GDQS and obesity across age groups.},
	issn = {1541-6100},
	doi = {10.1093/jn/nxab170},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/151/Supplement_2/162S/6409538},
	author = {Fung, Teresa T and Li, Yanping and Sabri Bromage and Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N and Batis, Carolina and Fawzi, Wafaie and Michelle D Holmes and Stampfer, Meir and Hu, Frank B and Megan Deitchler and Willett, Walter C}
}
