The target audience consists of researchers working in academia, medical product industry, health plans, government institutions, regulatory agencies, who have access to large longitudinal healthcare databases. They may use healthcare databases to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions and care patterns, to understand the comparative effectiveness and safety of medical products, to test the impact of coverage changes, or to monitor the outcome of risk-sharing arrangements. (Dr. Schneeweiss, Dr. Fischer, Dr. Hernandez-Diaz)