@article {693031,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Martin Weitzman: A Gift That Keeps on Giving.{\textquotedblright}  },
	journal = {Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists},
	volume = {9},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {843 - 850},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {687424,
	title = {"The Relative Merits of Carbon Pricing Instruments:  Taxes versus Trading"},
	journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1-21},
	abstract = {There is widespread agreement among most economists that economy-wide carbon pricing will be a necessary (although not necessarily sufficient) component of any policy that can achieve meaningful and cost-effective CO2\&nbsp;reductions in large, complex economies. But there is less agreement about which of two carbon pricing instruments will be better. Some support carbon taxes, while others favor cap-and-trade. How do these two pricing approaches compare? In this survey and synthesis of theory and experience, I show that when carbon taxes and carbon cap-and-trade systems are designed in ways that make them truly comparable, their characteristics and outcomes are similar and, in some respects, fully equivalent. But the two approaches can perform quite differently along some specific dimensions, sometimes favoring taxes and sometimes cap-and-trade. The key differences in performance depend on details of program design. Indeed, what appears at first glance to be a dichotomous choice between two distinct instruments can turn out to be a choice of specific design elements along a policy continuum.},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/717773},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {aldy_keep_2021,
	title = {Keep climate policy focused on the social cost of carbon: A proposed shift away from the SCC is ill advised},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {373},
	number = {6557},
	year = {2021},
	note = {[A-104]},
	pages = {850{\textendash}852},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abi7813},
	author = {Joseph E. Aldy and Kotchen, Matthew and Robert N. Stavins and James H. Stock}
}
@article {stavins_book_2021,
	title = {Book Review: James M. Gabler: Passions: The Wines and Travels of Thomas Jefferson},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2021},
	note = {[A-103]},
	pages = {102{\textendash}114},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_domestic_2021,
	title = {Domestic Challenges Could Limit New US Climate Policy},
	journal = {East Asia Quarterly},
	year = {2021},
	note = {[D-174]},
	pages = {42{\textendash}43},
	url = {https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n8204/pdf/book.pdf},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_biden_2021,
	title = {The Biden Administration and International Climate Change Policy and Action},
	journal = {Lawfare},
	year = {2021},
	note = {[D-172]},
	url = {https://www.lawfareblog.com/biden-administration-and-international-climate-change-policy-and-action},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_review_2021,
	title = {Review of Somm 3},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {423{\textendash}426},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_what_2021,
	title = {What to Expect on Energy and Environmental Policy from the New U.S. Administration},
	journal = {Warsaw Enterprise Institute},
	year = {2021},
	note = {D-173},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@booklet {661596,
	title = {The Economic Case for the United States to Remain in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change},
	journal = {Grantham Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London},
	year = {2020},
	note = {[D-171]},
	author = {A. Bowen and M. Burke and C. Donovan and K. Gillingham and F. Moore and R. Stavins and Wagner, G. and B. Ward}
}
@article {aldy_rolling_2020,
	title = {Rolling the Dice in the Corridors of Power: William Nordhaus{\textquoteright}s Impacts on Climate Change Policy},
	journal = {Harvard Environmental Economics Program Discussion Paper Series},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {The seminal contributions of William Nordhaus to scholarship on the long-run macroeconomics of global climate change are clear. Much more challenging to identify are the impacts of Nordhaus and his research on public policy in this domain. We examine three conceptually distinct pathways for that influence: his personal participation in the policy world; his research{\textquoteright}s direct contribution to the formulation and evaluation of public policy; and his research{\textquoteright}s indirect role informing public policy. Many of the themes that emerge in this assessment of the contributions of one of the most important economists to have worked in the domain of climate change analysis apply more broadly to the roles played by other leading economists in this and other policy domains.},
	author = {Joseph E. Aldy and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_future_2020,
	title = {The Future of U.S. Carbon-Pricing Policy},
	journal = {Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2020},
	note = {[A-97]},
	pages = {8{\textendash}64},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {645605,
	title = {The Madrid climate conference{\textquoteright}s real failure was not getting a broad deal on global climate markets.},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2019},
	url = {https://theconversation.com/the-madrid-climate-conferences-real-failure-was-not-getting-a-broad-deal-on-global-carbon-markets-129001},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_double_2019,
	title = {Double Counting and the Paris Agreement Rulebook},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {366},
	number = {6462},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[A-98]},
	pages = {180{\textendash}183},
	author = {Stavins, R. N. and Schneider, L and Duan, M and Kizzier, K and Broekhoff, D and Jotzo, F and Winkler, H and Lazarus, M and Howard, A and Hood, C}
}
@article {stavins_book_2019,
	title = {Book Review: Gert Crum and Jan Bartelsman: Le Domaine de la Romanee-Conti."},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[A-100]},
	pages = {224{\textendash}227},
	author = {Stavins, R. N.}
}
@article {643748,
	title = {Policy Evolution Under the Clean Air Act},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	volume = {33},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[A-99]},
	pages = {27-50},
	url = {https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.4.27},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Schmalensee, Richard}
}
@article {stavins_learning_2019,
	title = {Learning from Thirty Years Cap \&amp; Trade},
	journal = {Resources},
	number = {201},
	year = {2019},
	url = {https://www.resourcesmag.org/archives/learning-thirty-years-cap-trade/},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert Stavins}
}
@article {schatzki_transitioning_2019,
	title = {Transitioning to Long-Run Effective and Efficient Climate Policies},
	journal = {Discussion Paper},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[F-40]},
	author = {Schatzki, Todd and Scott, R. and Stavins, R. N.}
}
@book {stavins_economics_2019,
	title = {Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings, Seventh Edition},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[B-12]},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	edition = {Seventh},
	address = {Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, Mass},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {mehling_linking_2019,
	title = {Linking Heterogeneous Climate Policies (Consistent with the Paris Agreement).},
	journal = {Environmental Law},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {[A-95]},
	pages = {647{\textendash}698},
	abstract = {The Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has achieved one of two key necessary conditions for ultimate success{\textemdash}a broad base of participation among the countries of the world. But another key necessary condition has yet to be achieved{\textemdash}adequate collective ambition of the individual nationally determined contributions. How can the climate negotiators provide a structure that will include incentives to increase ambition over time? An important part of the answer can be international linkage of regional, national, and sub-national policies, that is, formal recognition of emission reductions undertaken in another jurisdiction for the purpose of meeting a Party{\textquoteright}s own mitigation objectives. A central challenge is how to facilitate such linkage in the context of the very great heterogeneity that characterizes climate policies along five dimensions: type of policy instrument, level of government jurisdiction, status of that jurisdiction under the Paris Agreement, nature of the policy instrument{\textquoteright}s target, and the nature along several dimensions of each Party{\textquoteright}s Nationally Determined Contribution. We consider such heterogeneity among policies, and identify which linkages of various combinations of characteristics are feasible; of these, which are most promising; and what accounting mechanisms would make the operation of respective linkages consistent with the Paris Agreement.},
	author = {Mehling, Michael A. and Metcalf, Gilbert E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {chan_international_2018,
	title = {International Climate Change Policy},
	journal = {Annual Review of Resource Economics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[A-94]},
	pages = {335{\textendash}360},
	abstract = {International cooperation to address the threat of climate change has become more institutionally diverse over the past decade, reflecting multiple scales of governance and the growing inclusion of climate change issues in other policy arenas. Cooperation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has continued to evolve from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement, while other governmental and private sector international fora for cooperation have arisen. As the level of activity in international cooperation on climate change mitigation has increased, so too has the related scholarly literature. In this review, we synthesize the literature on international climate change cooperation and identify key policy implications, as well as those findings most relevant for the research community. Our scope includes critical evaluation of the organization and implementation of agreements and instruments, retrospective analysis of cooperative efforts, and explanations of successes and failures.},
	author = {Gabriel Chan and Robert Stavins and Zou Ji}
}
@booklet {schatzki_ghg_2018,
	title = {GHG Cap-and-Trade: Implications for Effective and Efficient Climate Policy in Oregon},
	number = {DP\_92},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard Environmental Economics Program},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	author = {Schatzki, Todd and Robert Stavins}
}
@booklet {noauthor_policy_2018,
	title = {Policy Evolution Under the Clean Air Act},
	number = {DP\_79},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Harvard Environmental Economics Program},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	abstract = {The U.S. Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 with strong bipartisan support, was the first environmental law to give the Federal government a serious regulatory role, established the architecture of the U.S. air pollution control system, and became a model for subsequent environmental laws in the United States and globally. We outline the Act{\textquoteright}s key provisions, as well as the main changes Congress has made to it over time. We assess the evolution of air pollution control policy under the Clean Air Act, with particular attention to the types of policy instruments used. We provide a generic assessment of the major types of policy instruments, and we trace and assess the historical evolution of EPA{\textquoteright}s policy instrument use, with particular focus on the increased use of market-based policy instruments, beginning in the 1970s and culminating in the 1990s. Over the past fifty years, air pollution regulation has gradually become much more complex, and over the past twenty years, policy debates have become increasingly partisan and polarized, to the point that it has become impossible to amend the Act or pass other legislation to address the new threat of climate change.},
	author = {Richard, Schmalensee and Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_reflections_2018,
	title = {Some Reflections on the Role of Economics in Environmental Policy},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[D-164]},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Stavins, R. N.}
}
@article {stavins_linkage_2018,
	title = {Linkage Will Prove Essential for Ultimate Success of Paris Agreement},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {35},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[D-163]},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Stavins, R. N.}
}
@article {stavins_should_2018,
	title = {Should California Develop the State{\textquoteright}s Large Petroleum Resources?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {35},
	number = {4},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[D-162]},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_film_2018,
	title = {Film Review: Rudi Goldman: Burgundy: People with a Passion for Wine.{\textquotedblright} Journal of Wine Economics 13(2018):105-108. [A-93]},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[A-93]},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_linking_2018,
	title = {Linking Climate Policies to Advance Global Mitigation},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {359},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[A-92]},
	pages = {997{\textendash}998},
	author = {Stavins, R. N. and Mehling, Michael A. and Metcalf, Gilbert E.}
}
@article {stavins_worlds_2018,
	title = {World{\textquoteright}s Largest Carbon Market is Scheduled for 2020 Launch in China},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {Volume 35},
	number = {2},
	year = {2018},
	note = {[D-160]},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_terroir_2017,
	title = {Terroir in the New World Hedonic Estimation of Vineyard Sale Prices in California},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {12},
	number = {3},
	year = {2017},
	note = {[A-91]},
	pages = {282{\textendash}301},
	abstract = {In the Old-World vineyards of Europe, a key concept that plays an important role in the production and appreciation of wines is terroir, which refers to the special characteristics of a place that impart unique qualities to the wine produced. We examine whether terroir matters in the New-World wines produced in California{\textquoteright}s Napa and Sonoma Counties by conducting a hedonic price analysis of vineyard sales over the period 1991 to 2007 to determine the relative effects on vineyard sales prices of designated appellations versus biophysical site attributes commonly associated with terroir, such as slope, aspect, elevation, and climate. Because vineyards that are sold are not necessarily representative of the universe of vineyards, we employ Heckman{\textquoteright}s two-stage econometric approach to control for possible sample-selection bias. We find that intrinsic site attributes and designated appellations influence vineyard prices, although our results are stronger and more consistent with regard to the influence of appellations. This finding indicates that terroir matters economically, even if the designated appellations have relatively less connection in reality with terroir. (JEL Classifications: C2, Q11)},
	url = {http://www.wine-economics.org/aawe/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Vol12-Issue03-Terroir-in-the-New-World-Hedonic-Estimation-of-Vineyard-Sale-Prices-in-California.pdf},
	author = {Stavins, R. N. and Cross, Robin and Plantinga, Andrew J.}
}
@article {gerarden_todd_d._assessing_2017,
	title = {Assessing the Energy-Efficiency Gap},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	volume = {55},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {[A-90]},
	pages = {1486{\textendash}1525},
	abstract = {Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promise for reducing the financial costs and environmental damages associated with energy use, but it has long been observed that these technologies may not be adopted by individuals and firms to the degree that might be justified, even on a purely financial basis. We survey the relevant literature on this "energy-efficiency gap" by presenting two complementary frameworks. First, we divide potential explanations for the energy-efficiency gap into three categories: market failures, behavioral explanations, and model and measurement errors. Second, we organize previous research in terms of the fundamental elements of cost-minimizing energy-efficiency decisions. This provides a decomposition that organizes thinking around four questions. First, are product offerings and pricing economically efficient? Second, are energy operating costs inefficiently priced and/or understood? Third, are product choices cost minimizing in present value terms? Fourth, do other costs inhibit more energy-efficient decisions? We synthesize academic research on these questions, with an emphasis on recent empirical findings, and offer suggestions for future research.},
	keywords = {[A-90]},
	author = {Gerarden, Todd D., R.G. Newell and R. Stavins}
}
@article {581546,
	title = {The Design of Environmental Markets: What Have We Learned From Experience With Cap and Trade?},
	journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
	volume = {33},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {[A-89]},
	pages = {572-588},
	abstract = {This article reviews the design of environmental markets for pollution control over the past 30 years, and identifies key market-design lessons for future applications. The focus is on a subset of the cap-and-trade systems that have been implemented, planned, or proposed around the world. Three criteria led us to the selection of systems for review. First, among the broader class of tradable permit systems, our focus is exclusively on cap-and-trade mechanisms, thereby excluding emission-reduction-credit or offset programmes. Second, among cap-and-trade mechanisms, we examine only those that target pollution abatement, and so we do not include applications to natural resource management, such as individual transferable quota systems used to regulate fisheries. Third, we focus on the most prominent applications{\textemdash}those that are particularly important environmentally, economically, or both.},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {581521,
	title = {What Have We Learned from 30 Years of Cap-and-Trade Programs?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {6},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-158},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_authority_2017,
	title = {Authority, Credibility, Influence: What U.S. Loses in Paris Pullout},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-157},
	pages = {17},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_economics_2017,
	title = {The Economics (and Politics) of Trump{\textquoteright}s Paris Withdrawal},
	journal = {PBS NewsHour},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-156},
	month = {jun},
	chapter = {Making Sen\$e},
	abstract = {The announcement by President Trump that he will withdraw the United States from the Paris climate agreement was based neither on real science nor sound economics.},
	url = {http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/column-economics-politics-trumps-paris-withdrawal/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_goodbye_2017,
	title = {Goodbye Paris, Hello Nicaragua: Why Trump{\textquoteright}s Withdrawl From The Climate Accord Is Bad For America},
	journal = {WGBH News},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-153},
	abstract = {President Trump{\textquoteright}s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement was both confused and misguided, and his justifications were, for the most part, false.},
	url = {http://news.wgbh.org/2017/06/02/news/goodbye-paris-hello-nicaragua-why-trumps-withdrawl-climate-accord-bad-america},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_will_2017,
	title = {Will the Trump Administration Realize the Many Benefits of Paris?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-155},
	pages = {17},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_why_2017,
	title = {Why Trump Pulled the U.S. Out of the Paris Accord},
	journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-154},
	abstract = {Trump{\textquoteright}s decision to withdraw the nation from the Paris climate agreement was not based on science or sound economics, but on a confused, misguided, and simply dishonest desire to score some short-term political points with his voters. What he sacrifices in the long term will be immensely more difficult for the country to win back at the ballot box: authority, credibility, and influence.},
	keywords = {a, C, e, g, h, i, l, m, n, t},
	issn = {0015-7120},
	url = {https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-06-05/why-trump-pulled-us-out-paris-accord},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_californias_2017,
	title = {California{\textquoteright}s Climate-Change Advances Could Be Jeopardized by Ill-Conceived Senate Bill},
	journal = {The Sacramento Bee},
	year = {2017},
	note = {
	D-152

},
	url = {http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article149569934.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_evolution_2017,
	title = {The Evolution of Environmental Economics: A View from the Inside},
	journal = {The Singapore Economic Review},
	volume = {62},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	note = {
	A-88

},
	pages = {251{\textendash}274},
	abstract = {
	This essay provides one economist{\textquoteright}s perspective on the two-decade evolution of the field of environmental economics, by tracing it through personal reflections on the professional path that has led to my research and writing. Also, the article summarizes the highlights of some of my research and writing during this period.

},
	issn = {0217-5908},
	doi = {10.1142/S0217590816500399},
	url = {http://www.worldscientific.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217590816500399},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {ki-moon_why_2017,
	title = {Why the US Should Stay in the Paris Climate Agreement},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-151},
	url = {https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2017/04/20/why-should-stay-paris-climate-agreement/w2akTLmxR891Yhz1ziSduO/story.html},
	author = {Ki-moon, Ban and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_is_2017,
	title = {Is President Trump{\textquoteright}s Climate Policy an Oxymoron?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-150},
	pages = {17},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {schmalensee_lessons_2017,
	title = {Lessons Learned from Three Decades of Experience with Cap and Trade},
	journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	note = {A-87},
	pages = {59{\textendash}79},
	issn = {1750-6816},
	doi = {10.1093/reep/rew017},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/reep/article/11/1/59/3066276/Lessons-Learned-from-Three-Decades-of-Experience},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_california_2017,
	title = {California Steps Forward on Climate but Emphasizes a Poor Policy Choice},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {2},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-149},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_onerous_2017,
	title = {Onerous for Experts, IPCC Process in Danger of Becoming Politicized},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	note = {D-148},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@newspaperarticle {stavins_robert_n._what_2016,
	title = {What Does Trump{\textquoteright}s Victory Mean for Climate Change Policy?},
	journal = {PBS NewsHour},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-147},
	url = {http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/trumps-victory-mean-climate-change-policy/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@newspaperarticle {stavins_goodbye_2016,
	title = {Goodbye to the Climate},
	journal = {The New York Times},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-146},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	abstract = {If Trump lives up to his campaign rhetoric, the country{\textquoteright}s efforts to reverse climate change will themselves be reversed....},
	keywords = {Clinton, Donald J, Hillary Rodham, Presidential Election of 2016, Trump},
	issn = {0362-4331},
	url = {http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/opinion/election-night-2016/goodbye-to-the-climate},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@newspaperarticle {goulder_new_2016,
	title = {New Emissions Targets Make Cap and Trade the Best Low-Cost, Market-Based Approach},
	journal = {The Sacramento Bee},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-145},
	url = {http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/soapbox/article110900142.html},
	author = {Goulder, Lawrence H. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_key_2016,
	title = {A Key Challenge for Sustained Success of the Paris Agreement},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-144},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_cap-and-trade:_2016,
	title = {Cap-and-Trade: How California Can Lead on Climate Policy},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	number = {5},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-143},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_ever-evolving_2016,
	title = {The Ever-Evolving Interrelationship Between GDP and Carbon Dioxide},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-142},
	pages = {17},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_paris_2016,
	title = {The Paris Agreement Lays a Good Foundation for Climate Progress},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-141},
	pages = {13},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_paris_2016,
	title = {The Paris Agreement {\textendash} A Good Foundation for Meaningful Progress},
	journal = {Green Fiscal Policy Network Newsletter},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-140},
	pages = {1{\textendash}4},
	edition = {4},
	url = {http://www.greenfiscalpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Newsletter-March-2016.pdf},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_states_2016,
	title = {State{\textquoteright}s Low Carbon Fuel Standard Doesn{\textquoteright}t Cut Net Emissions},
	journal = {Capitol Weekly},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-139},
	url = {http://capitolweekly.net/low-carbon-fuel-standard-emissions-cut8909-2/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_trade_2016,
	title = {Trade Talks Can Follow Path of Paris Climate Change Agreement},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-138},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {chan_reforming_2016,
	title = {Reforming the IPCC{\textquoteright}s Assessment of Climate Change Economics},
	journal = {Climate Change Economics},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	note = {A-86},
	abstract = {The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is broadly viewed as the world{\textquoteright}s most legitimate scientific assessment body that periodically assesses the economics of climate change (among many other topics) for policy audiences. However, growing procedural inefficiencies and limitations to substantive coverage have made the IPCC an increasingly unattractive forum for the most qualified climate economists. Drawing on our observations and personal experience working on the most recent IPCC report, published last year, we propose four reforms to the IPCC{\textquoteright}s process that we believe will lower the cost for volunteering as an IPCC author: improving interactions between governments and academics, making IPCC operations more efficient, clarifying and strengthening conflict of interest rules, and expanding outreach. We also propose three reforms to the IPCC{\textquoteright}s substantive coverage to clarify the IPCC{\textquoteright}s role and to make participation as an author more intellectually rewarding: complementing the IPCC with other initiatives, improving the integration of economics with other disciplines, and providing complete data for policymakers to make decisions. Despite the distinct characteristics of the IPCC that create challenges for authors unlike those in any other review body, we continue to believe in the importance of the IPCC for providing the most visible line of public communication between the scholarly community and policymakers.},
	issn = {2010-0078},
	doi = {10.1142/S2010007816400017},
	url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2010007816400017},
	author = {Gabriel Chan and Carlo Carraro and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Charles Kolstad and Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_are_2016,
	title = {Are the Pope{\textquoteright}s Critiques of Markets on Point or Somewhat Misguided?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2016},
	note = {D-133},
	pages = {15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_science_2015,
	title = {From the Science to the Economics and Politics of Climate Change: An Introduction},
	booktitle = {Our World and Us: How Our Environment and Our Societies Will Change},
	year = {2015},
	note = {C-37},
	pages = {20{\textendash}36},
	publisher = {Allianz Group},
	organization = {Allianz Group},
	address = {Munich, Germany},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Barysch, Katinka}
}
@booklet {stavins_cop21_2015,
	title = {COP21 is Still on Track as Countries Drop Their More Unfeasible Ambitions},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-136},
	abstract = {Progress is being made at the Paris climate talks, as negotiators being to accept the limits of what can and can{\textquoteright}t be delivered.},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/cop21-is-still-on-track-as-countries-drop-their-more-unfeasible-ambitions-51918},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_five-point_2015,
	title = {A Five-Point Scorecard That Predicts Success at the Paris Climate Talks},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-135},
	abstract = {I returned from a brief trip to Paris two days before the horrific events of November 13, which shocked and saddened civilised people everywhere. I was in Paris for discussions regarding climate change{\textellipsis}},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/a-five-point-scorecard-that-predicts-success-at-the-paris-climate-talks-51380},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_thanks_2015,
	title = {Thanks to Paris, We Have a Foundation for Meaningful Climate Progress},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-137},
	month = {dec},
	abstract = {The Paris deal has laid the foundations for real global progress on climate change. On that score, it must be judged a huge success.},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/thanks-to-paris-we-have-a-foundation-for-meaningful-climate-progress-52525},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {lawrence_what_2015,
	title = {What the WTO Can Learn from Paris Climate Talks},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-134},
	abstract = {Negotiators for the discussions to take place in Nairobi should emulate the progress made in the climate change agreements.},
	url = {https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/12/07/what-wto-can-learn-from-paris-climate-talks/tDgbWaGR2a4TvMgHeYNZCP/story.html},
	author = {Lawrence, Robert and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_linkage_2015,
	title = {Linkage of Regional, National, and Sub-National Policies in a Future International Climate Agreement},
	booktitle = {Towards a Workable and Effective Climate Regime},
	year = {2015},
	note = {C-36},
	pages = {283{\textendash}296},
	publisher = {Center for Economic Policy Research},
	organization = {Center for Economic Policy Research},
	address = {London, U.K.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_key_2015,
	title = {A Key Element for the Climate Talks},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-132},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {carraro_ipcc_2015,
	title = {The IPCC at a Crossroads: Opportunities for Reform},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {350},
	year = {2015},
	note = {A-85},
	pages = {34{\textendash}35},
	abstract = {The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has proven its value as an institution for large-scale scientific collaboration to synthesize and assess large volumes of climate research for use by policy-makers, as well as for establishing credibility of findings among diverse national governments. But the IPCC has received considerable criticism of both its substance and process. The new IPCC leadership to be elected in October could help guide the IPCC to a clear, shared understanding of future objectives and could shape procedural reforms. We identify key opportunities for reform by addressing two related questions: Is the IPCC doing the right things? Is the IPCC doing things right?},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aac4419},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6256/34},
	author = {Carlo Carraro and Edenhofer, Ottmar and Flachsland, Christian and Charles Kolstad and Robert N. Stavins and Robert Stowe}
}
@article {stavins_is_2015,
	title = {Is Cheap Oil Good News or Bad?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-131},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {bodansky_facilitating_2015,
	title = {Facilitating Linkage of Climate Policies through the Paris Outcome},
	journal = {Climate Policy},
	year = {2015},
	note = {A-84},
	pages = {1{\textendash}17},
	abstract = {The Durban Platform for Enhanced Action negotiations are likely to lead to a Paris outcome that embodies a hybrid climate policy architecture, combining top-down elements, such as for monitoring, reporting, and verification, with bottom-up elements, including {\textquoteleft}Intended Nationally Determined Contributions{\textquoteright} from participating countries, detailing plans to reduce emissions, based on national circumstances. For such a system to be cost-effective {\textendash} and thus more likely to embody greater ambition {\textendash} a key feature will be linkages among regional, national, and sub-national climate policies. By linkage, we mean formal recognition by a mitigation programme in one jurisdiction of emission reductions undertaken in another jurisdiction for the purposes of complying with the first jurisdiction{\textquoteright}s requirements. The Paris outcome could play at least four different roles with respect to linkage of heterogeneous policy instruments. First, it could discourage linkage, either by not allowing countries to count international transfers toward their mitigation contributions, or by limiting the number or types of transferred units that can be counted for compliance purposes. Second, it could be silent on the topic of linkage, creating legal and regulatory uncertainty about whether international transfers are allowed. Third, it could expressly authorize linkage but not provide any further details about how linkage should occur, leaving it to future United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiating sessions to work out the details or to national governments to develop bilateral or multilateral linkage arrangements. Finally, the Paris outcome could establish institutional arrangements and rules that facilitate and promote linkage. We examine how a future international policy architecture could help facilitate the growth and operation of a robust system of international linkages. Several design elements merit serious consideration for inclusion in the Paris outcome, either in the core agreement or by establishing a process for subsequent international elaboration. At the same time, including detailed linkage rules in the core agreement is not desirable because this could make it difficult for rules to evolve in light of experience.Policy relevanceThese findings have implications for the efficient and effective design of an international climate policy architecture by detailing the role that linkage can play in supporting heterogeneous climate policies at the regional, national, and sub-national levels.},
	issn = {1469-3062},
	doi = {10.1080/14693062.2015.1069175},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1069175},
	author = {Bodansky, Daniel M. and Hoedl, Seth A. and Metcalf, Gilbert E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_breakthrough_2015,
	title = {A Breakthrough Climate Accord in Lima but a Tough Road to Paris},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-126},
	abstract = {In the early morning hours of Sunday, December 14th last year, climate negotiators in Lima, Peru concluded the COP-20 talks with an agreement among 195 countries. The Lima Call for Climate Action, or Lima{\textellipsis}},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/a-breakthrough-climate-accord-in-lima-but-a-tough-road-to-paris-36747},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_s_2015,
	title = {The UN{\textquoteright}s Climate Change Body Looks Inward to Move Ahead},
	journal = {The Conversation},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-128},
	abstract = {At a crossroads with its chairman leaving, the UN{\textquoteright}s IPCC looks to engage more social scientists and representatives from developing countries.},
	url = {http://theconversation.com/the-uns-climate-change-body-looks-inward-to-move-ahead-38412},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_assessing_2015,
	title = {Assessing the Energy Paradox.(achieving Energy Efficiency Technologies Cost Benefits)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-130},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Company business management, Cost benefit analysis, Cost benefit analysis{\textendash}Methods, Energy efficiency{\textendash}Management, Renewable energy{\textendash}Economic aspects, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {gerarden_assessing_2015,
	title = {Assessing the Energy-Efficiency Gap},
	year = {2015},
	note = {F-36},
	publisher = {Harvard Environmental Economics Program},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promise for reducing the financial costs and environmental damages associated with energy use, but these technologies appear not to be adopted by consumers and businesses to the degree that would apparently be justified, even on a purely financial basis. We present two complementary frameworks for understanding this so-called {\textquotedblleft}energy paradox{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}energy-efficiency gap.{\textquotedblright} First, we build on the previous literature by dividing potential explanations for the energy-efficiency gap into three categories: market failures, behavioral anomalies, and model and measurement errors. Second, we posit that it is useful to think in terms of the fundamental elements of cost-minimizing energy-efficiency decisions. This provides a decomposition that organizes thinking around four questions. First, are product offerings and pricing economically efficient? Second, are energy operating costs inefficiently priced and/or understood? Third, are product choices cost-minimizing in present value terms? Fourth, do other costs inhibit more energy-efficient decisions? We review empirical evidence on these questions, with an emphasis on recent advances, and offer suggestions for future research.},
	url = {http://heep.hks.harvard.edu/publications/assessing-energy-efficiency-gap},
	author = {Gerarden, Todd D. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {carraro_assessment_2015,
	title = {Assessment and Communication of the Social Science of Climate Change: Bridging Research and Policy},
	year = {2015},
	note = {A-83},
	month = {feb},
	abstract = {On February 18-20, 2015, twenty-four experts gathered in Berlin to explore approaches to improving the process by which research on climate change is assessed {\textendash} with a focus on the social-sciences (economics, political science, policy studies). The workshop was sponsored by the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, and the Stanford Environmental and Energy Policy Analysis Center. Leaders of three of the sponsoring organizations, Carlo Carraro (FEEM), Charles Kolstad (Stanford University), and Robert Stavins (Harvard Kennedy School), have prepared a memorandum drawing from the workshop. The memo describes the specific challenges and opportunities facing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and provides recommendations for improving the IPCC{\textquoteright}s process of assessing scientific research on climate change.},
	keywords = {Climate Change, Sustainable Development},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2571321},
	author = {Carlo Carraro and Kolstad, Charles D. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_cop-20_2015,
	title = {COP-20 in Lima: A New Way Forward.(conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-127},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {928120, International, International Affairs, International environmental law{\textendash}Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_international_2015,
	title = {International cooperation: Agreements \&amp; instruments},
	booktitle = {Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change},
	year = {2015},
	note = {C-35},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA},
	author = {Robert Stavins and Zou, Ji and Brewer, Thomas and Conte Grand, Mariana and den Elzen, Michel and Finus, Michael and Gupta, Joyeeta and H{\"o}hne, Niklas and Lee, Myung-Kyoon and Michaelowa, Axel and Paterson, Matthew and Kilaparti, Ramakrishna and Wen, Gang and Wiener, Jonathan and Winkler, Harald},
	editor = {Edenhofer, Ottmar and Pichs-Madruga, Ramon and Sokona, Youba and Farahani, Ellie and Kadner, Susanne and Seyboth, Kristin and Adler, Anna and Baum, Ina and Brunner, Steffen and Eickemeier, Patrick and Kriemann, Benjamin and Savolainen, Jussi and Schl{\"o}mer, Steffen and von Stechow, Christoph and Zwickel, Timm and Minx, Jan}
}
@article {stavins_ipcc_2015,
	title = {The IPCC at a Crossroads.(intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-129},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {928120, evaluation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International, International Affairs, International environmental law{\textendash}Evaluation},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {ranson_linkage_2015,
	title = {Linkage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems: Learning from Experience},
	journal = {Climate Policy},
	year = {2015},
	note = {A-82},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {1{\textendash}17},
	abstract = {The last ten years have seen the growth of linkages between many of the world{\textquoteright}s cap-and-trade systems for GHGs, both directly between systems, and indirectly via connections to credit systems such as the Clean Development Mechanism. If nations have tried to act in their own self-interest, this proliferation of linkages implies that for many nations, the expected benefits of linkage outweighed expected costs. In this article, we draw on the past decade of experience with carbon markets to examine why systems have demonstrated this revealed preference for linking. Linkage is a multi-faceted policy decision that can be used by political jurisdictions to achieve a variety of objectives, and we find qualitative evidence that many economic, political, and strategic factors {\textendash} ranging from geographic proximity to integrity of emissions reductions {\textendash} influence the decision to link. We also identify some potentially important effects of linkage, such as loss of control over domestic carbon policies, which do not appear to have deterred real-world decisions to link.Policy relevanceThese findings have implications for the future role that decentralized linkages may play in international climate policy architecture. The Kyoto Protocol has entered what is probably its final commitment period, covering only a small fraction of global GHG emissions. Under the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, negotiators may now gravitate toward a hybrid system, combining top-down elements for establishing targets with bottom-up elements of pledge-and-review tied to national policies and actions. The incentives for linking these national policies are likely to continue to produce direct connections among regional, national, and sub-national cap-and-trade systems. The growing network of decentralized, direct linkages among these systems may turn out to be a key part of a future hybrid climate policy architecture.},
	issn = {1469-3062},
	doi = {10.1080/14693062.2014.997658},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2014.997658},
	author = {Matthew Ranson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_summary_2015,
	title = {Summary for Policymakers},
	booktitle = {Climate Change 2014: Mitigation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fifth Assessment Report, Working Group III},
	year = {2015},
	note = {C-34},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and With all other Coordinating Lead Authors plus selected Lead Authors}
}
@article {stavins_when_2015,
	title = {When leaders meet in Paris.(for the UN Earth Summit 2015)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2015},
	note = {D-125},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {1997, 562119, 924110, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Political aspects, International, Other Waste Collection, Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_divestment_2014,
	title = {Divestment Is No Substitute For Real Action on Climate Change},
	journal = {Yale Environment 360},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-115},
	month = {mar},
	url = {http://e360.yale.edu/feature/counterpoint_robert_stavins_divestment_no_substitute_for_real_action_on_climate/2749/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_cap_2014,
	title = {Cap and Trade Is the Only Feasible Way of Cutting Emissions},
	journal = {The New York Times},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-118},
	abstract = {With 30 years of success, even if uneven at times, pricing regimes have provided incentives to achieve goals in the least expensive manner. By Robert N. Stavins.},
	issn = {0362-4331},
	url = {http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/06/01/can-the-market-stave-off-global-warming/cap-and-trade-is-the-only-feasible-way-of-cutting-emissions},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_climate_2014,
	title = {Climate Realities},
	journal = {The New York Times},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-121},
	month = {sep},
	abstract = {The world is now on track to more than double current greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere by the end of the century.},
	keywords = {air pollution, Carbon Dioxide, China, Environment, global warming, Greenhouse gas emissions, international relations, Regulation and Deregulation of Industry, United Nations, United States, Water Pollution},
	issn = {0362-4331},
	url = {http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/opinion/sunday/climate-realities.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_summit_2014,
	title = {UN Summit Can Accelerate Momentum to a New Approach to Climate Change},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-122},
	month = {sep},
	url = {https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/09/23/climate-change-talks-summit-can-accelerate-momentum-new-approach/mG3BGxMSNrJWOFnuK7ObNP/story.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_should_2014,
	title = {Should Endowments Divest Their Holdings in Fossil Fuels?},
	journal = {Wall Street Journal},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-124},
	chapter = {Special},
	abstract = {Ellen Dorsey of the Wallace Global Fund says they should, for moral and financial reasons. Harvard{\textquoteright}s Robert Stavins counters that divestment is a symbolic act that would achieve little and cost much.},
	issn = {0099-9660},
	url = {http://www.wsj.com/articles/should-endowments-divest-their-holdings-in-fossil-fuels-1416779351},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {gerarden_assessment_2014,
	title = {An Assessment of the Energy-Efficiency Gap and its Implications for Climate-Change Policy},
	year = {2014},
	note = {F-34},
	month = {nov},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {Improving end-use energy efficiency{\textemdash}that is, the energy-efficiency of individuals, households, and firms as they consume energy{\textemdash}is often cited as an important element in efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Arguments for improving energy efficiency usually rely on the idea that energy-efficient technologies will save end users money over time and thereby provide low-cost or no-cost options for reducing GHG emissions. However, some research suggests that energy-efficient technologies appear not to be adopted by consumers and businesses to the degree that would seem justified, even on a purely financial basis. We review in this paper the evidence for a range of explanations for this apparent "energy-efficiency gap." We find most explanations are grounded in sound economic theory, but the strength of empirical support for these explanations varies widely. Retrospective program evaluations suggest the cost of GHG abatement varies considerably across different energy-efficiency investments and can diverge substantially from the predictions of prospective models. Findings from research on the energy-efficiency gap could help policy makers generate social and private benefits from accelerating the diffusion of energy-efficient technologies{\textemdash}including reduction of GHG emissions.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/24749},
	author = {Gerarden, Todd D. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins and Stowe, Robert C.}
}
@booklet {stavins_chinese_2014,
	title = {Chinese and US Climate Interests Are Converging},
	journal = {China Dialogue},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-117},
	abstract = {Bilateral climate change negotiations between China and the US are the most significant development since the Kyoto Protocol},
	url = {https://www.chinadialogue.net/blog/6952-Chinese-and-US-climate-interests-are-converging/en},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_convergence_2014,
	title = {A Convergence of Interests at COP-19.(2013 Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-114},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {1992, 928120, International, International Affairs, International environmental law{\textendash}Conferences, meetings and seminars, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {fowlie_economic_2014,
	title = {An Economic Perspective on the EPA{\textquoteright}s Clean Power Plan},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {346},
	year = {2014},
	note = {A-81},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {815{\textendash}816},
	abstract = {In June, the Obama Administration unveiled its proposal for a Clean Power Plan, which it estimates would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from existing U.S. power plants 30\% below 2005 levels by 2030 (see the chart). Power plant emissions have declined substantially since 2005, so the plan is seeking reductions of about 18\% from current levels. Electricity generation accounts for about 40\% of U.S. CO2 emissions.},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1261349},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6211/815},
	author = {Fowlie, Meredith and Goulder, Lawrence and Kotchen, Matthew and Borenstein, Severin and Bushnell, James and Davis, Lucas and Michael Greenstone and Charles Kolstad and Knittel, Christopher and Robert Stavins and Wara, Michael and Wolak, Frank and Catherine Wolfram}
}
@booklet {bodansky_facilitating_2014-1,
	title = {Facilitating Linkage of Heterogeneous Regional, National, and Sub-National Climate Policies Through a Future International Agreement: Executive Summary},
	year = {2014},
	note = {F-33},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {Negotiations pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action appear likely to lead to a 2015 Paris agreement that embodies a hybrid climate policy architecture, combining top-down elements, such as for monitoring, reporting, and verification, with bottom-up elements, including {\textquotedblleft}nationally determined contributions{\textquotedblright} from each participating country, detailing what it intends to do to reduce emissions, based on its national circumstances. For such a system to be cost-effective{\textemdash}and thus more likely to achieve significant global emissions reductions{\textemdash}a key feature will be linkages among regional, national, and sub-national climate policies. By linkage, we mean a formal recognition by a greenhouse gas mitigation program in one jurisdiction (a regional, national, or sub-national government) of emission reductions undertaken in another jurisdiction for purposes of complying with the first jurisdiction{\textquoteright}s mitigation program. We examine how a future international policy architecture could help facilitate the growth and operation of a robust system of international linkages of regional, national, and sub-national policies. Several design elements merit serious consideration for inclusion in the Paris agreement, either directly or by establishing a process for subsequent international elaboration. At the same time, including detailed linkage rules in the core agreement is not desirable because this could make it difficult for rules to evolve in light of experience.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/24568},
	author = {Bodansky, Daniel M. and Hoedl, Seth and Metcalf, Gilbert E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {bodansky_facilitating_2014,
	title = {Facilitating Linkage of Heterogeneous Regional, National, and Sub-National Climate Policies Through a Future International Agreement},
	year = {2014},
	note = {F-35},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {Negotiations pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action appear likely to lead to a 2015 Paris agreement that embodies a hybrid climate policy architecture, combining top-down elements, such as for monitoring, reporting, and verification, with bottom-up elements, including {\textquotedblleft}nationally determined contributions{\textquotedblright} from each participating country, detailing what it intends to do to reduce emissions, based on its national circumstances. For such a system to be cost-effective{\textemdash}and thus more likely to achieve significant global emissions reductions{\textemdash}a key feature will be linkages among regional, national, and sub-national climate policies. By linkage, we mean a formal recognition by a greenhouse gas mitigation program in one jurisdiction (a regional, national, or sub-national government) of emission reductions undertaken in another jurisdiction for purposes of complying with the first jurisdiction{\textquoteright}s mitigation program. We examine how a future international policy architecture could help facilitate the growth and operation of a robust system of international linkages of regional, national, and sub-national policies. Several design elements merit serious consideration for inclusion in the Paris agreement, either directly or by establishing a process for subsequent international elaboration. At the same time, including detailed linkage rules in the core agreement is not desirable because this could make it difficult for rules to evolve in light of experience.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/24568},
	author = {Bodansky, Daniel M. and Hoedl, Seth and Metcalf, Gilbert E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_film_2014,
	title = {Film Review: David Leonard, A Year in Burgundy},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	note = {A-80},
	month = {may},
	pages = {100{\textendash}103},
	issn = {1931-4361, 1931-437X},
	doi = {10.1017/jwe.2014.5},
	url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1931436114000054},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_fossil_2014,
	title = {Fossil Divestment: Warranted \&amp; Wise?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-113},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {211112, Company investment, Disinvestment{\textendash}Evaluation, Fossil fuels{\textendash}Investments, Natural Gas Liquid Extraction, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_local_2014,
	title = {Local Costs and Global Benefits},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-120},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_pricing_2014,
	title = {Pricing Carbon: Promises, Problems},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-123},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {16},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_problem_2014,
	title = {The Problem with EU Renewables.(renewable Energy Regulations)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-116},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {562119, 924110, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Methods, Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, European Union, Government Regulation, Other Waste Collection, regulations and rules, Renewable energy{\textendash}Laws},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_understanding_2014,
	title = {Understanding the IPCC{\textquoteright}s products.(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2014},
	note = {D-119},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Environmental impact analysis{\textendash}Methods, evaluation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_is_2013,
	title = {Is Obama{\textquoteright}s Climate Change Policy Doomed to Fail? Maybe Not.},
	journal = {PBS NewsHour},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-105},
	month = {mar},
	abstract = {Until there is an obvious, sudden and perhaps cataclysmic event, such as a loss of part of the Antarctic ice sheet, the odds would seem to be stacked heavi},
	url = {http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/why-climate-change-skeptics-ar-1/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {schmalensee_sordid_2013,
	title = {The Sordid History of Congressional Acceptance and Rejection of Cap-and-Trade: Implications for Climate Policy},
	journal = {VoxEU.org},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-107},
	month = {mar},
	abstract = {Not so long ago, cap-and-trade mechanisms for environmental protection were popular in Congress. Now, such mechanisms are denigrated. What happened? This column tells the sordid tale of how conservatives in Congress who once supported cap and trade now lambast climate change legislation as {\textquoteleft}cap-and-tax{\textquoteright}. Ironically, conservatives are choosing to demonise their own market-based creation. The successful conservative campaign that disparaged cap-and-trade means it may now be politically impossible to promote it in the US. The good news? Elsewhere, cap and trade is now a proven, viable option for tackling large-scale environmental problems.},
	url = {http://www.voxeu.org/article/sordid-history-congressional-acceptance-and-rejection-cap-and-trade-implications-climate-policy},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {solman_why_2013,
	title = {Why the US and China Inspire Hope for International Climate Change Action},
	journal = {PBS NewsHour},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-112},
	month = {dec},
	abstract = {Protesters assemble outside the 19th Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Warsaw, Poland, late last month.},
	url = {http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/global-warming-optimism-us-and/},
	author = {Solman, Paul and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_ab_2013,
	title = {AB 32: The Whole World Is Watching.(California Assembly Bill That Became the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-111},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {California, California. Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, Emissions trading{\textendash}Evaluation, International, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_action_2013,
	title = {Action and Inaction in the Second Term.(pres. Barack Obama{\textquoteright}s Second Term Environmental Policies)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-108},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Environmental policy{\textendash}Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_closing_2013,
	title = {Closing the Energy-Efficiency Gap.(Removing Barriers That Contribute to Under-Investment in Energy Efficient Technologies)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-110},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {92613, and Other Utilities, Company business management, Electric, Energy efficiency{\textendash}Management, Energy policy{\textendash}Analysis, Gas, Regulation and Administration of Communications, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_designing_????,
	title = {Designing the Post-Kyoto Climate Regime},
	booktitle = {A New Global Covenant: Protection without Protectionism},
	year = {2013},
	note = {C-32},
	pages = {205-230},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	organization = {Columbia University Press},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Aldy, Joseph E.},
	editor = {Kaldor, Mary H. and Stiglitz, Joseph E.}
}
@book {stavins_economics_2013,
	title = {Economics of Climate Change and Environmental Policy: Selected Papers of Robert N. Stavins, 2000-2011},
	year = {2013},
	note = {B-10},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Northampton, Massachusetts},
	url = {https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/economics-of-climate-change-and-environmental-policy?___website=uk_warehouse},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_film_2013,
	title = {Film Review: David Roach and Warwick Ross. Red Obsession},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {A-79},
	pages = {355{\textendash}357},
	issn = {1931-4361, 1931-437X},
	doi = {10.1017/jwe.2013.037},
	url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1931436113000370},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_film_2013-1,
	title = {Film Review: Jason Wise, Somm},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {A-78},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {238{\textendash}241},
	issn = {1931-4361, 1931-437X},
	doi = {10.1017/jwe.2013.30},
	url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1931436113000308},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {ranson_linkage_2013,
	title = {Linkage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Systems: Learning from Experience},
	year = {2013},
	note = {F-32},
	month = {nov},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {The last ten years have seen the growth of linkages between many of the world{\textquoteright}s cap-and-trade systems for greenhouse gases (GHGs), both directly between systems, and indirectly via connections to credit systems such as the Clean Development Mechanism. If nations have tried to act in their own self-interest, this proliferation of linkages implies that for many nations, the expected benefits of linkage outweighed expected costs. In this paper, we draw on the past decade of experience with carbon markets to test a series of hypotheses about why systems have demonstrated this revealed preference for linking. Linkage is a multi-faceted policy decision that can be used by political jurisdictions to achieve a variety of objectives, and we find evidence that many economic, political, and strategic factors {\textemdash} ranging from geographic proximity to integrity of emissions reductions {\textemdash} influence the decision to link. We also identify some potentially important effects of linkage, such as loss of control over domestic carbon policies, which do not appear to have deterred real-world decisions to link. These findings have implications for the future role that decentralized linkages may play in international climate policy architecture. The Kyoto Protocol has entered what is probably its final commitment period, covering only a small fraction of global GHG emissions. Under the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, negotiators may now gravitate toward a hybrid system, combining top-down elements for establishing targets with bottom-up elements of pledge-and-review tied to national policies and actions. The incentives for linking these national policies are likely to continue to produce direct connections among regional, national, and sub-national cap-and-trade systems. The growing network of decentralized, direct linkages among these systems may turn out to be a key part of a future hybrid climate policy architecture.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/23585},
	author = {Matthew Ranson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_navigating_2013,
	title = {Navigating a Two-Way Street Between Academia and the Policy World},
	booktitle = {Introduction to Economics of Climate Change and Environmental Policy: Selected Papers of Robert N. Stavins, Volume II, 2000-2011},
	year = {2013},
	note = {C-33},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Northampton, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_ninth_2013,
	title = {The Ninth Largest Economy Steps Up.(California{\textquoteright}s Cap and Trade Program)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-106},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {California, Emissions trading{\textendash}Evaluation, International, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {ranson_post-durban_2013,
	title = {Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based on Linkage of Cap-and-Trade Systems},
	journal = {Chicago Journal of International Law},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2013},
	note = {A-76},
	pages = {403{\textendash}438},
	abstract = {The outcome of the December 2011 United Nations climate negotiations in Durban, South Africa, provides an important new opportunity to move toward an international climate policy architecture that is capable of delivering broad international participation and significant global CO2 emissions reductions at reasonable cost. We evaluate one important component of potential climate polig architecture for the post-Durban era: links among independent tradable permit systems for greenhouse gases, because linkage reduces the cost of achieving given targets, there is tremendous pressure to link existing and planned cap-and-trade systems, and in fact, a number of links already or will soon exist. We draw on recent political and economic experience with linkage to evaluate potential roles that linkage may play in post-Durban international climate policy, both in a near-term, de facto architecture of indirect links between regional, national, and sub-national cap-and-trade systems, and in a longer-term, more comprehensive bottom-up architecture of direct links. Although linkage will certainly help to reduce long-term abatement costs, it may also serve as an effective mechanism for building institutional and political structure to support a future climate agreement. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	keywords = {Agreements, Climate Change, Developing countries{\textendash}LDCs, Emissions trading, Environmental policy, Environmental protection, Law{\textendash}International Law, Studies, Treaties},
	issn = {15290816},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/1290647348/13D59F9A202577E7152},
	author = {Matthew Ranson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_reflections_2013,
	title = {Reflections on a Personal Milestone.(economic Analysis of Environmental Policy Trends)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-109},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Economic research{\textendash}Environmental aspects, Environmental policy{\textendash}Economic aspects, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {schmalensee_so2_2013,
	title = {The SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2013},
	note = {A-77},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {103{\textendash}122},
	issn = {0895-3309},
	doi = {10.1257/jep.27.1.103},
	url = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.27.1.103},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_why_2013,
	title = {Why the Grass Is Always Greener.(carbon Tax Politics)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2013},
	note = {D-104},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Carbon taxes{\textendash}Political aspects, Emissions trading{\textendash}Political aspects, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_interview:_2012,
	title = {Interview: Reduce Emissions by Investing in New Technologies},
	journal = {Green Orbis Magazine},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-98a},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {56{\textendash}59},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_us_2012,
	title = {The US Sulphur Dioxide Cap and Trade Programme and Lessons for Climate Policy},
	journal = {VoxEU.org},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-102},
	abstract = {The US sulphur dioxide cap-and-trade programme, aimed at the acid rain problem, has been hailed as a great success in almost all areas. This column argues that the programme{\textquoteright}s success may tell us something about whether cap and trade can be applied more widely in climate policy.},
	url = {http://www.voxeu.org/article/lessons-climate-policy-us-sulphur-dioxide-cap-and-trade-programme},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Gabriel Chan and Richard Sweeney}
}
@booklet {aldy_climate_2012,
	title = {Climate Negotiations Open a Window: Key Implications of the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action},
	year = {2012},
	note = {F-30},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {A key outcome of the Seventeenth Conference of the Parties (COP-17) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Durban, South Africa, late in 2011 {\textemdash} the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action {\textemdash} represents an important milestone in the history of climate negotiations. This is because it departs from the long-standing and problematic dichotomous division of the world{\textquoteright}s countries into those with serious emissions-reduction responsibilities and the others {\textemdash} with no such responsibilities whatsoever. That distinction, now apparently abandoned, has prevented meaningful progress for decades. The Durban Platform {\textemdash} by replacing the Berlin Mandate{\textquoteright}s (1995) division of the world into a set of countries with ambitious responsibilities and another set of countries with no responsibilities {\textemdash} has opened an important window. National delegations from around the world now have a challenging task before them: to identify a new international climate policy architecture that is consistent with the process, pathway, and principles laid out in the Durban Platform, while still being consistent with the UNFCCC. The challenge is to find a way to include all key countries in a structure that brings about meaningful emission reduction on an appropriate timetable at acceptable cost, while recognizing the different circumstances of countries in a way that is more subtle, more sophisticated, and {\textemdash} most important {\textemdash} more effective than the dichotomous distinction of years past.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22319},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {aldy_climate_2012,
	title = {Climate Negotiators Create an Opportunity for Scholars},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {337},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-75},
	pages = {1043{\textendash}1044},
	abstract = {The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) launched a process to confront risks posed by global climate change. It has led to a dichotomy between countries with serious emission-reduction responsibilities and others with no responsibilities whatsoever. This has prevented progress, but recent talks suggest the prospect for a better way forward and an openness to outside-the-box thinking. Scholars and practitioners have a new opportunity to contribute innovative proposals for a future international climate policy architecture.},
	issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1223836},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6098/1043},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_climate_2012,
	title = {Climate Policy: A Breath of Fresh Air},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-100},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_did_2012,
	title = {Did the Durban Meeting Succeed?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-98},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Conferences, Emissions trading{\textendash}Conferences, International, meetings and seminars, South Africa, United Nations Climate Change Conference, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {stavins_economics_2012,
	title = {Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Editions.},
	year = {2012},
	note = {B-9},
	publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
	organization = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {978-0-393-91340-8 0-393-91340-6},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_berlin_2012,
	title = {From Berlin to Durban to Doha.(development of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-103},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {1992, 92812, art. 3, International, International Affairs, International environmental law{\textendash}Evaluation, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_independence_2012,
	title = {Independence is Important: Coase.(coase Theorem Applied to Carbon Emissions Cap and Trade Market System)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-101},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Coase theorem{\textendash}Usage, Emissions trading{\textendash}Analysis, International, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_interactions_2012,
	title = {Interactions between State and Federal Climate Change Policies},
	booktitle = {The Design and Implementation of U.S. Climate Policy},
	year = {2012},
	note = {C-31},
	pages = {109{\textendash}121},
	publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	organization = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Goulder, Lawrence H},
	editor = {Fullerton, Don and Catherine Wolfram}
}
@booklet {green_memorial_2012,
	title = {Memorial Minute on the Life and Service of Robert Dorfman},
	year = {2012},
	note = {F-31},
	month = {nov},
	author = {J. Green and Dale Jorgenson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_oenonomy:_2012,
	title = {Oenonomy: What{\textquoteright}s in a Wine{\textquoteright}s Name? (whether Vineyard Location Influences Selling Price)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-99},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Oregon, Protected geographical indicators{\textendash}Valuation, Real estate appraisal{\textendash}Social aspects, United States, Vineyards{\textendash}Prices and rates},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {aldy_promise_2012,
	title = {The Promise and Problems of Pricing Carbon Theory and Experience},
	journal = {The Journal of Environment \& Development},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-71},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {152{\textendash}180},
	abstract = {Because of the global commons nature of climate change, international cooperation among nations will likely be necessary for meaningful action at the global level. At the same time, it will inevitably be up to the actions of sovereign nations to put in place policies that bring about meaningful reductions in the emissions of greenhouse gases. Due to the ubiquity and diversity of emissions of greenhouse gases in most economies, as well as the variation in abatement costs among individual sources, conventional environmental policy approaches, such as uniform technology and performance standards, are unlikely to be sufficient to the task. Therefore, attention has increasingly turned to market-based instruments in the form of carbon-pricing mechanisms. We examine the opportunities and challenges associated with the major options for carbon pricing{\textemdash}carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, emission reduction credits, clean energy standards, and fossil fuel subsidy reductions{\textemdash}and provide a review of the experiences, drawn primarily from developed countries, in implementing these instruments. Our summary of relevant theory and survey of experience from industrialized nations may be helpful to those who wish to examine the potential applicability of carbon pricing in the context of developing countries.},
	keywords = {cap-and-trade, carbon pricing, carbon taxes, clean energy standards, emission reduction credits, energy subsidies, global climate change, market-based instruments},
	issn = {1070-4965, 1552-5465},
	doi = {10.1177/1070496512442508},
	url = {http://jed.sagepub.com/content/21/2/152},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_rahms_2012,
	title = {Rahm{\textquoteright}s Doctrine Revisited, Revised: Democrats and Republicans Take Advantage of Crises to Push Their Agendas},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-97},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Environmental policy{\textendash}Political aspects, Financial crises{\textendash}Political aspects, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {chan_so2_2012,
	title = {The SO2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innovation},
	year = {2012},
	note = {F-29},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {Harvard Environmental Economics Program},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {The introduction of the U.S. SO2 allowance-trading program to address the threat of acid rain as part of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 is a landmark event in the history of environmental regulation. The program was a great success by almost all measures. This paper, which draws upon a research workshop and a policy roundtable held at Harvard in May 2011, investigates critically the design, enactment, implementation, performance, and implications of this path-breaking application of economic thinking to environmental regulation. Ironically, cap and trade seems especially well suited to addressing the problem of climate change, in that emitted greenhouse gases are evenly distributed throughout the world{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. Recent hostility toward cap and trade in debates about U.S. climate legislation may reflect the broader political environment of the climate debate more than the substantive merits of market-based regulation.},
	url = {http://heep.hks.harvard.edu/publications/so2-allowance-trading-system-and-clean-air-act-amendments-1990-reflections-twenty},
	author = {Gabriel Chan and Robert N. Stavins and Stowe, Robert C. and Richard Sweeney}
}
@article {chan_so2_2012,
	title = {The SO2 Allowance-Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on 20 Years of Policy Innovation},
	journal = {National Tax Journal},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-72},
	pages = {419{\textendash}52},
	abstract = {The introduction of the U.S. SO2 allowance-trading program to address the threat of acid rain as part of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 is a landmark event in the history of environmental regulation. The program was a great success by almost all measures. This paper, which draws upon a research workshop and a policy roundtable held at Harvard in May 2011, investigates critically the design, enactment, implementation, performance, and implications of this path-breaking application of economic thinking to environmental regulation. Ironically, cap-and-trade seems especially well suited to addressing the problem of climate change, in that emitted greenhouse gases are evenly distributed throughout the world{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. Recent hostility toward cap-and-trade in debates about U.S. climate legislation may reflect the broader political environment of the climate debate more than the substantive merits of market-based regulation.},
	url = {http://econpapers.repec.org/article/ntjjournl/v_3a65_3ay_3a2012_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a419-52.htm},
	author = {Gabriel Chan and Robert Stavins and Robert Stowe and Richard Sweeney}
}
@article {olmstead_three_2012,
	title = {Three Key Elements of a Post-2012 International Climate Policy Architecture},
	journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-68},
	pages = {65 {\textendash}85},
	abstract = {This article describes three essential elements of an effective post-2012 international climate policy architecture: a framework to ensure that key industrialized and developing nations are involved in differentiated but meaningful ways, an emphasis on an extended time path for emissions targets, and the inclusion of flexible market-based policy instruments to keep costs down and facilitate international equity. This overall architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change; addresses specific shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol; and builds on the foundation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.},
	doi = {10.1093/reep/rer018},
	url = {http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/1/65.abstract},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_unambiguous_2012,
	title = {An Unambiguous Consequence of the Durban Climate Talks},
	journal = {Review of Environment, Energy, and Economics},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-69},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {One of the major outcomes of the Durban Climate Conference in 2011 was the {\textquoteright}Durban Platform for Enhanced Action{\textquoteright} - a non-binding agreement to forge a new treaty by 2015 that will bring all countries under the same legal regime by 2020. This article will explain why the {\textquoteright}Durban Platform for Enhanced Action{\textquoteright} has opened an important window in climate talks.},
	keywords = {Climate Change, Climate Negotiations},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2030218},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_unambiguous_2012,
	title = {An Unambiguous Consequence of the Durban Climate Talks},
	journal = {Green Orbis Magazine},
	year = {2012},
	note = {D-100a},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {24{\textendash}31},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {aldy_using_2012,
	title = {Using the Market to Address Climate Change: Insights from Theory \&amp; Experience},
	journal = {Daedalus},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2012},
	note = {A-70},
	pages = {45{\textendash}60},
	abstract = {Emissions of greenhouse gases linked with global climate change are affected by diverse aspects of economic activity, including individual consumption, business investment, and government spending. An effective climate policy will have to modify the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon-intensity of energy, and a more carbon-lean economy. The only technically feasible and cost-effective approach to achieving this goal on a meaningful scale is carbon pricing: that is, market-based climate policies that place a shadow-price on carbon dioxide emissions. We examine alternative designs of three such instruments: carbon taxes, cap and trade, and clean energy standards. We note that the U.S. political response to possible market-based approaches to climate policy has been, and will continue to be, largely a function of issues and structural factors that transcend the scope of environmental and climate policy.},
	issn = {0011-5266},
	doi = {10.1162/DAED_a_00145},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00145},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_cancun_2011,
	title = {Cancun Produces Meaningful Steps},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-90},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {1997, Emissions trading{\textendash}Conferences, Environmental mediation{\textendash}Conferences, International, meetings and seminars, Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_century_2011,
	title = {A Century of Progress, Problems.(environmental Economics)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-92},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Environmental degradation{\textendash}Laws, Environmental economics{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, Renewable resources{\textendash}Laws, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {goulder_challenges_2011,
	title = {Challenges from State-Federal Interactions in Us Climate Change Policy},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-66},
	pages = {253{\textendash}257},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	doi = {10.1257/aer.101.3.253},
	url = {http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.101.3.253},
	author = {Goulder, Lawrence H and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_curbing_2011,
	title = {Curbing Carbon},
	journal = {Technology Review},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-89},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {10},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_does_2011,
	title = {Does Less and Costs More. (disadvantages of Renewable Electricity/Clean Energy Standards Over a Comprehensive Cap-and-Trade Approach to Reducing CO2 Emissions)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-91},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {22, 562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Methods, Emissions trading{\textendash}Evaluation, Government Regulation, Renewable energy{\textendash}Standards, United States, Utilities, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {hahn_effect_2011,
	title = {The Effect of Allowance Allocations on Cap-and-Trade System Performance},
	journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-73},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {S267{\textendash}S294},
	abstract = {Abstract An implication of the Coase theorem is that under certain conditions, the market equilibrium in a cap-and-trade system will be cost-effective and independent of the initial allocation of tradable rights. That is, the overall cost of achieving a given aggregate emission reduction will be minimized, and the final allocation of permits will be independent of the initial allocation. We call this the independence property. This property is important because it means that the government can establish the overall pollution reduction goal for a cap-and-trade system by setting the cap and leaving it up to the legislature to construct a constituency in support of the program by allocating the allowances to various interests without affecting either the environmental performance of the system or its aggregate social costs. We examine the conditions under which the independence property is likely to hold{\textemdash}both in theory and in practice.},
	issn = {0022-2186},
	doi = {10.1086/661942},
	url = {www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/661942},
	author = {Hahn, Robert W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_good_2011,
	title = {Good News from Regulatory Front},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-93},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {16},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_national_2011,
	title = {The National Context of U.S. State Policies for a Global Commons Problem},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-95},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {49{\textendash}57},
	publisher = {United Nations Environment Program},
	address = {Roskilde, Denmark},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_polarized_2011,
	title = {Polarized Politics, Paralyzed Policy},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-94},
	pages = {18},
	keywords = {Apportionment (Election law){\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Polarization (Social sciences){\textendash}Analysis, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_problem_2011,
	title = {The Problem of the Commons: Still Unsettled After 100 Years},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-63},
	pages = {81{\textendash}108},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	doi = {10.1257/aer.101.1.81},
	url = {http://www.aeaweb.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.101.1.81},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_que_2011,
	title = {Qu{\'e} sucedi{\'o} (y por qu{\'e})? (What happened and why? An assessment of the Cancun agreements)},
	journal = {Foreign Affairs Latinoam{\'e}rica},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-64},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {42{\textendash}49},
	url = {http://fal.itam.mx/FAE/?p=240},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_repairing_2011,
	title = {Repairing the R\&amp;D market failure},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-88},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, Carbon taxes{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {cross_value_2011,
	title = {The Value of Terroir: Hedonic Estimation of Vineyard Sale Prices},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-67},
	pages = {1{\textendash}14},
	author = {Cross, Robin and Plantinga, Andrew J. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_wave_2011,
	title = {A Wave of the Future: International Linkage of Carbon Markets},
	journal = {Outreach: A Multi-stakeholder Magazine on Environment and Sustainable Development},
	year = {2011},
	note = {D-96},
	pages = {4{\textendash}5},
	url = {http://www.stakeholderforum.org/sf/outreach/index.php/cop17day8home/515-cop17day8item4},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {cross_what_2011,
	title = {What Is the Value of Terroir?},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2011},
	note = {A-65},
	month = {may},
	pages = {152{\textendash}156},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/29783732},
	author = {Cross, Robin and Plantinga, Andrew J. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {schmalensee_power_2010,
	title = {The Power of Cap-and- Trade},
	journal = {Boston.com},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-80},
	url = {http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2010/07/27/the_power_of_cap_and__trade/},
	author = {Schmalensee, Richard and Robert Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_renewable_2010,
	title = {Renewable Irony},
	journal = {The Huffington Post},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-85},
	month = {nov},
	abstract = {Those who believe that renewable electricity standards would create a huge number of green jobs have forgotten the lesson of Detroit: a large domestic market does not guarantee a healthy domestic industry.},
	url = {http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-stavins/renewable-irony_b_788046.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Schmalensee, Richard}
}
@article {stavins_why_2010,
	title = {Why Cancun Trumped Copenhagen: Warmer Relations on Rising Temperatures},
	journal = {Christian Science Monitor},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-87},
	month = {dec},
	abstract = {The climate change talks in Cancun, Mexico, didn{\textquoteright}t solve all the world{\textquoteright}s climate problems. But they were hugely successful. Through the Cancun Agreements, 194 countries reached landmark consensus (even the US and China) to set emissions targets and limit global temperature increases.},
	issn = {0882-7729},
	url = {http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/1220/Why-Cancun-trumped-Copenhagen-Warmer-relations-on-rising-temperatures},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_why_2010-1,
	title = {Why Cap-and-Trade Should (and Does) Have Appeal to Politicians},
	journal = {VoxEU.org},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-77},
	month = {apr},
	abstract = {Are cap-and-trade schemes working? This column presents a summary of eight existing schemes arguing that half meet the independence property whereby the initial allocation of property rights does not affect the environmental or social outcome and the scheme is cost-effective. This success is a contrast with other policy proposals where political bargaining reduces the effectiveness and drives up cost.},
	url = {http://www.voxeu.org/article/why-cap-and-trade-should-and-does-have-appeal-politicians},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Hahn, Robert W.}
}
@article {stavins_ab_2010,
	title = {AB 32 and Climate Change: The National Context of State Policies for a Global Commons Problem},
	journal = {Agricultural \& Resource Economics Update},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-84},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {2{\textendash}5},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_beware_2010,
	title = {Beware Scorched-Earth Strategies},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-82},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Environmental issue, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_can_2010,
	title = {Can We Afford to Cut Carbon?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-76},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {reinhardt_corporate_2010,
	title = {Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Strategy, and the Environment},
	journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2010},
	note = {A-62},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {164 {\textendash}181},
	abstract = {We examine the concept of firms sacrificing profits in the social interest within the environmental realm, with particular focus on the case of the United States by addressing four key questions. May they do so within the scope of their fiduciary responsibilities to their shareholders? Can they do so on a sustainable basis, or will the forces of a competitive marketplace render such efforts and their impacts transient at best? Do firms, in fact, frequently or at least sometimes behave this way, reducing their earnings by voluntarily engaging in environmental stewardship? Should firms carry out such profit-sacrificing activities (i.e. is this an efficient use of social resources)? We address these questions through the lens of economics, including insights from legal and business scholarship.},
	doi = {10.1093/oxrep/grq008},
	url = {http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/2/164.abstract},
	author = {Reinhardt, Forest L. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_defense_2010,
	title = {In Defense of Pollution Markets.(emissions Trading)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-83},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_knowing_2010,
	title = {Knowing Success if You See It},
	journal = {Outreach: A Multi-stakeholder Magazine on Environment and Sustainable Development},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-86},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {1{\textendash}3},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {peace_meaningful_2010,
	title = {Meaningful and Cost Effective Climate Policy: The Case for Cap and Trade},
	year = {2010},
	note = {F-28},
	publisher = {Pew Center on Global Climate Change},
	type = {In Brief},
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	url = {www.pewclimate.org/publications/whitepaper/meaningful-and-cost-effective-climate-policy-case-cap-and-trade},
	author = {Peace, Janet and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_options_2010,
	title = {Options for the Institutional Venue for International Climate Negotiations},
	year = {2010},
	note = {F-26},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Issue Brief},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {It is exceptionally challenging to conclude a comprehensive and effective multilateral agreement to address global climate change among nations with divergent interests. This is true for many international issues. However, largely because any domestic policy or set of policies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (whether intended to implement an international agreement or not) extend so deeply into the economic fabric of a nation, climate change negotiations have proven to be exceptionally difficult. The Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP-15) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reinforced doubts about whether the UNFCCC should continue to be the primary institutional venue for global climate change negotiations. This issue brief assesses some other institutions that might serve to supplement or partially replace the UNFCCC.},
	keywords = {Grey literature, IPCCAR5, not for distribution, UNFCCC},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20132},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_path_2010,
	title = {The Path Forward for Climate Talks},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-78},
	pages = {18},
	keywords = {1992, 92812, International, International Affairs, International environmental law{\textendash}Evaluation, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {aldy_post-kyoto_2010,
	title = {Post-Kyoto International Climate Policy: Implementing Architectures for Agreement},
	year = {2010},
	note = {B-8},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {9780521137850 (hbk.)},
	editor = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_state_2010,
	title = {State Eyes on the Climate Policy Prize},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-81},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (Draft), American Power Act of 2010 (Draft), Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, States, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_storing_2010,
	title = {Storing Carbon in Wood: A Cheaper Way to Slow Climate Change?},
	journal = {The Milken Institute Review},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2010},
	note = {A-60},
	pages = {18{\textendash}25},
	url = {http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/rstavins/Selected_Articles/Milken_Institute_Review_on_Carbon_Sequestration.pdf},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {olmstead_three_2010,
	title = {Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy Architecture},
	year = {2010},
	note = {F-27},
	month = {jun},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {We describe three essential elements of an effective post-2012 international global climate policy architecture: a means to ensure that key industrialized and developing nations are involved in differentiated but meaningful ways; an emphasis on an extended time path of targets; and inclusion of flexible market-based policy instruments to keep costs down and facilitate international equity. This architecture is consistent with fundamental aspects of the science, economics, and politics of global climate change; addresses specific shortcomings of the Kyoto Protocol; and builds upon the foundation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20252},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_two_2010,
	title = {Two Countries Key to Progress in 2010},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2010},
	note = {D-79},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {0DEVE, 1997, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, Developing Countries, Developing countries{\textendash}Environmental aspects, Government Regulation, International, Mexico, Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, regulations and rules, South Korea},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_what_2010,
	title = {What Hath Copenhagen Wrought? A Preliminary Assessment},
	journal = {Environment},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {A-61},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {8{\textendash}14},
	url = {http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?index=8\&did=2074268421\&SrchMode=3\&sid=1\&Fmt=3\&VInst=PROD\&VType=PQD\&RQT=309\&VName=PQD\&TS=1322495359\&clientId=18857\&aid=1},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Stowe, Robert C.}
}
@article {olmstead_essential_2009,
	title = {The Essential Pillars of a New Climate Pact},
	journal = {Boston.com},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-72},
	month = {sep},
	url = {http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2009/09/20/the_essential_pillars_of_a_new_climate_pact/},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_can_2009,
	title = {Can Countries Cut Carbon Emissions Without Hurting Economic Growth? Yes, the Transition Can be Gradual {\textendash} and Affordable},
	journal = {The Wall Street Journal},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-73},
	url = {http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970203440104574406681308037234},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@article {olmstead_comparing_2009,
	title = {Comparing Price and Nonprice Approaches to Urban Water Conservation},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2009},
	note = {A-58},
	pages = {10},
	doi = {200910.1029/2008WR007227},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008WR007227/full},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_guest_2009,
	title = {Guest Commentary. A Portfolio of Domestic Commitments: Implementing Common but Differentiated Responsibilties},
	journal = {Carbon Market North America},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-75},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {6},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_institutions_2009,
	title = {Institutions and Individuals. (universities{\textquoteright} Environmental Responsibilities)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-68},
	pages = {18},
	keywords = {61131, 8221, and Professional Schools, Colleges, Colleges and universities, Ecological footprint{\textendash}Laws, Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States, Universities, Universities and colleges{\textendash}Environmental aspects},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_linking_2009,
	title = {Linking Tradable Permit Systems: A Key Element of Emerging International Climate Policy Architecture},
	journal = {Ecology Law Quarterly},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2009},
	note = {A-59},
	pages = {789{\textendash}808},
	url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/eclawq36\&div=31\&g_sent=1\&collection=journals},
	author = {Jaffe, Judson and Matthew Ranson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_no_2009,
	title = {No Free Lunch at the Auto Cafe.(corporate Average Fuel Economy)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-70},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, Corporate average fuel economy{\textendash}Standards, Energy efficiency{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_opportunity_2009,
	title = {Opportunity for a Defining Moment},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-67},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Environmental management{\textendash}Laws, Environmental policy{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_portfolio_2009,
	title = {A Portfolio of Domestic Commitments: Implementing Common but Differentiated Responsibilities},
	year = {2009},
	note = {F-25},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {International negotiations are focused on developing a climate policy framework for the post-2012 period, when the Kyoto Protocol{\textquoteright}s first commitment period will have ended. In addition to negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), other intergovernmental outlets, including the G20 and the Major Economies Forum, are trying to reach common ground among the world{\textquoteright}s major emitters of greenhouse gases. To date, these efforts have not produced a politically, economically, and environmentally viable structure for a future climate agreement. An effective, but more flexible and politically palatable approach could be an international agreement on a "portfolio of domestic commitments." Under such an agreement, nations would agree to honor commitments to greenhouse gas emission reductions laid out in their own domestic laws and regulations. A portfolio of commitments may emerge from a global meeting such as the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, or a smaller number of major economies could negotiate an agreement among themselves, and then invite other countries to join. Despite the obvious differences between such a system and the conventional "targets and timetables" in the Kyoto Protocol, negotiators should not dismiss this new approach out of hand. There are several ways to construct a portfolio of domestic commitments, and negotiators have numerous levers available to tailor an agreement to meet their political, economic, and environmental goals. This Viewpoint outlines some basic features of a portfolio approach, highlights a few major issues and concerns, and discusses the potential feasibility of this approach.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19637},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {aldy_post-kyoto_2009,
	title = {Post-Kyoto International Climate Policy: Summary for Policymakers},
	year = {2009},
	note = {B-7},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	editor = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_stimulus_2009,
	title = {The Stimulus and Green Jobs},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-69},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {22, 2900, Economic recovery{\textendash}Laws, Employment subsidies{\textendash}Environmental aspects, Government Regulation, PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS, regulations and rules, Renewable energy{\textendash}Laws, United States, Utilities},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_towards_2009,
	title = {Towards a Post-Kyoto International Climate Policy Regime},
	booktitle = {Beyond Copenhagen: A Climate Policymaker{\textquoteright}s Handbook},
	year = {2009},
	note = {C-30},
	pages = {53{\textendash}62},
	publisher = {Bruegel Books},
	organization = {Bruegel Books},
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Delgado, Juan and Gardner, Stephen}
}
@article {stavins_wonderful_2009,
	title = {Wonderful Politics of Cap-and-Trade},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-71},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (Draft), Carbon taxes{\textendash}Laws, Emissions trading{\textendash}Political aspects, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_worried_2009,
	title = {Worried About Competitiveness?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2009},
	note = {D-74},
	pages = {18},
	keywords = {Competition (Economics){\textendash}Political aspects, Emissions trading{\textendash}Political aspects, International, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_free_2008,
	title = {Free Greenhouse Gas Cuts: Too Good to Be True?},
	journal = {VoxEU.org},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-57},
	month = {jan},
	abstract = {The possibility of {\textquotedblleft}no cost{\textquotedblright} emission reductions has been raised by research on California{\textquoteright}s Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. Here is a more sober assessment. Overly optimistic findings leave policymakers with inadequate appreciation of the stakes, and provide little insight into the relative cost of policy design alternatives.},
	url = {http://www.voxeu.org/article/free-greenhouse-gas-cuts-too-good-be-true},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Jaffe, Judson and Schatzki, Todd}
}
@article {stavins_inspiration_2008,
	title = {Inspiration for climate change},
	journal = {Boston.com},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-64},
	month = {nov},
	url = {http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/11/12/inspiration_for_climate_change/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_ab_2008,
	title = {AB 32 / Combating Global Warming},
	journal = {San Diego Union-Tribune},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-66},
	month = {dec},
	url = {http://legacy.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20081211/news_lz1e11stavins.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_addressing_2008,
	title = {Addressing Climate Change with a Comprehensive Us Cap-and-Trade System},
	journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A-57},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {298 {\textendash}321},
	abstract = {There is growing impetus for a domestic US climate policy that can provide meaningful reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. I describe and analyse an up-stream, economy-wide CO2 cap-and-trade system which implements a gradual trajectory of emissions reductions (with inclusion over time of non-CO2 greenhouse gases), and includes mechanisms to reduce cost uncertainty. Initially, half of the allowances are allocated through auction and half through free distribution, with the share being auctioned gradually increasing to 100 per cent over 25 years. The system provides for linkage with emission-reduction credit projects in other countries, harmonization over time with effective cap-and-trade systems in other countries and regions, and appropriate linkage with actions taken in other countries, in order to establish a level playing field among domestically produced and imported products.},
	doi = {10.1093/oxrep/grn017},
	url = {http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/2/298.abstract},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_cap-and-trade_2008,
	title = {Cap-and-Trade or a Carbon Tax? (methods for Controlling Greenhouse Gases)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-58},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {2813, 32512, Ecotaxes{\textendash}Laws, Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Industrial Gas Manufacturing, Industrial gases, International, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {aldy_climate_2008,
	title = {Climate Policy Architectures for the Post-Kyoto World},
	journal = {Environment},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A-53},
	pages = {6{\textendash}17},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/224023822},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {reinhardt_corporate_2008,
	title = {Corporate Social Responsibility Through an Economic Lens},
	journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A-56},
	month = {jul},
	pages = {219{\textendash}239},
	abstract = {Business leaders, government officials, and academics are focusing considerable attention on the concept of {\textquotedblleft}corporate social responsibility{\textquotedblright} (CSR), particularly in the realm of environmental protection. Beyond complete compliance with environmental regulations, do firms have additional moral or social responsibilities to commit resources to environmental protection? How should we think about the notion of firms sacrificing profits in the social interest? May they do so within the scope of their fiduciary responsibilities to their shareholders? Can they do so on a sustainable basis, or will the forces of a competitive marketplace render such efforts and their impacts transient at best? Do firms, in fact, frequently or at least sometimes behave this way, reducing their earnings by voluntarily engaging in environmental stewardship? And finally, should firms carry out such profit-sacrificing activities (i.e., is this an efficient use of social resources)? We address these questions through the lens of economics, including insights from legal analysis and business scholarship.},
	keywords = {L510, M140, Q500},
	issn = {1750-6816, 1750-6824},
	doi = {10.1093/reep/ren008},
	url = {http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/content/2/2/219},
	author = {Reinhardt, Forest L. and Robert N. Stavins and Vietor, Richard H. K.}
}
@article {stavins_csr_2008,
	title = {CSR Through an Economic Lens.(corporate Social Responsibility)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-62},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Corporate social responsibility{\textendash}Economic aspects, Fiduciary duties{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_enviro_2008,
	title = {Enviro Justice and Cap-and-Trade},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-61},
	pages = {20},
	keywords = {Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Environmental justice{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_environmental_2008,
	title = {Environmental Economics},
	booktitle = {The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics},
	year = {2008},
	note = {C-29},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	organization = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	edition = {2nd ed.},
	address = {Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York},
	keywords = {Dictionaries., Dictionnaires., Economics Dictionaries., Economics., {\'e}conomie politique dictionnaire., Science {\'e}conomique.},
	isbn = {978-0-333-78676-5},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Steven N. Durlauf and Blume, Lawrence}
}
@inbook {zedillo_ponce_de_leon_international_2008,
	title = {An International Policy Architecture for the Post-Kyoto Era},
	booktitle = {Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto},
	year = {2008},
	note = {C-27},
	pages = {145{\textendash}153},
	publisher = {Brookings Institution Press},
	organization = {Brookings Institution Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	abstract = {"Comprehensive examination of the economic, social, and political context of climate policy in industrialized and developing nations. Calls for a multilateral approach that goes beyond the mitigation-focused Kyoto policies and stresses the importance of generating policies that work within a time frame commensurate with that of climate change itself"{\textendash}Provided by publisher.},
	keywords = {Anthropogenic effects on nature, Climatic changes Government policy., Ecological footprint, Global, Global warming Environmental aspects, Global warming., Nature Effect of human beings on., Warming},
	isbn = {978-0-8157-9714-2},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Zedillo Ponce de Le{\'o}n, Ernesto}
}
@article {stavins_land-use_2008,
	title = {Land-Use Change and Carbon Sinks},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-65},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {16},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {jaffe_linkage_2008,
	title = {Linkage of Tradable Permit Systems in International Climate Policy Architecture},
	year = {2008},
	note = {F-24},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {Harvard Project on Climate Agreements},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA},
	abstract = {Cap-and-trade systems have emerged as the preferred national and regional instrument for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the industrialized world, and the Clean Development Mechanism {\textemdash} an international emission-reduction-credit system {\textemdash} has developed a substantial constituency, despite some concerns about its performance. Because linkage between tradable permit systems can reduce compliance costs and improve market liquidity, there is great interest in linking cap-and-trade systems to each other, as well as to the CDM and other credit systems. We examine the benefits and concerns associated with various types of linkages, and analyze the near-term and long-term role that linkage may play in a future international climate policy architecture. In particular, we evaluate linkage in three potential roles: as an independent bottom-up architecture, as a step in the evolution of a top-down architecture, and as an ongoing element of a larger climate policy agreement. We also assess how the policy elements of climate negotiations can facilitate or impede linkages. Our analysis throughout is both positive and normative.},
	url = {http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18580},
	author = {Jaffe, Judson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {jaffe_linking_2008,
	title = {Linking a U.S. Cap-and-Trade System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Opportunities, Implications, and Challenges},
	year = {2008},
	note = {F-23},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Jaffe, Judson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_linking_2008,
	title = {Linking Tradable Permit Systems},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-59},
	pages = {16},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stiglitz_meaningful_2008,
	title = {A Meaningful Second Commitment Period for the Kyoto Protocol},
	booktitle = {The Economists{\textquoteright} Voice: Top Economists Take on Today{\textquoteright}s Problems},
	year = {2008},
	note = {C-28},
	pages = {28{\textendash}36},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	organization = {Columbia University Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {From the Publisher: In this valuable resource, more than thirty of the world{\textquoteright}s top economists offer innovative policy ideas and insightful commentary on our most pressing economic issues, such as global warming, the global economy, government spending, Social Security, tax reform, real estate, and political and social policy, including an extensive look at the economics of capital punishment, welfare reform, and the recent presidential elections. Contributors are Nobel Prize winners, former presidential advisers, well-respected columnists, academics, and practitioners from across the political spectrum. Joseph E. Stiglitz takes a hard look at the high cost of the Iraq War; Nobel Laureates Kenneth Arrow, Thomas Schelling, and Stiglitz provide insight and advice on global warming; Paul Krugman demystifies Social Security; Bradford DeLong presents divergent views on the coming dollar crisis; Diana Farrell reconsiders the impact of U.S. offshoring; Michael J. Boskin distinguishes what is "sense" and what is "nonsense" in discussions of federal deficits and debt; and Ronald I. McKinnon points out the consequences of the deindustrialization of America. Additional essays question whether welfare reform was successful and explore the economic consequences of global warming and the rebuilding of New Orleans. They describe how a simple switch in auto insurance policy could benefit the environment; unravel the dangers of an unchecked housing bubble; and investigate the mishandling of the lending institutions Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Balancing empirical data with economic theory, The Economists{\textquoteright} Voice proves that the unique perspective of the economist is a vital one for understanding today{\textquoteright}s world.},
	keywords = {Environmental policy United States History 21st century., History., United States Economic conditions 21st century., United States Economic policy 21st century., United States Social conditions 21st century., United States Social policy 21st century.},
	isbn = {978-0-231-14364-6},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Olmstead, Sheila M.},
	editor = {Stiglitz, Joseph E. and Edlin, Aaron S. and J. Bradford Delong}
}
@article {stavins_meaningful_2008,
	title = {A Meaningful U.s. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Climate Change},
	journal = {Harvard Environmental Law Review},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A-54},
	pages = {293{\textendash}371},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1281518},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_ongoing_2008,
	title = {Ongoing Drivers of Wetlands Depletion},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-63},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {Government Regulation, Land use controls{\textendash}Laws, regulations and rules, United States, Wetland conservation{\textendash}Laws},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_state_2008,
	title = {State Fight Against Climate Change Benefits Everyone},
	journal = {The Sacramento Bee},
	year = {2008},
	note = {D-60},
	month = {mar},
	url = {http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/18164/state_fight_against_climate_change_benefits_everyone.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Goulder, Lawrence H}
}
@article {lubowski_what_2008,
	title = {What Drives Land-Use Change in the United States? A National Analysis of Landowner Decisions},
	journal = {Land Economics},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A-55},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {529{\textendash}550},
	abstract = {Land-use changes involve important economic and environmental effects with implications for international trade, global climate change, wildlife, and other policy issues. We use an econometric model to identify factors driving land-use change in the United States between 1982 and 1997. We quantify the effects of net returns to alternative land uses on private landowners{\textquoteright} decisions to allocate land among six major uses, drawing on detailed micro-data on land use and land quality that are comprehensive of the contiguous United States. This analysis provides the first evidence of the relative historical importance of markets and federal farm policies affecting land-use changes nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Land Economics is the property of University of Wisconsin Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder{\textquoteright}s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
	keywords = {AGRICULTURE \& state, AGRICULTURE {\textendash} Economic aspects, DEVELOPMENT economics, ECONOMETRIC models, ENVIRONMENTAL economics, GOVERNMENT policy, LAND economics, LAND use, MARKETS, PLANNING, SUPPLY \& demand, United States},
	issn = {00237639},
	url = {http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/ehost/detail?vid=4\&hid=15\&sid=a6b20f94-e58f-496c-8472-5d1af9835f9e\%40sessionmgr15\&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl$\#$db=bth\&AN=34589788},
	author = {Lubowski, Ruben N. and Plantinga, Andrew J. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {aldy_architectures_2007,
	title = {Architectures for Agreement: Addressing Global Climate Change in the Post-Kyoto World},
	year = {2007},
	note = {B-6},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {New York},
	isbn = {9780521871631 (hbk.)},
	editor = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_book_2007,
	title = {Book Review: Jancis Robinson, Tasting Pleasures {\textendash} Confessions of a Wine Lover},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {A-51},
	pages = {106{\textendash}108},
	url = {http://www.wine-economics.org/journal/details-content/volume-2-2007-no-1/book-review-jancis-robinson-tasting-pleasure-confessions-of-a-wine-lover/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_comments_2007,
	title = {Comments on the Recommendations of the Market Advisory Committee to the California Air Resources Board, {\textquoteright}Recommendations for Designing a Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade System for California},
	year = {2007},
	note = {E-11},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {polinsky_environmental_2007,
	title = {Environmental Law},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Law and Economics},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {C-25},
	pages = {499{\textendash}589},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	organization = {Elsevier Science},
	address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
	abstract = {Law can be viewed as a body of rules and legal sanctions that channel behavior in socially desirable directions for example, by encouraging individuals to take proper...},
	keywords = {Law and economics.},
	isbn = {978-0-444-51235-2},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Revesz, R. L.},
	editor = {Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Shavell, Steven}
}
@article {stavins_free_2007,
	title = {Free GHG Cuts: Too Good to Be True? (greenhouse Gases)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-53},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {1997, Air pollution control{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Greenhouse gases{\textendash}Laws, International, Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {jaffe_linking_2007,
	title = {Linking Tradable Permit Systems for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Opportunities, Implications, and Challenges},
	year = {2007},
	note = {F-22},
	month = {nov},
	publisher = {International Emissions Trading Association},
	address = {Geneva, Switzerland},
	author = {Jaffe, Judson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_managing_2007,
	title = {Managing Water Demand {\textendash} Price vs. Non-Price Conservation Programs},
	year = {2007},
	note = {F-20},
	publisher = {Pioneer Institute for Public Policy Research},
	type = {White Paper},
	address = {Boston, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {freeman_market-based_2007,
	title = {Market-Based Environmental Policies: What Can We Learn From U.S. Experience (and Related Research)?},
	booktitle = {Moving to Markets in Environmental Regulation: Lessons from Twenty Years of Experience},
	year = {2007},
	note = {C-26},
	pages = {19{\textendash}47},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {Oxford; New York},
	abstract = {Over the last decade, market-based incentives have become the regulatory tool of choice when trying to solve difficult environmental problems. Evidence of their dominance can be seen in recent proposals for addressing global warming (through an emissions trading scheme in the Kyoto Protocol) and for amending the Clean Air Act (to add a new emissions trading systems for smog precursors and mercury{\textendash}the Bush administration{\textquoteright}s "Clear Skies" program). They are widely viewed as more efficient than traditional command and control regulation. This collection of essays takes a critical look at this question, and evaluates whether the promises of market-based regulation have been fulfilled.},
	keywords = {2003), Air Pollution Emissions trading, Banking, Eco-taxes, Ecological taxes, Ecotaxes, Effluent charges, Emissions credit trading, Emissions rights trading, Emissions trading., Environment law, Environmental exploitation charges, Environmental impact charges., Environmental impact fees, Environmental law., Environmental policy Economic aspects., Environmental protection Economic aspects., Environmental protection Law and legislation, Environmental quality Law and legislation, Environmental taxes, Green taxes, Kongress., Marketable permits for carbon dioxide emissions, Mitigation banking, Pollution charges, Santa Barbara (Calif., Tradeable emission permits, Trading emissions credits, Wetland, Wetland banking, Wetland mitigation, Wetland mitigation banking., Wetlands mitigation banking, WMB (Wetland mitigation banking)},
	isbn = {978-0-19-518965-0},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Freeman, Jody and Kolstad, Charles D.}
}
@article {olmstead_meaningful_2007,
	title = {A Meaningful Second Commitment Period for the Kyoto Protocol},
	journal = {The Economist{\textquoteright}s Voice},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-52},
	month = {may},
	pages = {1{\textendash}6},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_misconceptions_2007,
	title = {Misconceptions About H2O Pricing},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-55},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {18},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_policies_2007,
	title = {Policies Can Work in Strange Ways},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-50},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {2812, 325181, 924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Alkalies and chlorine, Alkalies and Chlorine Manufacturing, Chlor-alkali industry{\textendash}Environmental aspects, Environmental policy{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {bennear_second-best_2007,
	title = {Second-Best Theory and the Use of Multiple Policy Instruments},
	journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2007},
	note = {A-49},
	month = {may},
	pages = {111{\textendash}129},
	issn = {0924-6460, 1573-1502},
	doi = {10.1007/s10640-007-9110-y},
	author = {Bennear, Lori Snyder and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_sensible_2007,
	title = {A Sensible Way to Cut CO2 Emissions},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-56},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {18},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_too_2007,
	title = {Too good to be true? An examination of three economic assessments of California climate change policy},
	year = {2007},
	note = {F-19},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w13587},
	author = {Robert Stavins and Jaffe, Judson and Schatzki, Todd}
}
@article {stavins_tradable_2007,
	title = {Tradable Permits: Fly in the Ointment?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-51},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {4950, 562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Company financing, Emissions trading{\textendash}Laws, Environmental permits{\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Pollution control{\textendash}Finance, regulations and rules, Sanitary Services, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_u.s._2007,
	title = {A U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Global Climate Change},
	year = {2007},
	note = {F-21},
	month = {oct},
	publisher = {The Hamilton Project},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_value_2007,
	title = {On the Value of Formal Assessment of Uncertainty in Regulatory Analysis},
	journal = {Regulation \& Governance},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {A-50},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {154{\textendash}171},
	abstract = {The US Office of Management and Budget introduced in 2003 a new requirement for the treatment of uncertainty in Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) of proposed regulations, requiring agencies to carry out a formal quantitative uncertainty assessment regarding a regulation{\textquoteright}s benefits and costs if either is expected to reach \$1 billion annually. Despite previous use in other contexts, such formal assessments of uncertainty have rarely been employed in RIAs or other regulatory analyses. We describe how formal quantitative assessments of uncertainty {\textendash} in particular, Monte Carlo analyses {\textendash} can be conducted, we examine the challenges and limitations of such analyses in the context of RIAs, and we assess how the resulting information can affect the evaluation of regulations. For illustrative purposes, we compare Monte Carlo analysis with methods typically used in RIAs to evaluate uncertainty in the context of economic analyses carried out for the US Environmental Protection Agency{\textquoteright}s Nonroad Diesel Rule, which became effective in 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Regulation \&amp; Governance is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder{\textquoteright}s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
	keywords = {benefit-cost analysis, benefit{\textendash}cost analysis, COST effectiveness, Monte Carlo analysis, Monte Carlo Method, NUMERICAL analysis, regulation, Uncertainty, United States, UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency, UNITED States. Office of Management \& Budget},
	issn = {17485983},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-5991.2007.00008.x},
	author = {Jaffe, Judson and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {olmstead_water_2007,
	title = {Water Demand Under Alternative Price Structures},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2007},
	note = {A-52},
	pages = {181{\textendash}198},
	abstract = {We estimate the price elasticity of water demand with household-level data, structurally modeling the piecewise-linear budget constraints imposed by increasing block pricing. We develop a mathematical expression for the unconditional price elasticity of demand under increasing block prices and compare conditional and unconditional elasticities analytically and empirically. We test the hypothesis that price elasticity may depend on price structure, beyond technical differences in elasticity concepts. Due to the possibility of endogenous utility price structure choice, observed differences in elasticity across price structures may be due either to a behavioral response to price structure, or to underlying heterogeneity among water utility service areas.},
	keywords = {Non-linear pricing, Price elasticity, Water demand},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jeem.2007.03.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069607000605},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Michael Hanemann, W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_what_2007,
	title = {What Is the Future of U.S. Coal?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {D-54},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {42152, 5052, 562, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Air pollution control{\textendash}Standards, Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Wholesalers, Coal and other minerals and ores, Coal industry{\textendash}Forecasts and trends, Government Regulation, United States, Waste Management and Remediation Services},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {anderson_editorial_2006,
	title = {Editorial Welcome},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-44},
	month = {may},
	url = {http://www.wine-economics.org/journal/details-content/volume-1-2006-no-1/},
	author = {Anderson, Kym and Ashenfelter, V. and Ginsburgh, Victor and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_as_2006,
	title = {As Reservoirs Fall, Prices Should Rise},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-49},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_is_2006,
	title = {Is Benefit-Cost Analysis Helpful? (usage of Economic Analysis in Evaluation of Environmental Regulations)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-47},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Environmental law{\textendash}Economic aspects, Law and economics (Jurisprudence){\textendash}Environmental aspects, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {newell_effects_2006,
	title = {The Effects of Economic and Policy Incentives on Carbon Mitigation Technologies},
	journal = {Energy Economics},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-48},
	pages = {563{\textendash}578},
	keywords = {Carbon Dioxide, emission reduction, incentives, Policy, Technology},
	issn = {01409883},
	doi = {10.1016/j.eneco.2006.07.004},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140988306000922},
	author = {Newell, Richard G. and Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_film_2006,
	title = {Film Review: Alexander Payne, Sideways},
	journal = {Journal of Wine Economics},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-43},
	month = {may},
	pages = {91{\textendash}93},
	url = {http://www.wine-economics.org/journal/details-content/volume-1-2006-no-1/film-review-alexander-payne-sideways/},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {olmstead_international_2006,
	title = {An International Policy Architecture for the Post-Kyoto Era},
	journal = {American Economic Review},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-47},
	month = {may},
	pages = {35{\textendash}38},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	doi = {10.1257/000282806777212413},
	author = {Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {lubowski_land-use_2006,
	title = {Land-Use Change and Carbon Sinks: Econometric Estimation of the Carbon Sequestration Supply Function},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-46},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {135{\textendash}152},
	abstract = {If the United States chooses to implement a greenhouse gas reduction program, it would be necessary to decide whether to include carbon sequestration policies{\textemdash}such as those that promote forestation and discourage deforestation{\textemdash}as part of the domestic portfolio of compliance activities. We investigate the cost of forest-based carbon sequestration by analyzing econometrically micro-data on revealed landowner preferences, modeling six major private land uses in a comprehensive analysis of the contiguous United States. The econometric estimates are used to simulate landowner responses to sequestration policies. We treat key commodity prices as endogenous and predict carbon storage changes with a carbon sink model. Our estimated sequestration costs exceed those from previous engineering cost analyses and sectoral optimization models. Our estimated sequestration supply function is similar to the carbon abatement supply function from energy-based analyses, suggesting that forest-based carbon sequestration merits consideration in a cost-effective portfolio of domestic US climate change strategies.},
	keywords = {Abatement, Carbon, Climate Change, Costs, Forestry, Greenhouse gases, LAND use, Land-use change, Sequestration},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jeem.2005.08.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069605000744},
	author = {Lubowski, Ruben N. and Plantinga, Andrew J. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_review_2006,
	title = {Review of The Market for Virtue: The Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility, by David Vogel.},
	journal = {Environment},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-46},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {43},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_straight_2006,
	title = {Some Straight Talk Needed About CSR},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-44},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_utility_2006,
	title = {The Utility Safety Valve for Cutting CO2},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-45},
	pages = {14},
	keywords = {Climate change{\textendash}Environmental aspects, Emissions (Pollution){\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Greenhouse gases{\textendash}Laws, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_vintage-differentiated_2006,
	title = {Vintage-Differentiated Environmental Regulation},
	journal = {Stanford Environmental Law Journal},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2006},
	note = {A-45},
	pages = {29{\textendash}63},
	url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/staev25\&id=33\&div=\&collection=journals},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_what_2006,
	title = {What Role for U.S. CO2 Sequestration?},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {D-48},
	pages = {16},
	keywords = {2813, 32512, Carbon sequestration{\textendash}Laws, Company business management, Emissions (Pollution){\textendash}Laws, Government Regulation, Industrial Gas Manufacturing, Industrial gases, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_better_2005,
	title = {A Better Climate Change Agreement},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-33},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_beyond_2005,
	title = {Beyond Kyoto: Getting Serious About Climate Change},
	journal = {The Milken Institute Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-34},
	pages = {28{\textendash}37},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {richards_cost_2005,
	title = {The Cost of U.S. Forest-Based Carbon Sequestration},
	year = {2005},
	note = {F-18},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {Pew Center on Global Climate Change},
	address = {Arlington, Virginia},
	author = {Richards, Kenneth R. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_does_2005,
	title = {Does Econ Analysis Shortchange Future},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-41},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_dont_2005,
	title = {Don{\textquoteright}t Blame Romney: Support the Safety-Valve for the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-42},
	month = {dec},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_effects_2005,
	title = {The Effects of Vintage-Differentiated Environmental Regulation},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-36},
	month = {mar},
	publisher = {AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies},
	type = {Related Publications},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {hay_environmental_2005,
	title = {Environmental Protection and the Social Responsibility of Firms: Perspectives from Law, Economics, and Business},
	year = {2005},
	note = {B-5},
	publisher = {Resources for the Future},
	organization = {Resources for the Future},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	abstract = {Everyone agrees that firms should obey the law. But beyond what the law requires-beyond bare compliance with regulations-do firms have additional social responsibilities to commit resources voluntarily to environmental protection? How should we think about firms sacrificing profits in the social interest? Are they permitted to do so, given their fiduciary responsibilities to their shareholders? Even if permissible, is the practice sustainable, or will the competitive marketplace render such efforts and their impacts transient at best? Furthermore, is the practice, however well intended, an efficient use of social and economic resources? And, as an empirical matter, to what extent do firms already behave this way? Until now, public discussion has generated more heat than light on both the normative and positive questions surrounding corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the environmental realm. In Environmental Protection and the Social Responsibility of Firms, some of the nation s leading scholars in law, economics, and business examine commonly accepted assumptions at the heart of current debates on corporate social responsibility and provide a foundation for future research and policymaking.},
	keywords = {Nature / Environmental Conservation \& Protection, Nature / Natural Resources, Science / Environmental Science},
	isbn = {978-1-933115-02-3},
	author = {Hay, Bruce L. and Robert N. Stavins and Vietor, Richard H. K.}
}
@article {stavins_global_2005,
	title = {Global Warming},
	journal = {Letters \& Notes},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-43},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {hansjurgens_implications_2005,
	title = {Implications of the U.S. Experience with Market-Based Environment Strategies for Future Climate Policy},
	booktitle = {Emissions Trading for Climate Policy: US and European Perspectives},
	year = {2005},
	note = {C-24},
	pages = {63{\textendash}77},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge; New York},
	abstract = {Review: "The 1997 Kyoto Conference introduced emissions trading as a new policy instrument for climate protection. Bringing together scholars in the fields of economics, political science, and law, this book provides a description, analysis, and evaluation of different aspects of emissions trading as an instrument to control greenhouse gases. The authors analyse theoretical aspects of regulatory instruments for climate policy, provide an overview of US experience with market-based instruments, draw lessons from existing trading schemes for the control of greenhouse gases, and discuss options for emissions trading in climate policy. They also highlight the background of climate policy and instrument choice in the USA and Europe, and of the emerging new systems in Europe, particularly the new EU directive for a CO[subscript 2] emissions trading system."{\textendash}Jacket.},
	keywords = {Air Pollution Emissions trading, Emissions credit trading, Emissions rights trading, Emissions trading European Union countries., Emissions trading United States., Emissions trading., Marketable permits for carbon dioxide emissions, Tradeable emission permits, Trading emissions credits},
	isbn = {978-0-521-84872-5},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Hansj{\"u}rgens, Bernd}
}
@article {stavins_lessons_2005,
	title = {Lessons Learned from SO2 Allowance Trading},
	journal = {Choices},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-37},
	pages = {53{\textendash}57},
	url = {http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2005-1/environment/2005-1-11.htm},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_making_2005,
	title = {The Making of a Conventional Wisdom},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-39},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {10},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_markets_2005,
	title = {Markets Can Make Fisheries Sustainable},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-35},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_regulating_2005,
	title = {Regulating by Vintage: Let{\textquoteright}s Put a Cork in It.(grandfather Clause on Power Plant Regulation)},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-38},
	pages = {10},
	keywords = {335312, 924, 92411, Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs, Administration of Environmental Quality Programs, Electric power plants{\textendash}Laws, Environmental policy{\textendash}Economic aspects, Government Regulation, Grandfather clauses{\textendash}Evaluation, Motor and Generator Manufacturing, regulations and rules, United States},
	issn = {0731-5732},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_tale_2005,
	title = {A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy},
	journal = {Technological Change and the Environment Technological Change},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2005},
	note = {A-41},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {164{\textendash}174},
	abstract = {Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economic-incentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely to be less than would be socially desirable. Positive knowledge and adoption spillovers and information problems can further weaken innovation incentives. While environmental technology policy is fraught with difficulties, a long-term view suggests a strategy of experimenting with policy approaches and systematically evaluating their success.},
	keywords = {Environment, Externality, Policy, Research and development, Technology},
	issn = {0921-8009},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800905000303},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {bennear_using_2005,
	title = {Using Revealed Preferences to Infer Environmental Benefits:Evidence from Recreational Fishing Licenses},
	journal = {Journal of Regulatory Economics},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2005},
	note = {A-42},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {157{\textendash}179},
	abstract = {We develop and apply a new method for estimating the economic benefits of an environmental amenity. The method is based upon the notion of estimating the derived demand for a privately traded option to utilize an open access good. In particular, the demand for state fishing licenses is used to infer the benefits of recreational fishing. Using panel data on state fishing license sales and prices for the continental United States over a 15-year period, combined with data on substitute prices and demographic variables, a license demand function is estimated with instrumental variable procedures to allow for the potential endogeneity of administered prices. The econometric results lead to estimates of the benefits of a fishing license, and subsequently to the expected benefits of a recreational fishing day. In contrast with previous studies, which have utilized travel cost or hypothetical market methods, our approach provides estimates that are directly comparable across geographic areas. Our findings show substantial variation in the value of a recreational fishing day across geographic areas in the United States. This suggests that current practice of using benefits estimates from one part of the country in national or regional analyses may lead to substantial bias in benefits estimates.},
	keywords = {environmental benefits, H41, Industrial Organization, Microeconomics, Public Finance \& Economics, Q21, Q22, Q26, recreational fishing day, revealed-preference valuation},
	issn = {0922-680X, 1573-0468},
	doi = {10.1007/s11149-005-3107-7},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11149-005-3107-7},
	author = {Bennear, Lori S. and Robert N. Stavins and Wagner, Alexander F.}
}
@article {stavins_what_2005,
	title = {What Baseball Can Teach Policymakers},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2005},
	note = {D-40},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {jaffe_economics_2004,
	title = {Economics of Energy Efficiency},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Energy},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {C-21},
	pages = {79{\textendash}90},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Cleveland, Cutler J.}
}
@inbook {riggs_environmental_2004,
	title = {Environmental Protection and Economic Well-Being: How Does (and How Should) Government Balance These Two Important Values?},
	booktitle = {Tackling the Critical Conundrum: How Do Business, Government and Media Balance Economic Growth and a Healthy Environment?},
	year = {2004},
	note = {C-23},
	pages = {43{\textendash}56},
	publisher = {The Aspen Institute},
	organization = {The Aspen Institute},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Riggs, John A.}
}
@article {stavins_forging_2004,
	title = {Forging A More Effective: Global Climate Treaty},
	journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2004},
	note = {A-40},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {22{\textendash}30},
	issn = {0013-9157},
	doi = {10.1080/00139150409605819},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139150409605819},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_introduction_2004,
	title = {Introduction},
	booktitle = {The Political Economy of Environmental Regulation},
	series = {Elgar reference collection},
	year = {2004},
	note = {C-22},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, Mass},
	keywords = {Environmental management Economic aspects United States., Environmental policy United States.},
	isbn = {978-1-84376-447-2},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_myth_2004,
	title = {The Myth of Simple Market Solutions},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {D-29},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_myth_2004-1,
	title = {The Myth of the Universal Market},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {D-28},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_myths_2004,
	title = {The Myths of Market Prices and Efficiency},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {D-30},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@book {stavins_political_2004,
	title = {The Political Economy of Environmental Regulation},
	year = {2004},
	note = {B-4},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Northampton, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_tale_2004,
	title = {A Tale of Two Taxes, A Challenge to Hill},
	journal = {The Environmental Forum},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {D-32},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {jaffe_technology_2004,
	title = {Technology Policy for Energy and the Environment},
	booktitle = {Innovation Policy and the Economy},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {C-20},
	pages = {35{\textendash}68},
	publisher = {The MIT Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research},
	organization = {The MIT Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Josh Lerner and Scott Stern}
}
@booklet {stavins_value_2004,
	title = {The Value of Formal Quantitative Assessment of Uncertainty in Regulatory Analysis},
	year = {2004},
	note = {D-31},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies},
	type = {Related Publications},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Jaffe, Judson}
}
@article {newell_cost_2003,
	title = {Cost Heterogeneity and the Potential Savings from Market-Based Policies},
	journal = {Journal of Regulatory Economics},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-34},
	pages = {43{\textendash}59},
	abstract = {Policy makers and analysts are often faced with situations where it is unclear whether market-based instruments hold real promise of reducing costs, relative to conventional uniform standards. We develop analytic expressions that can be employed with modest amounts of information to estimate the potential cost savings associated with market-based policies, with an application to the environmental policy realm. These simple formulae can identify instruments that merit more detailed investigation. We illustrate the use of these results with an application to nitrogen oxides control by electric utilities in the United States.},
	keywords = {Industrial Organization, Microeconomics, Public Finance \& Economics},
	issn = {0922-680X, 1573-0468},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1021879330491},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A\%3A1021879330491},
	author = {Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {snyder_effects_2003,
	title = {The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Technology Diffusion: The Case of Chlorine Manufacturing},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-36},
	month = {may},
	pages = {431{\textendash}435},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3132267},
	author = {Snyder, Lori D. and Miller, Nolan H. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {hahn_environmental_2003,
	title = {Environmental Regulation in the 1990s: A Retrospective Analysis},
	journal = {Harvard Environmental Law Review},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-37},
	pages = {377{\textendash}415},
	url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/helr27\&id=383\&div=\&collection=journals},
	author = {Hahn, Robert W. and Olmstead, Sheila M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_experience_2003,
	title = {Experience with Market-Based Environmental Policy Instruments},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Environmental Economics},
	volume = {I},
	year = {2003},
	note = {C-18},
	pages = {355{\textendash}435},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	organization = {Elsevier Science},
	address = {Amsterdam, Netherlands},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {M{\"a}ler, Karl-G{\"o}ran and Vincent, Jeffrey}
}
@article {barrett_increasing_2003,
	title = {Increasing Participation and Compliance in International Climate Change Agreements},
	journal = {International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-39},
	pages = {349{\textendash}376},
	doi = {10.1023/B:INEA.0000005767.67689.28},
	author = {Barrett, Scott and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_interpreting_2003,
	title = {Interpreting Sustainability in Economic Terms: Dynamic Efficiency Plus Intergenerational Equity},
	journal = {Economics Letters},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-35},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {339{\textendash}343},
	abstract = {Economists have confined the concept of {\textquoteleft}sustainability{\textquoteright} to intertemporal distributional equity. We propose a broader definition, combining dynamic efficiency and intergenerational equity, and relate it to two concepts from neoclassical economics: potential Pareto-improvements and inter-personal compensation.},
	keywords = {Environmental quality, Intergenerational equity, Kaldor{\textendash}Hicks criterion, Sustainability, Sustainable Development},
	issn = {0165-1765},
	doi = {10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00036-3},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176503000363},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Wagner, Alexander F. and Gernot Wagner}
}
@article {stavins_taking_2003,
	title = {Taking Fish to Market},
	journal = {Forbes},
	year = {2003},
	note = {D-27},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {40},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	url = {http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/0428/040.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {jaffe_technological_2003,
	title = {Technological Change and the Environment},
	booktitle = {Handbook of Environmental Economics, Vol. 1},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {C-19},
	pages = {461{\textendash}516},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science B.V.},
	organization = {Elsevier Science B.V.},
	address = {Amsterdam and Boston},
	abstract = {Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This chapter summarizes current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative implications of these analyses. We begin with a brief overview of the economics of technological change, and then examine theory and empirical evidence on invention, innovation, and diffusion and the related literature on the effects of environmental policy on the creation of new, environmentally friendly technology. We conclude with suggestions for further research on technological change and the environment.},
	keywords = {change, Tech},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {M{\"a}ler, K.-G. and Vincent, J.R.}
}
@article {aldy_thirteen_2003,
	title = {Thirteen Plus One: A Comparison of Global Climate Policy Architectures},
	journal = {Climate Policy},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {A-38},
	pages = {373{\textendash}397},
	abstract = {We critically review the Kyoto Protocol and thirteen alternative policy architectures for addressing the threat of global climate change. We employ six criteria to evaluate the policy proposals: environmental outcome, dynamic efficiency, cost-effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance. The Kyoto Protocol does not fare well on a number of criteria, but none of the alternative proposals fare well along all six dimensions. We identify several major themes among the alternative proposals: Kyoto is {\textquotedblleft}too little, too fast{\textquotedblright}; developing countries (DCs) should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. Our investigation reveals tensions among several of the evaluative criteria, such as between environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance.},
	keywords = {Compliance, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity, Kyoto Protocol, Participation, Policy Architecture},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clipol.2003.09.004},
	author = {Aldy, Joseph E. and Barrett, Scott and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_affordability_2002,
	title = {Affordability Criteria for Small Drinking Water Systems},
	year = {2002},
	note = {E-10},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_better_2002,
	title = {A Better Way to Regulate Fishing},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2002},
	note = {D-26},
	month = {dec},
	edition = {Op-Ed},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_brayton_2002,
	title = {Brayton Point Power Plant: Weigh Costs to Benefit},
	journal = {Boston Business Journal},
	year = {2002},
	note = {D-24},
	month = {jun},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	url = {http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2002/06/24/editorial2.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {goulder_discounting:_2002,
	title = {Discounting: An eye on the future},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {419},
	year = {2002},
	note = {A-32},
	pages = {673{\textendash}674},
	abstract = {Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/419673a},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v419/n6908/full/419673a.html},
	author = {Goulder, Lawrence H and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {plantinga_effects_2002,
	title = {The Effects of Potential Land Development on Agricultural Land Prices},
	journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2002},
	note = {A-33},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {561{\textendash}581},
	abstract = {We conduct a national-scale analysis of the determinants of agricultural land values. The theoretical basis for the study is a spatial city model with stochastic returns to future land development. The empirical model of agricultural land prices is estimated with a cross-section on approximately three thousand counties in the contiguous US. The results provide evidence that option values associated with irreversible and uncertain land development are capitalized into current farmland values. For each county, we decompose the current agricultural land value into components measuring rents from agricultural production and rents from future land development.},
	keywords = {Agricultural land prices, Land development, LAND use, Urban spatial models},
	issn = {0094-1190},
	doi = {10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00503-X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009411900200503X},
	author = {Plantinga, Andrew J. and Lubowski, Ruben N. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_environmental_2002,
	title = {Environmental Policy and Technological Change},
	journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2002},
	note = {A-31},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {41{\textendash}70},
	abstract = {The relationship between technological changeand environmental policy has receivedincreasing attention from scholars and policymakers alike over the past ten years. This ispartly because the environmental impacts ofsocial activity are significantly affected bytechnological change, and partly becauseenvironmental policy interventions themselvescreate new constraints and incentives thataffect the process of technologicaldevelopments. Our central purpose in thisarticle is to provide environmental economistswith a useful guide to research ontechnological change and the analytical toolsthat can be used to explore further theinteraction between technology and theenvironment. In Part 1 of the article, weprovide an overview of analytical frameworksfor investigating the economics oftechnological change, highlighting key issuesfor the researcher. In Part 2, we turn ourattention to theoretical analysis of theeffects of environmental policy ontechnological change, and in Part 3, we focuson issues related to the empirical analysis oftechnology innovation and diffusion. Finally,we conclude in Part 4 with some additionalsuggestions for research.},
	keywords = {Diffusion, Economic Policy, Economics/Management Science, ENVIRONMENTAL economics, Environmental Management, Environmental policy, General, innovation, invention, technological change},
	issn = {0924-6460, 1573-1502},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1015519401088},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A\%3A1015519401088},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_importance_2002,
	title = {Importance of Maintaining the Annual Pollution Abatement Cost and Expenditures (PACE) Survey},
	year = {2002},
	note = {E-9},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {donahue_lessons_2002,
	title = {Lessons from the American Experiment with Market-Based Environmental Policies},
	booktitle = {Market-Based Governance: Supply Side, Demand Side, Upside, and Downside},
	year = {2002},
	note = {C-17},
	pages = {173{\textendash}200},
	publisher = {The Brookings Institution},
	organization = {The Brookings Institution},
	address = {Washington D.C.},
	keywords = {\& Decision Sciences, \& Government., \& Institutions., Business, Denationalization, DPI {\textendash} Democracy, Government business enterprises., Government companies, HKS Faculty., IGA {\textendash} International Global Affairs., leadership, MBG {\textendash} Markets, MLD {\textendash} Management, Nationalized companies, Parastatals, Politics, Privatisation, Privatization., Public Enterprises},
	isbn = {978-0-8157-0628-1},
	author = {John D. Donahue and Joseph S. Nye and Richard Zeckhauser and Frumkin, Peter and Kelman, Steven and Fung, Archon and Schauer, Frederick F. and Stavins, R. N. and Cary Coglianese and Lazer, David and Kamarck, Elaine Ciulla and Moore, Mark Harrison and Behn, Robert D. and Visions of Governance in the 21st Century}
}
@article {stavins_level_2002,
	title = {A Level Field on Pollution at Power Plants},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2002},
	note = {D-23},
	month = {jan},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Gruenspecht, Howard K.}
}
@inbook {frankel_national_2002,
	title = {National Environmental Policy During the Clinton Years},
	booktitle = {American Economic Policy in the 1990s},
	year = {2002},
	note = {C-16},
	pages = {583{\textendash}660},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	organization = {MIT Press},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	abstract = {Note: For a PDF file that can be downloaded, please see "Environmental Regulation During the 1990s: A Retrospective Analysis," Harvard Environmental Law Review, above, in section titled, "Academic Journals.},
	keywords = {DEV {\textendash} International Development., HKS Faculty., United States Economic conditions 1981-2001., United States Economic policy 1993-2001.},
	isbn = {978-0-262-06230-5},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Hahn, Robert W.},
	editor = {Jeffrey A. Frankel and Peter R. Orszag}
}
@article {stavins_new_2002,
	title = {New Source Review Under the Clean Air Act: Ripe for Reform},
	journal = {Resources},
	year = {2002},
	note = {D-25},
	pages = {19{\textendash}23},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Gruenspecht, Howard K.}
}
@booklet {stavins_approach_2001,
	title = {An Approach to Developing a Research Agenda for Environmental Economics},
	year = {2001},
	note = {E-7},
	month = {dec},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {claussen_economic_2001,
	title = {Economic Analysis of Global Climate Change Policy: A Primer},
	booktitle = {Climate Change: Science, Strategies, \& Solutions},
	year = {2001},
	note = {C-15},
	publisher = {Brill Publishing},
	organization = {Brill Publishing},
	address = {Boston, Massachusetts},
	keywords = {Changes, Climate Change, Climate changes, Climate variations, Climatic, Climatic change, Climatic changes Environmental aspects, Climatic changes., Climatic fluctuations, Climatic variations, Global climate changes, Global climatic changes},
	isbn = {978-90-04-12024-2},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Claussen, Eileen and Cochran, Vicki Arroyo and Davis, Debra P.}
}
@book {stavins_environmental_2001,
	title = {Environmental Economics and Public Policy: Selected Papers of Robert N. Stavins, 1988-1999},
	year = {2001},
	note = {B-3},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Northampton, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_give_2001,
	title = {Give Bush Time on Climate Issues},
	journal = {The Boston Globe},
	year = {2001},
	note = {D-22},
	month = {apr},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_market_2001,
	title = {Market Incentives},
	year = {2001},
	note = {E-8},
	month = {dec},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {bashmakov_policies_2001,
	title = {Policies, Measures, and Instruments},
	booktitle = {Climate Change 2001: Mitigation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Third Assessment Report, Working Group III, Chapter 6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {C-14b},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge, UK; New York},
	keywords = {Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, Climatic changes Government policy., Computer network resources., emission reduction, Emissions reduction, GHG mitigation, Greenhouse gas, Greenhouse gas abatement, Greenhouse gas emission reduction, Greenhouse gas emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas mitigation., Greenhouse gas reduction, Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions},
	isbn = {978-0-521-80769-2},
	author = {Bashmakov, I. and Jepma, C. and Bohm, P. and Gupta, S. and Haites, Erik and T. Heller and Montero, J.P. and Pasc-Font, A. and Turkson, J. and Xu, H and Yamaguchi, M. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_trade_2001,
	title = {Trade and the Environment},
	year = {2001},
	note = {E-6},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_two-way_2001,
	title = {A Two-Way Street Between Environmental Economics and Public Policy},
	booktitle = {Environmental Economics and Public Policy: Selected Papers of Robert N. Stavins, 1988-1999},
	series = {New horizons in environmental economics},
	year = {2001},
	note = {C-14a},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, Mass},
	abstract = {Review: "Robert N. Stavins has emerged as one of the most influential voices in environmental economics over the last decade and a half. These twenty-three essays on environmental economics and policy, written by Professor Stavins and his co-authors over the period 1988-1999, originally appeared in a diverse set of leading scholarly periodicals and are here collected for the first time." "Students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers will find this volume a valuable and very useful addition to their collection."{\textendash}Jacket.},
	keywords = {Environmental economics United States., Environmental law Compliance costs United States., Environmental policy Economic aspects United States., Essays., United States Economic policy Environmental aspects.},
	isbn = {978-1-84064-333-6},
	author = {Stavins, R. N.}
}
@booklet {coglianese_amici_2000,
	title = {Amici Curiae Brief to U.S. Supreme Court Arguing that Natural Science Alone Cannot Provide a Basis for Risk Management Decisions},
	year = {2000},
	note = {F-17},
	month = {sep},
	author = {Coglianese, C. and Marchant, G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {litan_amici_2000,
	title = {Amici Curiae Brief to U.S. Supreme Court Recommending that EPA be Allowed to Consider Costs and Consequences of Environmental Regulations},
	year = {2000},
	note = {F-16},
	month = {jul},
	publisher = {AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Litan, R. and Hahn, Robert W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {newell_climate_2000,
	title = {Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2000},
	note = {A-30},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {211{\textendash}235},
	abstract = {The possibility of encouraging the growth of forests as a means of sequestering carbon dioxide has received considerable attention, partly because of evidence that this can be a relatively inexpensive means of combating climate change. But how sensitive are such estimates to specific conditions? We examine the sensitivity of carbon sequestration costs to changes in critical factors, including the nature of management and deforestation regimes, silvicultural species, relative prices, and discount rates.},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1006/jeem.1999.1120},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069699911208},
	author = {Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {portney_introduction_2000,
	title = {Introduction},
	booktitle = {Public Policies for Environmental Protection},
	year = {2000},
	note = {C-13},
	publisher = {Resources for the Future},
	organization = {Resources for the Future},
	edition = {2nd ed.},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {Environmental law United States., Environmental policy United States., Pollution Law and legislation United States., Pollution United States.},
	isbn = {978-1-891853-03-6},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Paul R. Portney and Stavins, R. N.}
}
@inbook {portney_market-based_2000,
	title = {Market-Based Environmental Policies},
	booktitle = {Public Policies for Environmental Protection},
	year = {2000},
	note = {C-14},
	publisher = {Resources for the Future},
	organization = {Resources for the Future},
	edition = {2nd ed.},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {Environmental law United States., Environmental policy United States., Pollution Law and legislation United States., Pollution United States.},
	isbn = {978-1-891853-03-6},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Paul R. Portney and Stavins, R. N.}
}
@book {portney_public_2000,
	title = {Public Policies for Environmental Protection},
	year = {2000},
	note = {B-2},
	publisher = {Resources for the Future},
	organization = {Resources for the Future},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Paul R. Portney and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_review_2000,
	title = {Review of Pollution for Sale: Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation, edited by Steve Sorrell and Jim Skea},
	journal = {Environment},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2000},
	note = {D-21},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {45},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_sab_2000,
	title = {An SAB Report on EPA{\textquoteright}s White Paper Valuing the Benefits of Fatal Cancer Risk Reductions},
	year = {2000},
	note = {E-5},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_consultation_1999,
	title = {Consultation on the Topic: Induced Travel: Does Additional Highway Capacity Influence Travel Demand?},
	year = {1999},
	note = {E-4},
	month = {dec},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_costs_1999,
	title = {The Costs of Carbon Sequestration: A Revealed-Preference Approach},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	volume = {89},
	year = {1999},
	note = {A-29},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {994{\textendash}1009},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/117170},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {jaffe_energy-efficient_1999,
	title = {Energy-Efficient Technologies and Climate Change Policies: Issues and Evidence},
	year = {1999},
	note = {D-20},
	month = {dec},
	publisher = {Resources for the Future},
	type = {Climate Issue Brief},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_how_1999,
	title = {How to Stop Squandering Water? Raise Its Price},
	journal = {The New York Times},
	year = {1999},
	note = {D-19},
	month = {aug},
	chapter = {Op-Ed},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_importance_1999,
	title = {Importance of Reinstating the Pollution Abatement and Control Expenditures (PACE) Survey},
	year = {1999},
	note = {E-2},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {newell_induced_1999,
	title = {The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change},
	journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	volume = {114},
	year = {1999},
	note = {A-28},
	pages = {941 {\textendash}975},
	abstract = {We develop a methodology for testing Hicks{\textquoteright}s induced innovation hypothesis by estimating a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting the hypothesis to allow for the influence of government regulations. For the products we explored, the evidence suggests that (i) the rate of overall innovation was independent of energy prices and regulations; (ii) the direction of innovation was responsive to energy price changes for some products but not for others; (iii) energy price changes induced changes in the subset of technically feasible models that were offered for sale; (iv) this responsiveness increased substantially during the period after energy-efficiency product labeling was required; and (v) nonetheless, a sizable portion of efficiency improvements were autonomous.},
	doi = {10.1162/003355399556188},
	url = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/content/114/3/941.abstract},
	author = {Newell, Richard G. and Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {panagariya_positive_1999,
	title = {The Positive Political Economy of Instrument Choice in Environmental Policy},
	booktitle = {Environmental and Public Economics: Essays in Honor of Wallace E. Oates},
	year = {1999},
	note = {C-12},
	pages = {89{\textendash}125},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar, Ltd.},
	organization = {Edward Elgar, Ltd.},
	address = {London},
	keywords = {Economic, Economic nationalism, Economic planning, Economic policy., Economics Environmental aspects, Environmental economics., Environmental quality Economic aspects, National planning, Oates, PLANNING, State planning, Wallace E.},
	isbn = {978-1-85898-611-1},
	author = {Keohane, Nathaniel and Robert N. Stavins and Revesz, R. L.},
	editor = {Panagariya, Arvind and Paul R. Portney and Schwab, Robert M.}
}
@booklet {pfaff_readings_1999,
	title = {Readings in the Field of Natural Resource and Environmental Economics},
	year = {1999},
	note = {F-14},
	month = {jun},
	publisher = {Harvard Kennedy School},
	author = {Pfaff, A. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_review_1999,
	title = {Review of Economics and Policy Issues in Climate Change, edited by William Nordhaus.},
	journal = {Environment},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1999},
	note = {D-18},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {27},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_sab_1999,
	title = {An SAB Report on the EPA Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analysis},
	year = {1999},
	note = {E-3},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {hahn_what_2009,
	title = {What Has the Kyoto Protocol Wrought? The Real Architecture of International Tradeable Permit Markets},
	year = {1999},
	note = {F-15},
	publisher = {The AEI Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Hahn, Robert W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {keohane_choice_1998,
	title = {The Choice of Regulatory Instruments in Environmental Policy},
	journal = {Harvard Environmental Law Review},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1998},
	note = {A-25},
	pages = {313{\textendash}367},
	author = {Keohane, Nathaniel and Revesz, R. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {newman_economic_1998,
	title = {Economic Incentives for Environmental Regulation},
	booktitle = {The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law},
	year = {1998},
	note = {C-11},
	publisher = {Macmillan Reference ; New York, NY, USA},
	organization = {Macmillan Reference ; New York, NY, USA},
	address = {London, UK},
	keywords = {Law and economics Dictionaries.},
	isbn = {978-0-333-67667-7},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Peter Newman}
}
@article {fullerton_how_1998,
	title = {How Economists See the Environment},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {395},
	year = {1998},
	note = {A-27},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {433{\textendash}434},
	abstract = {Economists and ecologists misunderstand each other about the environment. Improving interdisciplinary communication should enable natural scientists to take economic analysis and prescriptions more seriously.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/26606},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v395/n6701/full/395433a0.html},
	author = {Fullerton, Don and Robert Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_methodological_1998,
	title = {A Methodological Investigation of the Costs of Carbon Sequestration},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Economics},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1998},
	note = {A-23},
	pages = {231{\textendash}277},
	url = {http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/A\%20Methodological\%20Investigation.pdf},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_sab_1998,
	title = {An SAB Advisory on Economic Research Topics and Priorities},
	year = {1998},
	note = {E-1},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_significant_1998,
	title = {Significant Issues for Environmental Policy and Air Regulation for the Next Decade},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1998},
	note = {A-24},
	pages = {143{\textendash}147},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_what_1998,
	title = {What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from so2 Allowance Trading},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1998},
	note = {A-26},
	pages = {69{\textendash}88},
	doi = {10.1257/jep.12.3.69},
	url = {http://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/jecper/v12y1998i3p69-88.html},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {hockenstein_crafting_1997,
	title = {Crafting the Next Generation of Market-Based Environmental Tools},
	journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	volume = {39},
	year = {1997},
	note = {A-21},
	month = {may},
	pages = {12{\textendash}33},
	issn = {0013-9157},
	doi = {10.1080/00139159709603637},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159709603637},
	author = {Hockenstein, Jeremy B. and Robert N. Stavins and Whitehead, Bradley W.}
}
@booklet {stavins_environmental_1997,
	title = {Environmental Protection: The Changing Nature of National Governance},
	year = {1997},
	note = {F-13},
	month = {jul},
	address = {Bretton Woods, New Hampshire},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {chertow_market-based_1997,
	title = {Market-Based Environmental Policies},
	booktitle = {Thinking Ecologically: The Next Generation of Environmental Policy},
	year = {1997},
	note = {C-10},
	pages = {105{\textendash}117},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	organization = {Yale University Press},
	address = {New Haven},
	keywords = {Environment and state, Environmental control, Environmental management Government policy, Environmental policy., Environmental protection Government policy, Environmental protection., Environmental quality Government policy, Environmental quality management, Protection of environment, State and environment},
	isbn = {978-0-300-07301-0},
	author = {Whitehead, B. and Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Chertow, Marian R. and Esty, Daniel C.}
}
@article {stavins_policy_1997,
	title = {Policy Instruments for Climate Change: How Can National Governments Address a Global Problem},
	journal = {University of Chicago Legal Forum},
	volume = {1997},
	year = {1997},
	note = {A-22},
	pages = {293{\textendash}329},
	url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/uchclf1997\&id=297\&div=\&collection=journals},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {arrow_benefit-cost_1996,
	title = {Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation},
	year = {1996},
	note = {F-11},
	publisher = {American Enterprise Institute, The Annapolis Center, and Resources for the Future},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Kenneth J. Arrow and Cropper, Maureen L. and Eads, George C. and Hahn, Robert W. and Lester B. Lave and Noll, Roger G. and Paul R. Portney and Russel, M. and Schmalensee, Richard and Smith, K. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_correlated_1996,
	title = {Correlated Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Choice},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1996},
	note = {A-18},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {218{\textendash}232},
	abstract = {For two decades, environmental economists have generally maintained that benefit uncertainty is irrelevant for choosing between price and quantity instruments, but that cost uncertainty matters, with the identity of the efficient instrument depending upon the relative slopes of the marginal benefit and cost functions. But, in the presence of simultaneous, correlated uncertainty, such policy instrument recommendations may be inappropriate. With plausible values of relevant parameters, the conventional identification of a price instrument will be reversed, to favor instead a quantity instrument. The opposite reversal{\textemdash}from the choice of a quantity instrument to a price instrument{\textemdash}seems less likely to occur.},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1006/jeem.1996.0015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069696900157},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_economic_1996,
	title = {Economic Thinking in Environmental Coverage: It{\textquoteright}s Not Accounting},
	journal = {The Quill},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1996},
	note = {D-17},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {31{\textendash}34},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {barrett_nordic_1996,
	title = {Nordic Joint Implementation Negotiations: Evaluation of an Experiment},
	year = {1996},
	note = {F-12},
	month = {nov},
	author = {Barrett, Scott and Hourcade, Jean-Charles and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {barrett_policy_1996,
	title = {Policy Instruments to Combat Climate Change},
	booktitle = {Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Second Assessment Report, Working Group III, Chapter 11},
	year = {1996},
	note = {C-9},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	address = {Cambridge, England},
	author = {Barrett, Scott and Bohm, P. and Fisher, B. and M. Kuroda and Mubazi, J. and Shah, A. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_review_1996,
	title = {Review of Valuing Climate Change by Samuel Fankhauser},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1996},
	note = {A-20},
	pages = {1999{\textendash}2000},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {arrow_is_1996,
	title = {Is There a Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation?},
	journal = {New Series},
	volume = {272},
	year = {1996},
	note = {A-19},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {221{\textendash}222},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2889625},
	author = {Kenneth J. Arrow and Cropper, Maureen L. and Eads, George C. and Hahn, Robert W. and Lester B. Lave and Noll, Roger G. and Paul R. Portney and Milton Russell and Schmalensee, Richard and Smith, V. Kerry and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_decision-making_1995,
	title = {Decision-Making Tools for Environmental Policy},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of VI Repsol-Harvard Seminar on Energy Policy},
	year = {1995},
	note = {C-7},
	pages = {77{\textendash}84},
	address = {S{\textquoteright}Agaro, Spain},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_dynamic_1995,
	title = {Dynamic Incentives of Environmental Regulations: The Effects of Alternative Policy Instruments on Technology Diffusion},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1995},
	note = {A-17},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {43{\textendash}63},
	doi = {doi:10.1006/jeem.1995.1060},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069685710601},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_environmental_1995,
	title = {Environmental Policy: Better Media Coverage of Risks Is Urged},
	journal = {Nieman Reports},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1995},
	note = {D-16},
	pages = {12{\textendash}14},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_environmental_1995,
	title = {Environmental Policy in a Transition Economy: Designing Tradeable Permits for Poland},
	year = {1995},
	note = {C-8},
	publisher = {Environment and Natural Resources Program},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Zylicz, T.}
}
@article {jaffe_environmental_1995,
	title = {Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	volume = {33},
	year = {1995},
	note = {A-15},
	pages = {132{\textendash}163},
	issn = {0022-0515},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2728912},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Peterson, Steven R. and Paul R. Portney and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {schwab_harnessing_1995,
	title = {Harnessing Market Forces to Protect the Environment},
	booktitle = {Overcoming Indifference: Ten Key Challenges in Today{\textquoteright}s Changing World: A Survey of Ideas and Proposals for Action on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century},
	year = {1995},
	note = {C-5},
	publisher = {New York University Press},
	organization = {New York University Press},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {Economic, Economic forecasting., Economic nationalism, Economic planning, Economic policy., Economics Forecasting, National planning, PLANNING, prediction, Social, Social forecasting, Social policy., Social prediction., Sociological prediction, State planning},
	isbn = {978-0-8147-8008-4},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Schwab, Klaus}
}
@inbook {lee_trading_1995,
	title = {Trading in Greenhouse Permits: A Critical Examination of Design and Implementation Issues},
	booktitle = {Shaping National Responses to Climate Change: A Post-Rio Policy Guide},
	year = {1995},
	note = {C-6},
	pages = {177{\textendash}217},
	publisher = {Island Press},
	organization = {Island Press},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Hahn, Robert W.},
	editor = {Henry Lee}
}
@article {stavins_transaction_1995,
	title = {Transaction Costs and Markets for Pollution Control},
	journal = {Resources},
	year = {1995},
	note = {D-15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_transaction_1995,
	title = {Transaction Costs and Tradeable Permits},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1995},
	note = {A-16},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {133{\textendash}148},
	abstract = {Tradeable-permit systems are at the center of current interest and activity in market-based reforms of environmental policy, because these systems can offer significant advantages over conventional approaches to pollution control. Unfortunately, claims made for their relative cost-effectiveness have often been exaggerated. Transaction costs, which may be significant in these markets, reduce trading levels and increase abatement costs. In some cases, equilibrium permit allocations and hence aggregate control costs are sensitive to initial permit distributions, providing an efficiency justification for politicians' typical focus on initial allocations.},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1006/jeem.1995.1036},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069685710364},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_challenge_1994,
	title = {The Challenge of Going Green: A Perspective on Environmental Regulation and Competitiveness},
	journal = {Harvard Business Review},
	year = {1994},
	note = {D-14},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {38{\textendash}39},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {lee_developments_1994,
	title = {Developments at the Interface of U.S. Energy and Environmental Policy},
	booktitle = {Energy and the Environment: Evolving Challenges and Opportunities},
	year = {1994},
	note = {C-4},
	publisher = {Harvard International Energy Studies},
	organization = {Harvard International Energy Studies},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	keywords = {\& Government., Business, Electric utilities Government policy United States., Energy policy Environmental aspects United States., Energy policy United States., HKS Faculty., MBG {\textendash} Markets, Petroleum industry and trade Former Soviet republics.},
	isbn = {978-0-942781-07-6},
	author = {Henry Lee and Newell, Richard G. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_energy_1994,
	title = {The Energy Paradox and the Diffusion of Conservation Technology},
	journal = {Resource and Energy Economics},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1994},
	note = {A-13},
	month = {may},
	pages = {91{\textendash}122},
	abstract = {We develop a framework for thinking about the {\textquoteright}paradox{\textquoteright} of very gradual diffusion of apparently cost-effective energy-conservation technologies. Our analysis provides some keys to understanding why this technology-diffusion process i.s gradual, and focuses attention on the factors that cause this to be the case, including those associated with potential market failures - information problems, principal/agent slippage, and unobserved costs - and those explanations that do not represent market failures - private information costs, high discount rates, and heterogeneity among potential adopters. Additionally, our analysis indicates how alternative policy instruments - both economic incentives and direct regulations can hasten the diffusion of energy-conserving technologies.},
	keywords = {033, 617-495-1635, 617-495-1820, cons, corresponding author, energy efficiency, fax, harvard university and faculty, j e l classification, jaffe is an associate, lvation, professor of economics at, q48, Research, technology diffusion, tel},
	doi = {10.1016/0928-7655(94)90001-9},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0928765594900019},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_energy-efficiency_1994,
	title = {The Energy-Efficiency Gap: What Does It Mean?},
	journal = {Energy Policy},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1994},
	note = {A-14},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {804{\textendash}810},
	abstract = {As renewed attention has been given by policy makers to energy conservation issues, it has frequently been asserted that an energy-efficiency gap exists between actual and optimal energy use. The critical questions is how to define the optimal level of energy efficiency. This paper seeks to disentangle some confusing strands of argument that are frequently brought to bear on this question, by identifying the major conceptual issues that determine the set of feasible answers. We identify five separate and distinct notions of optimality: the economists{\textquoteright} economic potential, the technologists{\textquoteright} economic potential, hypothetical potential, the narrow social optimum and the true social optimum. Each of these has associated with it a corresponding definition of the energy-efficiency gap. Our analysis demonstrates that necessary preconditions for identifying the right measure of the energy-efficiency gap include understanding and disentangling market failure and non-market failure explanations for the gradual diffusion of energy-efficient technologies.},
	keywords = {about global climate change, arising from the greenhouse, because of concerns, being given by policy, conservation, energy-efficiency gap, makers, market barriers, market failures, renewed attention is now, to issues of energy},
	issn = {03014215},
	doi = {10.1016/0301-4215(94)90138-4},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0301421594901384},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {jaffe_energy-efficiency_1994-1,
	title = {Energy-Efficiency Investments and Public Policy},
	journal = {The Energy Journal},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1994},
	note = {A-12},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {43{\textendash}65},
	abstract = {Concern about carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas has focused renewed attention on energy conservation because fossil fuel combustion is a major source of CO$_{2}$ emissions. Since it is generally acknowledged that energy use could be significantly reduced through broader adoption of existing technologies, policy makers need to know how effective various policy instruments might be in accelerating the diffusion of these technologies. We examine the factors that determine the rate of diffusion, focusing on (i) potential market failures: information problems, principal-agent slippage, and unobserved costs, and (ii) explanations that do not represent market failures: private information costs, high discount rates, and heterogeneity among potential adopters. Through a series of simulations we explore how alternative policy instruments{\textemdash}both economic incentives and more conventional, direct regulations{\textemdash}could hasten the diffusion of energy-conserving technologies.},
	issn = {0195-6574},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/41322875},
	author = {Jaffe, Adam B. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {portney_regulatory_1994,
	title = {Regulatory Review of Environmental Policy: The Potential Role of Health-Health Analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Risk and Uncertainty},
	year = {1994},
	note = {A-11},
	pages = {111{\textendash}122},
	abstract = {Health-health analysis (HHA) posits a seemingly unassailable criterion for regulatory assessment: policies intended to protect human health ought to exhibit positive health benefits. Despite the apparent logic of this criterion, it is important to ask whether it would aid in the quest for better public policies. In the context of environmental issues, we find that HHA can be useful by reminding us that it is the net health impact of a proposed regulation that can be important. However, we also find that in most applications the health impacts of regulatory compliance costs are unlikely to be significant. Conventional benefit-cost analysis ought to remain the principal tool of economic assessment of environmental laws and regulations.},
	keywords = {ENVIRONMENTAL economics, Environmental policy, health-health analysis, Labor Economics, Microeconomics, Public Health, regulatory review},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-1360-1_7},
	author = {Paul R. Portney and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {stavins_economic_1993,
	title = {Economic Incentives for Environmental Protection},
	booktitle = {McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Economics},
	year = {1993},
	note = {C-3},
	pages = {321{\textendash}324},
	publisher = {McGraw-Hill, Inc.},
	organization = {McGraw-Hill, Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Hahn, Robert W.}
}
@article {stavins_green_1993,
	title = {Green Taxes Would Reduce Pollution and Support Economic Growth},
	journal = {Governing},
	year = {1993},
	note = {D-10},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {69{\textendash}70},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {marshall_greening_1993,
	title = {The Greening of the Market},
	booktitle = {Mandate for Change},
	year = {1993},
	note = {C-2},
	pages = {197{\textendash}216},
	publisher = {Berkley Book},
	organization = {Berkley Book},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Grumbly, T.},
	editor = {Marshall, Will and Schram, Martin}
}
@article {stavins_market_1993,
	title = {Market Forces Can Help Lower Waste Volumes},
	journal = {Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1993},
	note = {D-13},
	pages = {6{\textendash}15},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_new_1993,
	title = {New Approaches to Environmental Cleanup},
	journal = {The Quill},
	volume = {81},
	year = {1993},
	note = {D-12},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {35{\textendash}38},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_new_1993-1,
	title = {New, Cost-Conscious Environmentalism: Challenge is to {\textquoteright}Harness Power of Markets{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Roll Call},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1993},
	note = {D-11},
	month = {may},
	pages = {24{\textendash}25},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_skeptics_1993,
	title = {A Skeptic{\textquoteright}s View: There{\textquoteright}s No Free Lunch},
	journal = {The World Paper},
	year = {1993},
	note = {D-13a},
	month = {nov},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {nordhaus_comments_1992,
	title = {Comments on {\textquoteright}Lethal Model 2: The Limits to Growth Revisited{\textquoteright} by William Nordhaus},
	journal = {Brookings Papers on Economic Activity},
	volume = {1992},
	year = {1992},
	note = {A-10},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {44{\textendash}50},
	issn = {0007-2303},
	doi = {10.2307/2534581},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2534581},
	author = {Nordhaus, William D. and Robert N. Stavins and Martin L. Weitzman}
}
@article {stavins_dealing_1992,
	title = {Dealing with Pollution: Market-Based Incentives for Environmental Protection},
	journal = {Environment},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1992},
	note = {A-7},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {7{\textendash}11, 29{\textendash}42},
	abstract = {A quest for innovative environmental policy instruments and a need for policies that harness rather than obstruct market forces has led to "pollution reduction credits" outlined in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Incentives and management of various pollutants are discussed.},
	keywords = {conservation, Energy, Environmental policy, Environmental Studies, incentives, Management, Pollution, Sciences: Comprehensive Works},
	issn = {00139157},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/224031901?pq-origsite=gscholar},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Whitehead, Bradley W.}
}
@article {hahn_economic_1992,
	title = {Economic Incentives for Environmental Protection: Integrating Theory and Practice},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	volume = {82},
	year = {1992},
	note = {A-8},
	month = {may},
	pages = {464{\textendash}468},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2117445},
	author = {Hahn, Robert W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_economic_1992,
	title = {Economic Instruments for Environmental Policy: Theory and Applications in the United States},
	journal = {Innovazieone e Materie Prime},
	year = {1992},
	note = {D-8},
	pages = {66{\textendash}79},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Hahn, Robert W.}
}
@article {stavins_greening_1992,
	title = {The Greening of Adam Smith},
	journal = {The New Democrat},
	year = {1992},
	note = {D-7},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {15{\textendash}17},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Whitehead, Bradley W.}
}
@booklet {stavins_greening_1992,
	title = {The Greening of America{\textquoteright}s Taxes: Pollution Charges and Environmental Protection},
	year = {1992},
	note = {F-7a},
	publisher = {Progressive Policy Institute},
	type = {Policy Report},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_harnessing_1992,
	title = {Harnessing Market Forces for a Diversified Forest Economy, Summary of Project 88/Round II Workshop Proceedings},
	year = {1992},
	note = {F-10},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {CSIA, Harvard Kennedy School},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_harnessing_1992,
	title = {Harnessing the Marketplace},
	journal = {EPA Journal},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1992},
	note = {D-6},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {21{\textendash}25},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_making_1992,
	title = {Making Use of the Market: Taxes, Tradeable Permits, and Global Climate Change},
	journal = {Issues in Science and Technology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1992},
	note = {D-9},
	pages = {22{\textendash}23},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_market-based_1992,
	title = {Market-Based Mechanisms for Addressing Global Climate Change, Summary of Project 88/Round II Workshop Proceedings},
	year = {1992},
	note = {F-9},
	publisher = {CSIA, Harvard Kennedy School},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_market-based_1992-1,
	title = {Market-Based Policy Mechanisms for Toxic and Hazardous Substance Management, Project 88/Round II Workshop Proceedings},
	year = {1992},
	note = {F-8},
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {CSIA, Harvard Kennedy School},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_pollution_1992,
	title = {Pollution Charges for Environmental Protection: A Policy Link Between Energy and Environment},
	journal = {Annual Review of Energy and the Environment},
	volume = {17},
	year = {1992},
	note = {A-9},
	pages = {187{\textendash}210},
	url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.17.110192.001155},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Whitehead, Bradley W.}
}
@article {hahn_incentive-based_1991,
	title = {Incentive-Based Environmental Regulation: A New Era from an Old Idea},
	journal = {Ecology Law Quarterly},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1991},
	note = {A-6},
	pages = {1{\textendash}42},
	url = {http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/eclawq18\&id=11\&div=\&collection=journals},
	author = {Hahn, Robert W. and Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_incentive-based_1991,
	title = {Incentive-Based Policies for Municipal Solid Waste Management, Summary of Workshop Proceedings, May 16, 1991},
	year = {1991},
	note = {F-6},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {CSIA, Harvard Kennedy School},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_market-based_1991,
	title = {Market-Based Strategies for Environmental Protection: A Tribute to Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania, Forum Proceedings, May 16, 1991.},
	year = {1991},
	note = {F-7},
	month = {sep},
	publisher = {CSIA, Harvard Kennedy School},
	type = {Discussion Paper},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_project_1991,
	title = {Project 88 {\textendash} Round II, Incentives for Action: Designing Market-Based Environmental Strategies. A Public Policy Study sponsored by Senator Timothy E. Wirth, Colorado, and Senator John Heinz, Pennsylvania.},
	year = {1991},
	note = {F-5},
	month = {may},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@inbook {tucker_foreman_toward_1991,
	title = {Toward a New Era of Environmental Policy},
	booktitle = {Regulating for the Future: The Creative Balance},
	year = {1991},
	note = {C-1},
	pages = {133{\textendash}173},
	publisher = {Center for National Policy Press},
	organization = {Center for National Policy Press},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins},
	editor = {Tucker Foreman, Carol}
}
@book {stavins_welfare_1990,
	title = {The Welfare Economics of Alternative Renewable Resource Strategies: Forested Wetlands and Agricultural Production},
	year = {1990},
	note = {B-1},
	publisher = {Garland Publishing, Inc.},
	organization = {Garland Publishing, Inc.},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_alternative_1990,
	title = {Alternative Renewable Resource Strategies: A Simulation of Optimal Use},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1990},
	note = {A-5},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {143{\textendash}159},
	abstract = {The depletion of forested wetlands is a pressing environmental concern, but has wetland depletion and conversion to agricultural cropland been excessive? A dynamic analysis of resource exploitation in the presence of environmental consequences is required. The structure and parameters of a model of socially optimal wetland use are found to bear a well-defined relationship to those which emerge from a private-market model of wetland exploitation, providing a basis for internalizing environmental externalities and for identifying optimal resource-exploitation strategies. Empirical analysis focuses on the area of severest wetland losses in the United States, the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Plain.},
	issn = {0095-0696},
	doi = {10.1016/0095-0696(90)90065-7},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0095069690900657},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_environmental_1990,
	title = {Environmental Accounting: Greening the Profit Motive},
	journal = {The World Paper},
	year = {1990},
	note = {D-4},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {1},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_innovative_1990,
	title = {Innovative Policies for Sustainable Development: The Role of Economic Incentives for Environmental Protection},
	journal = {Harvard Public Policy Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1990},
	note = {D-5},
	pages = {13{\textendash}25},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_unintended_1990,
	title = {Unintended Impacts of Public Investments on Private Decisions: The Depletion of Forested Wetlands},
	journal = {The American Economic Review},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1990},
	note = {A-4},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {337{\textendash}352},
	abstract = {By affecting relative economic returns, public infrastructure investments can induce major changes in private land use. We find that 30 percent of forested wetland depletion in the Mississippi Valley has resulted from private decisions induced by federal flood-control projects, despite explicit federal policy to preserve wetlands. Our model aggregates individual land-use decisions using a parametric distribution of unobserved land quality; dynamic simulations are used to quantify the impacts on wetlands of federal projects and other factors.},
	issn = {0002-8282},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/stable/2006670},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins and Jaffe, Adam B.}
}
@article {stavins_clean_1989,
	title = {Clean Profits: Using Economic Incentives to Protect the Environment},
	journal = {Policy Review},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1989},
	note = {A-3},
	pages = {58{\textendash}63},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_harnessing_1989,
	title = {Harnessing Market Forces to Protect the Environment},
	journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1989},
	note = {A-2},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {5{\textendash}35},
	issn = {0013-9157},
	doi = {10.1080/00139157.1989.9929926},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1989.9929926},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_project_1989,
	title = {Project 88 Conference, Harnessing Market Forces to Protect the Environment},
	year = {1989},
	note = {F-4},
	publisher = {Harvard Kennedy School},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@article {stavins_model_1988,
	title = {A Model of English Demographic Changes: 1573{\textendash}1873},
	journal = {Explorations in Economic History},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1988},
	note = {A-1},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {98{\textendash}116},
	abstract = {This paper documents an analysis of English demographic change over the period 1573{\textendash}1873. A simultaneous equations model is developed in order to test four alternative demographic theories{\textemdash}the constant equilibrium wage theory, the constant fertility theory, Lee{\textquoteright}s original (1973) synthesis theory, and a new, composite theory. Each is a special case of a general demographic model which provides both for exogenous technological change and for endogenous migration behavior. Two-stage least-squares estimation yields parameter estimates and test statistics, which provide evidence of the superiority of the composite theory of demographic change. By statistically affirming the composite theory of demographic change, this paper confirms that the mortality level played a dominant role in English demographic change during the preindustrial period. The analysis also provides support, however, for the classical notion that shifts in the labor demand function were a dominant cause of long-run population changes, subsequent to the beginning of British industrialization.},
	issn = {0014-4983},
	doi = {10.1016/0014-4983(88)90024-1},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014498388900241},
	author = {Robert Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_project_1988,
	title = {Project 88 - Harnessing Market Forces to Protect Our Environment: Initiatives for the New President. A Public Policy Study sponsored by Senator Timothy E. Wirth, Colorado, and Senator John Heinz, Pennsylvania.},
	year = {1988},
	note = {F-3},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_welfare_1988,
	title = {The Welfare Economics of Alternative Renewable Resource Strategies: Forested Wetlands and Agricultural Production.},
	year = {1988},
	note = {F-2},
	month = {may},
	publisher = {Harvard University},
	address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_conversion_1987,
	title = {Conversion of Forested Wetlands to Agricultural Uses},
	year = {1987},
	note = {D-3},
	publisher = {Environmental Defense Fund},
	address = {New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_trading_1983,
	title = {Trading Conservation Investments for Water},
	year = {1983},
	note = {D-1},
	month = {mar},
	publisher = {Environmental Defense Fund},
	address = {Berkeley, California},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_tuolumne_1983,
	title = {The Tuolumne River: Preservation or Development?},
	year = {1983},
	note = {D-2},
	month = {oct},
	publisher = {Environmental Defense Fund},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
@booklet {stavins_forecasting_1979,
	title = {Forecasting the Size Distribution of Farms: A Methodological Analysis of the Dairy Industry in New York State},
	year = {1979},
	note = {F-1},
	month = {may},
	publisher = {Cornell University},
	address = {Ithaca, New York},
	author = {Robert N. Stavins}
}
