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Gerarden, Todd D, Richard G Newell, Robert N Stavins, and Robert C Stowe. “An Assessment of the Energy-Efficiency Gap and its Implications for Climate-Change Policy.” Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, 2014. Publisher's VersionAbstract

energy_efficiency_and_climate.pdf

Improving end-use energy efficiency—that is, the energy-efficiency of individuals, households, and firms as they consume energy—is often cited as an important element in efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Arguments for improving energy efficiency usually rely on the idea that energy-efficient technologies will save end users money over time and thereby provide low-cost or no-cost options for reducing GHG emissions. However, some research suggests that energy-efficient technologies appear not to be adopted by consumers and businesses to the degree that would seem justified, even on a purely financial basis. We review in this paper the evidence for a range of explanations for this apparent "energy-efficiency gap." We find most explanations are grounded in sound economic theory, but the strength of empirical support for these explanations varies widely. Retrospective program evaluations suggest the cost of GHG abatement varies considerably across different energy-efficiency investments and can diverge substantially from the predictions of prospective models. Findings from research on the energy-efficiency gap could help policy makers generate social and private benefits from accelerating the diffusion of energy-efficient technologies—including reduction of GHG emissions.

F-34

Fowlie, Meredith, Lawrence Goulder, Matthew Kotchen, Severin Borenstein, James Bushnell, Lucas Davis, Michael Greenstone, et al. “An Economic Perspective on the EPA's Clean Power Plan.” Science 346 (2014): 815–816. Publisher's VersionAbstract

science-2014-fowlie.pdf

In June, the Obama Administration unveiled its proposal for a Clean Power Plan, which it estimates would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from existing U.S. power plants 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 (see the chart). Power plant emissions have declined substantially since 2005, so the plan is seeking reductions of about 18% from current levels. Electricity generation accounts for about 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions.

A-81

Stavins, Robert N. “An International Policy Architecture for the Post-Kyoto Era.” In Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto, edited by Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, 145–153. Washington, D.C. Brookings Institution Press, 2008.Abstract

three-part_architecture_paper_for_yale_by_stavins_revsied.pdf

"Comprehensive examination of the economic, social, and political context of climate policy in industrialized and developing nations. Calls for a multilateral approach that goes beyond the mitigation-focused Kyoto policies and stresses the importance of generating policies that work within a time frame commensurate with that of climate change itself"–Provided by publisher.

C-27

Olmstead, Sheila M, and Robert N Stavins. “An International Policy Architecture for the Post-Kyoto Era.” American Economic Review 96 (2006): 35–38.

olmstead_stavins_aer_2006.pdf

A-47

Stavins, Robert N. “An SAB Advisory on Economic Research Topics and Priorities.” Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board, 1998.

sab_report_on_econ_research_topics.pdf

E-1

Stavins, Robert N. “An SAB Report on EPA's White Paper Valuing the Benefits of Fatal Cancer Risk Reductions.” Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board, 2000.

sab_report_on_fatal_cancer.pdf

E-5

Stavins, Robert N. “An SAB Report on the EPA Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analysis.” Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board, 1999.

sab_report_on_guidelines.pdf

E-3

Stavins, Robert N. “An Unambiguous Consequence of the Durban Climate Talks.” Review of Environment, Energy, and Economics (2012): 1-4. Publisher's VersionAbstract

stavins_rev_env_energy_econ_march_2012.pdf

One of the major outcomes of the Durban Climate Conference in 2011 was the 'Durban Platform for Enhanced Action' - a non-binding agreement to forge a new treaty by 2015 that will bring all countries under the same legal regime by 2020. This article will explain why the 'Durban Platform for Enhanced Action' has opened an important window in climate talks.

A-69

Stavins, Robert N. “An Unambiguous Consequence of the Durban Climate Talks.” Green Orbis Magazine (2012): 24–31.

durban.pdf

D-100a



Aldy, Joseph E, and Robert N Stavins, ed. Architectures for Agreement: Addressing Global Climate Change in the Post-Kyoto World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

B-6

Pages