@article {zhou_effects_2020,
	title = {The Effects on Inappropriate Weight for Gestational Age of an SMS Based Educational Intervention for Pregnant Women in Xi{\textquoteright}an China: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	pages = {1482},
	abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of maternal text messages on inappropriate weight for gestational age (IWGA) in newborns in rural China. Methods: Participants were pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at a Maternal and Child Health Center in Xi{\textquoteright}an, China during the 2013{\textendash}2015 period. In total, 2115 women completed the program with follow-up information included in the final analyses. All mothers were divided into four groups, including (1) a control group that received only a few {\textquotedblleft}Basic{\textquotedblright} messages, (2) a Care-Seeking (CS) message group, (3) Good Household Prenatal Practices (GHPP) message group, and (4) a group receiving all 148 text messages. The primary outcome was IWGA, including small for gestational age (SGA) and macrosomia (weighing >=4000g at birth). Multivariable logistic regression using an intent-to-treat estimate was utilized. Results: In total, 19.5\% of newborns were IWGA. The risk of IWGA was 23.0\% in the control group, 19.6\% in the CS group, 18.9\% in the GHPP group, and 16.5\% in the group with All Texts. Compared to the control group, the odds ratio of IWGA was 0.65 (0.48{\textendash}0.89) for the group receiving All Texts, which remained statistically significant after performing the Holm-Bonferroni correction. The odds ratio of macrosomia was 0.54 (0.34{\textendash}0.87) and 0.57 (0.36{\textendash}0.49) for the Care Seeking message group and the All Texts group, respectively, with statistical significance. Conclusion: A package of free informational text messages, including advice for good household prenatal practices and care seeking, may prevent the inappropriate weight for gestational age through a protective effect on macrosomia. Advice to encourage care seeking in pregnancy may prevent macrosomia among neonates in rural China as well.},
	keywords = {inappropriate weight for gestational age, mhealth, quasi-randomized controlled trial, short message service},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph17051482},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1482},
	author = {Zhou, Zhongliang and Su, Yanfang and Heitner, Jesse and Si, Yafei and Wang, Dan and Zhiying Zhou and Yuan, Changzheng}
}
