@unpublished {515091,
	title = {Educated Youth Should go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values},
	journal = {(See Chen, Fan, Gu, and Zhou (2020) for extensive analysis on the same theme)},
	year = {2018},
	abstract = {
	I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao{\textquoteright}s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1\% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets.

}
}
